JP2021042364A - ポリアミド粒子及びその製造方法及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
ポリアミド粒子及びその製造方法及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021042364A JP2021042364A JP2020145620A JP2020145620A JP2021042364A JP 2021042364 A JP2021042364 A JP 2021042364A JP 2020145620 A JP2020145620 A JP 2020145620A JP 2020145620 A JP2020145620 A JP 2020145620A JP 2021042364 A JP2021042364 A JP 2021042364A
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- polyamide
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- oil
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Abstract
Description
本明細書で使用するとき、用語「不混和性」は、組み合わされたときに、周囲気圧にて室温で、又は室温で固体である場合は構成成分の融点で、互いに5重量%未満の溶融度を有する2つ以上の相を形成する構成成分の混合物を指す。例えば、10,000g/モルの分子量を有するポリエチレンオキシドは、室温で固体であり、65℃の融点を有する。したがって、ある材料が室温で液体であり、この材料と上記のポリエチレンオキシドとが互いに、65℃で5重量%未満の溶融度を有する場合、上記のポリエチレンオキシドはこの材料と不混和性であるということになる。
図1は、本開示の非限定的な例示的方法100のフローチャートである。ポリアミド102、キャリア流体104、及び乳化安定剤106を組み合わせること(符号108)によって、混合物110を生成する。構成成分102、104、及び106は、任意の順序で添加され、構成成分102、104、及び106を組み合わせるプロセス108中の混合及び/又は加熱を含み得る。
本明細書に記載されるポリアミド粒子は、3D印刷プロセス、特に粒子圧密化を促進するために選択的レーザー焼結を用いるものに利用することができる。本開示のポリアミド粒子は、商業的に入手可能なものなどの不規則な形状又はより広い粒子分布を有するポリマー粒子に対して、有利な特性を示し得る。非限定的な例では、本開示のポリアミド粒子は、より低いレーザーパワーで圧密化され、3D印刷により生成された物体において空隙形成の程度を減少し得る。
本開示の第1の非限定的な実施形態は、ポリアミドと、ポリアミドとは不混和性であるキャリア流体と、ナノ粒子(例えば、酸化物ナノ粒子、カーボンブラック、及び/又はポリマーナノ粒子を含む)と、を含む混合物を、ポリアミドの融点又は軟化温度を超える温度で、かつキャリア流体中にポリアミドを分散させるのに十分に高い剪断速度で、混合することと、混合物をポリアミドの融点又は軟化温度未満まで冷却して、円形度が0.90以上のポリアミド粒子であって、ポリアミドとポリアミド粒子の外側表面に会合するナノ粒子とを含むポリアミド粒子を含む固化粒子を形成することと、固化した粒子をキャリア流体から分離することと、を含む方法である。第1の非限定的な実施形態は、以下に挙げる要素の1つ以上を更に含んでいてもよい:要素1:ナノ粒子の少なくとも一部は、ポリアミド粒子の外側表面に埋め込まれていること;要素2:ポリアミド粒子のうちの少なくとも一部が、空隙を有し、その空隙が、空隙/ポリアミド界面にナノ粒子を含むこと;要素3:要素2であり、かつナノ粒子が空隙/ポリアミド界面の表面に埋め込まれていること;要素4:要素2であり、かつ空隙がキャリア流体を含有すること;要素5:固化粒子が、細長い構造体を更に含み、その細長い構造体が、ポリアミドを、その細長い構造体の外側表面にナノ粒子が会合した状態で含むこと;要素6:ナノ粒子が、ポリアミド粒子の表面の5%未満を被覆するコーティングを形成すること;要素7:ナノ粒子が、ポリアミド粒子の表面の少なくとも5%を被覆するコーティングを形成すること;要素8:ナノ粒子が、ポリアミド粒子の表面の少なくとも25%を被覆するコーティングを形成すること;要素9:ナノ粒子が、ポリアミド粒子の表面の少なくとも50%を被覆するコーティングを形成すること;要素10:ポリアミドが、混合物の5重量%〜60重量%で混合物中に存在すること;要素11:ナノ粒子が、ポリアミドの0.01重量%〜10重量%で混合物中に存在すること;要素12:ナノ粒子が、1nm〜500nmの平均直径を有すること;要素13:ポリアミドが、脂肪族ポリアミド、ポリフタラミド、アラミド、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択されること;要素14:ポリアミドが、ポリカプロアミド、ポリ(ヘキサメチレンサクシアミド)、ポリヘキサメチレンアジパミド、ポリペンタメチレンアジパミド、ポリヘキサメチレンセバカミド、ポリウンデカミド、ポリドデカアミド、ポリヘキサメチレンテレフタルアミド、ナイロン10,10、ナイロン10,12、ナイロン10,14、ナイロン10,18、ナイロン6,18、ナイロン6,12、ナイロン6,14、ナイロン12,12、半芳香族ポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリエステルアミド、ポリエーテルエステルアミド、ポリカーボネート−エステルアミド、ポリエーテル−ブロック−アミドエラストマー、これらの任意のコポリマー、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択されること;要素15:ポリアミドの融点又は軟化温度が、50℃〜450℃であること;要素16:キャリア流体は、シリコーンオイル、フッ素化シリコーンオイル、ペルフッ素化シリコーンオイル、ポリエチレングリコール、アルキル末端ポリエチレングリコール、パラフィン、流動ワセリン、ミンクオイル、タートルオイル、大豆油、ペルヒドロスクアレン、スイートアーモンドオイル、カロフィルムオイル、パームオイル、パールリームオイル、グレープシードオイル、ゴマ油、トウモロコシ油、菜種油、ヒマワリ油、綿実油、杏油、ヒマシ油、アボカド油、ホホバ油、オリーブ油、穀物胚芽油、ラノリン酸のエステル、オレイン酸のエステル、ラウリン酸のエステル、ステアリン酸のエステル、脂肪族エステル、高級脂肪酸、脂肪族アルコール、脂肪酸で修飾されたポリシロキサン、脂肪族アルコールで修飾されたポリシロキサン、ポリオキシアルキレンで修飾されたポリシロキサン、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択されること;要素17:要素16であり、かつシリコーンオイルが、ポリジメチルシロキサン、メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、アルキル変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、アルキル変性メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、アミノ変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、アミノ変性メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、フッ素変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、フッ素変性メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、ポリエーテル変性ポリジメチルシロキサン、ポリエーテル変性メチルフェニルポリシロキサン、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択されること;要素18:キャリア流体が、25℃で1,000cSt〜150,000cStの粘度を有すること;要素19:キャリア流体が、0.6g/cm3〜1.5g/cm3の密度を有し、ポリアミドが0.7g/cm3〜1.7g/cm3の密度を有すること;要素20:混合が、撹拌反応器内で行われること;要素21:混合物が、界面活性剤を更に含むこと;要素22:固化粒子が、約0.5μm〜約125μmのD10と、約1μm〜約200μmのD50と、約70μm〜約300μmのD90とを有し、D10<D50<D90であること;要素23:固化粒子が約0.2〜約10の直径スパンを有すること;要素24:固化粒子が、約5μm〜約30μmのD10と、約30μm〜約70μmのD50と、約70μm〜約120μmのD90とを有し、D10<D50<D90であること;要素25:要素24であり、かつ固化粒子が、約1.0〜約2.5の直径スパンを有すること;要素26:固化粒子が、約25μm〜約60μmのD10と、約60μm〜約110μmのD50と、約110μm〜約175μmのD90とを有し、D10<D50<D90であること;要素27:要素26であり、かつ固化粒子が、約0.6〜約1.5の直径スパンを有すること;要素28:固化粒子が、約75μm〜約125μmのD10と、約100μm〜約200μmのD50と、約125μm〜約300μmのD90とを有し、D10<D50<D90であること;要素29:要素28であり、固化粒子は、約0.2〜約1.2の直径スパンを有する。要素30:固化した粒子が、約0.97〜約1.0の円形度を有すること;及び要素31:固化粒子が、約1.0〜約1.35のハウスナー比を有すること。組み合わせの例としては、以下のものが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない:要素1と、要素2〜31のうちの1つ以上との組み合わせ;要素2と、要素3〜31のうちの1つ以上との組み合わせ;要素10と、要素3〜9及び11〜31のうちの1つ以上との組み合わせ;及び要素1〜12のうちの1つ以上と、要素13〜31のうちの1つ以上との組み合わせ。
第1項.ポリアミドと、ポリアミドとは不混和性であるキャリア流体と、ナノ粒子とを含む混合物を、ポリアミドの融点又は軟化温度よりも高い温度で、かつキャリア流体中にポリアミドを分散させるのに十分に高い剪断速度で混合することと、混合物をポリアミドの融点又は軟化温度未満まで冷却して、円形度が0.90以上のポリアミド粒子であって、ポリアミドとポリアミド粒子の外側表面に会合するナノ粒子とを含むポリアミド粒子を含む固化粒子を形成することと、固化した粒子をキャリア流体から分離することと、を含む方法。
Claims (20)
- 0.90以上の円形度を有するポリアミド粒子であり、かつポリアミドと前記ポリアミド粒子の外側表面に会合するナノ粒子とを含むポリアミド粒子を含む粒子を含む、組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子の少なくとも一部が、前記粒子の前記外側表面に埋め込まれる、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリアミドが、前記粒子の90重量%〜99.5重量%で存在する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド粒子のうちの少なくとも一部が、その内部に空隙を有し、前記空隙が、前記ナノ粒子を空隙/ポリアミド界面に含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、前記空隙/ポリアミド界面に埋め込まれる、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記空隙が、25℃で1,000cSt〜150,000cStの粘度を有するキャリア流体を含有する、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記粒子が、細長い構造体を更に含み、前記細長い構造体が、前記ポリアミドを、前記細長い構造体の外側表面に前記ナノ粒子が会合した状態で含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリアミドが、ポリカプロアミド、ポリ(ヘキサメチレンサクシアミド)、ポリヘキサメチレンアジパミド、ポリペンタメチレンアジパミド、ポリヘキサメチレンセバカミド、ポリウンデカミド、ポリドデカアミド、ポリヘキサメチレンテレフタルアミド、ナイロン10,10、ナイロン10,12、ナイロン10,14、ナイロン10,18、ナイロン6,18、ナイロン6,12、ナイロン6,14、ナイロン12,12、半芳香族ポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、ポリエステルアミド、ポリエーテルエステルアミド、ポリカーボネート−エステルアミド、ポリエーテル−ブロック−アミドエラストマー、これらの任意のコポリマー、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド粒子が、約0.5μm〜約125μmのD10、約1μm〜約200μmのD50、及び約70μm〜約300μmのD90を有し、D10<D50<D90である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド粒子が、約0.2〜約10の直径スパンを有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリアミド粒子が、約1.0〜約1.5のハウスナー比を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ナノ粒子が、酸化物ナノ粒子、カーボンブラック、ポリマーナノ粒子、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 0.90以上の円形度を有するポリアミド粒子であり、かつポリアミドと前記ポリアミド粒子の外側表面に埋め込まれたナノ粒子とを含むポリアミド粒子を含む粒子を含み、
前記ナノ粒子が、前記粒子の表面の少なくとも50%を被覆するコーティングを形成する、組成物。 - 前記ポリアミド粒子のうちの少なくとも一部が、その内部に空隙を有し、前記空隙が、前記ナノ粒子を空隙/ポリアミド界面に含み、かつ前記空隙が、25℃で1,000cSt〜150,000cStの粘度を有するキャリア流体を含有する、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- ポリアミドと、前記ポリアミドとは不混和性であるキャリア流体と、ナノ粒子とを含む混合物を、前記ポリアミドの融点又は軟化温度よりも高い温度で、かつ前記キャリア流体中に前記ポリアミドを分散させるのに十分に高い剪断速度で混合することと、
前記混合物を前記ポリアミドの前記融点又は前記軟化温度未満に冷却して、0.90以上の円形度を有するポリアミド粒子であって、前記ポリアミドと、前記ポリアミド粒子の外側表面に会合する前記ナノ粒子とを含むポリアミド粒子を含む固化粒子を形成することと、
前記固化粒子を前記キャリア流体から分離することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記ナノ粒子のうちの少なくとも一部が、前記ポリアミド粒子の前記外側表面に埋め込まれる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記乳化安定剤が、前記熱可塑性ポリマーの重量に対して0.01重量%〜10重量%で前記混合物中に存在している、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記混合温度が、前記熱可塑性ポリマーの融点又は軟化温度を約1℃〜約50℃上回る、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記キャリア流体が、シリコーンオイル、フッ素化シリコーンオイル、ペルフッ素化シリコーン油、ポリエチレングリコール、アルキル末端ポリエチレングリコール、パラフィン、流動ワセリン、ミンクオイル、タートルオイル、大豆油、ペルヒドロスクアレン、スイートアーモンドオイル、カロフィルム油、パーム油、パーリームオイル、グレープシードオイル、ゴマ油、トウモロコシ油、菜種油、ヒマワリ油、綿実油、杏油、ヒマシ油、アボカド油、ホホバ油、オリーブ油、穀物胚芽油、ラノリン酸のエステル、オレイン酸のエステル、ラウリン酸のエステル、ステアリン酸のエステル、脂肪族エステル、高級脂肪酸、脂肪族アルコール、脂肪酸で修飾されたポリシロキサン、脂肪族アルコールで修飾されたポリシロキサン、ポリオキシアルキレンで修飾されたポリシロキサン、及びこれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 冷却が約10℃/時〜約100℃/秒の速度で行われる、請求項15に記載の方法。
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