JP2021082511A - 電極及びその製造方法並びに電気化学素子 - Google Patents
電極及びその製造方法並びに電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021082511A JP2021082511A JP2019209912A JP2019209912A JP2021082511A JP 2021082511 A JP2021082511 A JP 2021082511A JP 2019209912 A JP2019209912 A JP 2019209912A JP 2019209912 A JP2019209912 A JP 2019209912A JP 2021082511 A JP2021082511 A JP 2021082511A
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJVGROTXXZVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] JJVGROTXXZVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Li] Chemical compound [P].[Li] OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSUXYEMKBBQCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yloxymethanol Chemical compound CCC(C)OCO BSUXYEMKBBQCOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005677 ethinylene group Chemical group [*:2]C#C[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIHTXGRVQBTVRE-KFYAXVMHSA-N olivin Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=C2C(O)=C(C(=O)[C@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC)C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)O)C3)O)C3=CC2=C1 PIHTXGRVQBTVRE-KFYAXVMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L zinc;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRGNUPCISFMPEM-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
図1に、本実施形態の電極の一例を示す。ここで、図1(a)及び(b)は、それぞれ平面図及び断面図である。
電極基体11を構成する材料としては、導電性材料であれば、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
絶縁層用液体組成物は、絶縁性を有する無機粒子と、溶媒を含む。
絶縁層用液体組成物は、例えば、絶縁性を有する無機粒子を溶媒A中に分散させて分散液を得た後、分散液を溶媒Bで希釈することにより、製造することができる。
電極合材層用液体組成物は、活物質と、分散媒を含み、必要に応じて、導電助剤、分散剤等をさらに含んでいてもよい。
活物質としては、正極活物質又は負極活物質を用いることができる。
分散媒としては、例えば、水、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、2−ピロリドン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸ブチル、メシチレン、2−n−ブトキシメタノール、2−ジメチルエタノール、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド等が挙げられ、二種以上を併用してもよい。
導電助剤としては、例えば、ファーネス法、アセチレン法、ガス化法等により製造されている導電性カーボンブラックや、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、黒鉛粒子等の炭素材料を用いることができる。炭素材料以外の導電助剤としては、例えば、アルミニウム等の金属粒子、金属繊維を用いることができる。なお、導電助剤は、予め活物質と複合化されていてもよい。
分散剤としては、例えば、ポリカルボン酸系分散剤、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合系分散剤、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリカルボン酸部分アルキルエステル系分散剤、ポリエーテル系分散剤、ポリアルキレンポリアミン系分散剤等の高分子分散剤、アルキルスルホン酸系分散剤、四級アンモニウム塩系分散剤、高級アルコールアルキレンオキシド系分散剤、多価アルコールエステル系分散剤、アルキルポリアミン系分散剤等の界面活性剤、ポリリン酸塩系分散剤等の無機型分散剤等が挙げられる。
電極10の製造方法は、電極基体11上に電極合材層12を形成する工程と、電極合材層12上に絶縁層13を形成する工程を含む。
図3に、本実施形態の負極の製造方法の一例を示す。
正極の製造方法は、正極基体上に、正極活物質と、分散媒を含む正極合材層用液体組成物を吐出する以外は、負極の製造方法と同様である。
図9に、本実施形態の電気化学素子の一例を示す。
セパレータ30は、負極15と正極25の短絡を防ぐために、必要に応じて、負極15と正極25の間に設けられている。
電解質水溶液を構成する電解質塩としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化アンモニウム、塩化亜鉛、酢酸亜鉛、臭化亜鉛、ヨウ化亜鉛、酒石酸亜鉛、過塩化亜鉛等が挙げられる。
非水電解質としては、固体電解質又は非水電解液を使用することができる。
非水溶媒としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、非プロトン性有機溶媒を用いることが好ましい。
等を用いることができる。
電解質塩としては、イオン伝導度が高く、非水溶媒に溶解することが可能であれば、特に制限はない。
電気化学素子の用途としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、ノートパソコン、ペン入力パソコン、モバイルパソコン、電子ブックプレーヤー、携帯電話、携帯ファックス、携帯コピー、携帯プリンター、ヘッドホンステレオ、ビデオムービー、液晶テレビ、ハンディークリーナー、ポータブルCD、ミニディスク、トランシーバー、電子手帳、電卓、メモリーカード、携帯テープレコーダー、ラジオ、バックアップ電源、モーター、照明器具、玩具、ゲーム機器、時計、ストロボ、カメラ等が挙げられる。
予め分散剤を溶解させた溶媒A中にアルミナ粒子を分散させた後、溶媒Bで希釈し、絶縁層用液体組成物1〜16を得た。このとき、絶縁層用液体組成物8、9を調製する際には、予め結着樹脂を溶解させた溶媒Bを用いた。
<負極の作製>
コンマコータを用いて、負極基体としての、銅箔の両面に、負極活物質SCMG−XRs(昭和電工製)、水及び樹脂を混錬して得た負極合材層用スラリーを塗布した後、乾燥させて、負極合材層を形成した。次に、約100kNの力でプレスした後、液体吐出装置EV2500(リコー製)及び液体吐出ヘッドMH5421F(リコー製)を用いて、絶縁層用液体組成物を負極合材層上に吐出して、絶縁層を形成し、負極を得た。
コンマコータを用いて、正極基体としての、アルミニウム箔の両面に、正極活物質ニッケル酸リチウム503H(JFEミネラル製)、N−メチルピロリドン及び樹脂を混錬して得た正極合材層用スラリーを塗布した後、乾燥させて、正極合材層を形成し、正極を得た。
ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(LiPF6)と、ホウフッ化リチウム(LiBF4)をエチレンカーボネートに溶解させ、非水電解液を得た。
正極の引き出し線と負極の引き出し線が重ならない状態で、セルロース製の厚さ16μmのセパレータを介して、2個の正極と1個の負極を積層し、電極素子を得た。次に、ラミネートフィルム間に、電極素子を挟んだ後、ラミネートシールして袋状の外装を形成した。次に、非水電解液を外装内に注入した後、注液部分を封止して、リチウムイオン二次電池を得た(図6参照)。
<負極の作製>
コンマコータを用いて、負極基体としての、銅箔の両面に、負極活物質SCMG−XRs(昭和電工製)、水及び樹脂を混錬して得た負極合材層用スラリーを塗布した後、乾燥させて、負極合材層を形成し、負極を得た。即ち、実施例1〜8、比較例2、3の負極とは、絶縁層が形成されていない点で異なる。
充放電試験を実施し、リチウムイオン二次電池の出力を評価した。具体的には、電流レート1Cで10分間定電流放電することにより、リチウムイオン二次電池を所定のSOCに調整した。次に、電流レート1Cのパルスで10秒間定電流放電した後、30分間の休止を挟んで、電流レート1Cで10秒間定電流充電した。次に、30分間の休止を挟んで、同様の時間間隔で、電流レート3C、5Cでの10秒間定電流充放電を繰り返した。
比較例2、実施例1〜3のリチウムイオン二次電池の出力を比較例1−1のリチウムイオン電池の出力で除し、出力維持率を求めた。
釘刺し試験を実施し、リチウムイオン二次電池の安全性を評価した。具体的には、リチウムイオン二次電池を満充電状態(SOC100%)とした後、電極が積層されている方向と垂直に、直径4.5mの釘を刺し、意図的に短絡させた状態で、発火の有無で安全性を評価した。
×:発火する場合
表2に、リチウムイオン二次電池の出力、出力維持率、安全性の評価結果を示す。
充放電試験を実施し、リチウムイオン二次電池の初期容量を評価した。具体的には、電流レート0.2Cで4.2Vまで定電流充電した後、4.2V(一定)となる電流値で10時間充電し、満充電状態にした。次に、10分間の休止を挟んで、電流レート0.2Cでカットオフ電圧である2.5Vまで定電流放電し、2.5Vになるまでの時間と電流値から初期容量[mAh]を算出した。
充放電試験を1000回実施した後、リチウムイオン二次電池のサイクル1000回後の容量を評価した。
リチウムイオン二次電池のサイクル1000回後の容量をリチウムイオン二次電池の初期容量で除し、容量維持率を求めた。
<負極の作製>
コンマコータを用いて、負極基体としての、銅箔の両面に、負極活物質SCMG−XRs(昭和電工製)、水及び樹脂を混錬して得た負極合材層用スラリーを塗布した後、乾燥させて、負極合材層を形成し、負極を得た。
コンマコータを用いて、正極基体としての、アルミニウム箔の両面に、正極活物質ニッケル酸リチウム503H(JFEミネラル製)、N−メチルピロリドン及び樹脂を混錬して得た正極合材層用スラリーを塗布した後、乾燥させて、正極合材層を形成した。次に、約100kNの力でプレスした後、液体吐出装置EV2500(リコー製)及び液体吐出ヘッドMH5421F(リコー製)を用いて、絶縁層用液体組成物を正極合材層上に吐出して、絶縁層を形成し、正極を得た。
<正極の作製>
コンマコータを用いて、正極基体としての、アルミニウム箔の両面に、正極活物質ニッケル酸リチウム503H(JFEミネラル製)、N−メチルピロリドン及び樹脂を混錬して得た正極合材層用スラリーを塗布した後、乾燥させて、正極合材層を形成し、正極を得た。即ち、実施例9〜11の正極とは、絶縁層が形成されていないという点で異なる。
充放電試験を実施し、リチウムイオン二次電池の初期容量を評価した。
充放電試験を700回実施した後、リチウムイオン二次電池のサイクル700回後の容量を評価した。
リチウムイオン二次電池のサイクル700回後の容量をリチウムイオン二次電池の初期容量で除し、容量維持率を求めた。
10 電極
11 電極(負極)基体
12 電極(負極)合材層
13 絶縁層
13a 液体組成物の液滴
14 微細な隙間
15 負極
21 正極基体
22 正極合材層
25 正極
30 セパレータ
40 電極素子
41、42 引き出し線
51 電解質層
52 外装
Claims (8)
- 電極基体上に、電極合材層及び絶縁層が順次形成されており、
前記電極合材層は、前記絶縁層により被覆されており、
前記絶縁層による前記電極合材層の被覆率の平均値が90%以上である、電極。 - 前記絶縁層による前記電極合材層の被覆率の平均値が95%以上である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記絶縁層は、直線状に配置されている複数のドットを含み、微細な隙間が形成されており、
前記微細な隙間の長さ及び幅を、それぞれX[μm]及びY[μm]とすると、式
Y≦X
を満たす、請求項1又は2に記載の電極。 - 式
Y≦100
を満たす、請求項3に記載の電極。 - 前記絶縁層は、前記微細な隙間が、前記微細な隙間の幅方向に対して、周期的に形成されている、請求項3又は4に記載の電極。
- 電極基体上に、電極合材層を形成する工程と、
前記電極合材層上に、絶縁層を形成する工程を含み、
前記絶縁層を形成する際に、液体吐出ヘッドから、絶縁性を有する無機粒子と、溶媒を含む液体組成物の5〜40pLの液滴を吐出し、
前記液体吐出ヘッドは、ノズル方向の吐出解像度が300dpi以上であり、移動方向の吐出解像度が600dpi以上である、電極の製造方法。 - 前記液体吐出ヘッドから前記液滴を吐出するときの電圧パターンの印加回数を調整することにより、前記液体吐出ヘッドの移動方向の吐出解像度を制御する、請求項6に記載の電極の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の電極を有する、電気化学素子。
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