JP2021068701A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(式中、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z<1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、Nb、Cu、In、S、B、及びBiのうちから選択される少なくともいずれか1つ以上である。)
[化1]
(式中、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z<1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、Nb、Cu、In、S、B、及びBiのうちから選択される少なくともいずれか1つ以上である。)
[化2]
(式中、0<a≦7、0<b≦15であり、前記M1は、Ba、Sr、B、P、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ta、及びWのうちから選択される少なくともいずれか1つ以上である。)
前記コーティング層は、前記正極活物質表面の全体に形成又は部分的に形成され得る。
合成
共沈法(co−precipitation method)を用いて球形のNi0.2Co0.1Mn0.7CO3前駆体の合成を行った。
前記得られた前駆体を、Box焼成炉で、O2又はAir(50L/min)の雰囲気を維持しながら、2℃/分で昇温し、550℃で1〜6時間維持した後、炉冷(furnace cooling)を行った。
前記焙焼された前駆体を、Li/(Ni+Co+Mn)の比率が1.45となるようにLiOH又はLi2CO3を秤量し、また、一次粒子間の成長を誘導する融剤ドーパント(Flux dopant)としてNb2O5を0.3モル%秤量し、ミキサー(Manual mixer:MM)を用いて混合した。
上述の実施例1の焼成ステップにおいて融剤ドーパントとしてNb2O5を0.6モル%混合した以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を製造した。
上述の実施例1の焼成ステップにおいて融剤ドーパントとしてNb2O5を混合しない以外は、実施例1と同様にして正極活物質を製造した。
上述の実施例2の焼成ステップにおいて融剤ドーパントとしてアンモニウムニオベートオキサレート(C4H4NNbO9xH2O)を混合した以外は、実施例2と同様にして正極活物質を製造した。
上述の実施例及び比較例で製造された正極活物質のSEM測定を行い、その結果を図1に示す。
上述の実施例及び比較例で製造された正極活物質の断面SEMを測定し、その結果を図2a及び図2bに示す。
上述の実施例及び比較例で製造された正極活物質のEDX写真を測定し、その結果を図3a及び図3bに示す。
本発明の実施例又は比較例で製造された正極活物質のXRD分析結果を、図4〜図6に示す。XRD分析は、CuKα radiation=1.5406Å波長で使用された。
図7から、上述の実施例による正極活物質の充填密度(packing density、g/cc)は、上述の比較例に比べて増加し、フラックスドーパントの含有量を増加させるほど充填密度が増加することが確認された。
図8から、上述の実施例による正極活物質の比表面積(BET、m2/g)は、比較例に比べて減少し、融剤ドーパントの含有量を増加させるほど比表面積(BET、m2/g)が増加されることが確認された。より具体的に、融剤ドーパントとしてNbを0.3モル%添加すると、比表面積が60%減少し、0.6モル%を添加すると、比表面積が80%以上減少することが確認された。
図9から、一次粒子の成長を誘導する融剤ドーパントを焼成ステップで添加した実施例では、そうでない比較例に比べて、優れた電圧特性が得られることが確認された。このように、比較例に比べてリチウム過剰層状酸化物を含む正極活物質の初期充放電容量が増加するのは、融剤ドーパントによりインタースラブ(inter−slab)が増加し、また、イオン伝導体コーティング層の存在によって、リチウムイオン(Liイオン)のキネティックス(kinetics)が増加するためである。
Claims (15)
- リチウム過剰層状酸化物(overlithiated layered oxide:OLO)を含む正極活物質であって、
下記[化1]で示され、
一次粒子が凝集して二次粒子を形成し、300nm〜10μmの大きさを有する一次粒子が、前記二次粒子を構成する全一次粒子中の50〜100体積%である、二次電池用正極活物質。
[化1]
(式中、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z<1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、Nb、Cu、In、S、B、及びBiのうちから選択される少なくともいずれか1つ以上である。) - 前記正極活物質の二次粒子の平均粒径は、2μm〜20μmである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記[化1]中の前記M1は、前記一次粒子を成長させる融剤(フラックス)として作用するドーパントである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記[化1]中の前記M1は、Ba、Sr、B、P、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ta、及びWのうちから選択される少なくともいずれか1つ以上である、請求項3に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記[化1]中の前記M1は、前記正極活物質を構成する金属の全モル数に対して、0.001〜10モル%で含まれる、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質は、XRD分析時、I(104)での半値幅(FWHM(deg.))は、前記M1が含まれていない物質に対して、5〜50%の割合で減少する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の体積当たりのエネルギー密度(Wh/L)は、前記M1が含まれていない物質に対して、5〜30%の割合で増加する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の充填密度(packing density)は、2.0〜4.0(g/cc)である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質の比表面積(BET、m2/g)は、0.1〜1.5(BET、m2/g)である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム過剰層状酸化物において、Ni、Co、又はMn金属の全モル数に対するリチウムのモル数の割合(Li/(Ni+Co+Mn))は、1.1〜1.6である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム過剰層状酸化物において、Niの全モル数に対するMnのモル数の割合(Mn/Ni)は、1〜4.5である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- Ni、Co、及びMnのうちから選択される少なくともいずれか1つ以上の元素を含む正極活物質前駆体を製造するステップ;及び
前記正極活物質前駆体に、リチウム化合物及び前記[化1]中のM1を含む化合物を混合して焼成するステップ;
を含む、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記前駆体を製造するステップの後でかつ焼成するステップの前に、300〜600℃で製造された前駆体を焙焼するステップをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の正極活物質を含む二次電池。
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