JP2020530647A - 大規模エネルギー貯蔵のための金属−水素バッテリー - Google Patents
大規模エネルギー貯蔵のための金属−水素バッテリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020530647A JP2020530647A JP2020505397A JP2020505397A JP2020530647A JP 2020530647 A JP2020530647 A JP 2020530647A JP 2020505397 A JP2020505397 A JP 2020505397A JP 2020505397 A JP2020505397 A JP 2020505397A JP 2020530647 A JP2020530647 A JP 2020530647A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- electrode
- hydrogen
- hydrogen battery
- battery
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 140
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QZYDAIMOJUSSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[Mo] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[Mo] QZYDAIMOJUSSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018502 Ni—H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 57
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 42
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].OOO Chemical compound [Ni].OOO OSOVKCSKTAIGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 about 2mmol ) Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000970 chrono-amperometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrroline Chemical compound C1CC=CN1 RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100317222 Borrelia hermsii vsp3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004616 Na2MoO4.2H2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCOASTWZYJGKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni].[W] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni].[W] YCOASTWZYJGKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNBBNXBJWLVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;oxozinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Co]=O LNBBNXBJWLVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004688 heptahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynenickel Chemical compound [Ni]#[C] VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel tungsten Chemical compound [Ni].[W] MOWMLACGTDMJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroline Natural products C1CC=NC1 ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-[[4-[(e)-[4-(4-ethoxyanilino)phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino]methyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C(=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=C1 RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8615—Bifunctional electrodes for rechargeable cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
-
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第62/544,508号(2017年8月11日出願)の利益を主張し、その内容は、その全体において本明細書に参考として援用される。
再生可能エネルギー源(例えば、風力および太陽)が旧来の化石燃料と競合するには、大規模エネルギー貯蔵システムを、それらの本質的な間欠性を軽減するために開発するべきである。そのコスト(1キロワット−時間あたりの米ドル($ kWh−1))および長時間寿命が、大規模エネルギー貯蔵の長所の最大の姿である。現在は、揚水式水力発電は、電力網によるエネルギー貯蔵市場で優勢である。なぜならそれは、長期(約50年間)にわたって大量のエネルギーを貯蔵するために安価な方法(約$100kWh−1)であるからである。しかし、それは、適切な場所の欠如および環境フットプリントによって制限されている。圧縮空気エネルギー貯蔵およびフライホイールエネルギー貯蔵のような他の技術は、いくつかの異なる利点を示すが、それらの比較的低い効率および高コストは、電力網による貯蔵のために大きく改善されるべきである。充電式バッテリーは、大規模エネルギー貯蔵のための低コスト、高容量かつ高い信頼性のシステムを目標とする大きな機会を提供する。バッテリー技術の代表としては、鉛蓄電池、レドックスフロー電池、リチウムイオンバッテリー、ナトリウム硫黄電池および液体金属電池が挙げられる;しかし、これらの技術は、種々の未解決課題に起因して、大きな公益事業市場の全体的な経済的基準をほとんど満たすことはできない。電力網による貯蔵に関して$100kWh−1という米国エネルギー省(DOE)目標を達成するために、改善されたバッテリー技術および進歩した材料は非常に望ましいが、非常に難題である。
いくつかの実施形態において、金属−水素バッテリーは、(1)第1の電極、(2)第2の電極、および(3)上記第1の電極と上記第2の電極との間に配置された電解質を含む。上記第2の電極は、上記第2の電極において水素放出反応および水素酸化反応の両方を触媒するように二元機能触媒を含む。
図22は、いくつかの実施形態に従う金属−水素バッテリー100の模式図を示す。その金属−水素バッテリー100は、第1の電極102、第2の電極104、その第1の電極102とその第2の電極104との間に配置されたセパレーター106、およびその第1の電極102とその第2の電極104との間に配置された電解質108を含む。
Claims (24)
- 金属−水素バッテリーであって、該金属−水素バッテリーは、
第1の電極;
第2の電極;および
該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に配置された電解質、
を含み、ここで該第2の電極は、該第2の電極において水素放出反応および水素酸化反応の両方を触媒するように二元機能触媒を含む、金属−水素バッテリー。 - 前記第2の電極は、導電性基材および該導電性基材を覆うコーティングを含み、該コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記導電性基材は多孔性である、請求項2に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記導電性基材は、発泡金属または発泡合金を含む、請求項2に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記二元機能触媒は、ニッケル−モリブデン−コバルト合金を含む、請求項2に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒のナノ構造体を含む、請求項2に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の電極は、導電性基材および該導電性基材を覆うコーティングを含み、該コーティングは、遷移金属を含むレドックス反応性材料を含む、請求項1に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記導電性基材は多孔性である、請求項7に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記導電性基材は、発泡金属または発泡合金を含む、請求項7に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記遷移金属はニッケルである、請求項7に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記遷移金属はコバルトである、請求項7に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記遷移金属はマンガンである、請求項7に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記コーティングは、前記レドックス反応性材料のマイクロ構造体を含む、請求項7に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の電極は、遷移金属を含む金属箔を含む、請求項1に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記電解質は水性電解質である、請求項1に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記電解質はアルカリ性である、請求項1に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、および前記電解質が内部に配置される囲いをさらに含み、該囲いは、入口バルブ、該入口バルブに流体接続されている入口、出口バルブ、および該出口バルブに流体接続されている出口を含む、請求項1に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 水素ガスを貯蔵するための貯蔵タンク、および前記出口と、前記出口バルブを経て、該貯蔵タンクとの間で流体接続されるポンプをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 金属−水素バッテリーであって、該金属−水素バッテリーは、
遷移金属を含むレドックス反応性材料を含むカソード;
遷移金属合金を含む二元機能触媒を含む触媒性水素アノード;および
該カソードと該触媒性水素アノードとの間に配置されたアルカリ性電解質、
を含む金属−水素バッテリー。 - 前記遷移金属合金は、ニッケル−モリブデン−コバルト合金である、請求項19に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 前記触媒性水素アノードは、導電性基材および該導電性基材を覆うコーティングを含み、該コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒のナノ構造体を含む、請求項19に記載の金属−水素バッテリー。
- 触媒性水素電極の製造方法であって、該製造方法は、
導電性基材および該導電性基材と接触した状態にある析出溶液を提供する工程であって、ここで該析出溶液は、二元機能触媒の前駆物質を含む工程;ならびに
電着を行って、該導電性基材を覆う該二元機能触媒のコーティングを形成する工程、
を包含する製造方法。 - 前記析出溶液は、ニッケル含有前駆物質、モリブデン含有前駆物質、およびコバルト含有前駆物質を含む、請求項22に記載の製造方法。
- 前記コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒のナノ構造体を含む、請求項22に記載の製造方法。
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