JP7345858B2 - 大規模エネルギー貯蔵のための金属-水素バッテリー - Google Patents
大規模エネルギー貯蔵のための金属-水素バッテリー Download PDFInfo
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- JP7345858B2 JP7345858B2 JP2020505397A JP2020505397A JP7345858B2 JP 7345858 B2 JP7345858 B2 JP 7345858B2 JP 2020505397 A JP2020505397 A JP 2020505397A JP 2020505397 A JP2020505397 A JP 2020505397A JP 7345858 B2 JP7345858 B2 JP 7345858B2
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- battery
- hydrogen battery
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 119
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 118
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 117
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 about 2 mmol) ) Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000970 chrono-amperometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000483 nickel oxide hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
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- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrroline Chemical compound C1CC=CN1 RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100317222 Borrelia hermsii vsp3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910004616 Na2MoO4.2H2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MEYVLGVRTYSQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNBBNXBJWLVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;oxozinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Co]=O LNBBNXBJWLVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynenickel Chemical compound [Ni]#[C] VMWYVTOHEQQZHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-[[4-[(e)-[4-(4-ethoxyanilino)phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino]methyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C(=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=C1 RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8615—Bifunctional electrodes for rechargeable cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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Description
本出願は、米国仮特許出願第62/544,508号(2017年8月11日出願)の利益を主張し、その内容は、その全体において本明細書に参考として援用される。
再生可能エネルギー源(例えば、風力および太陽)が旧来の化石燃料と競合するには、大規模エネルギー貯蔵システムを、それらの本質的な間欠性を軽減するために開発するべきである。そのコスト(1キロワット-時間あたりの米ドル($ kWh-1))および長時間寿命が、大規模エネルギー貯蔵の長所の最大の姿である。現在は、揚水式水力発電は、電力網によるエネルギー貯蔵市場で優勢である。なぜならそれは、長期(約50年間)にわたって大量のエネルギーを貯蔵するために安価な方法(約$100kWh-1)であるからである。しかし、それは、適切な場所の欠如および環境フットプリントによって制限されている。圧縮空気エネルギー貯蔵およびフライホイールエネルギー貯蔵のような他の技術は、いくつかの異なる利点を示すが、それらの比較的低い効率および高コストは、電力網による貯蔵のために大きく改善されるべきである。充電式バッテリーは、大規模エネルギー貯蔵のための低コスト、高容量かつ高い信頼性のシステムを目標とする大きな機会を提供する。バッテリー技術の代表としては、鉛蓄電池、レドックスフロー電池、リチウムイオンバッテリー、ナトリウム硫黄電池および液体金属電池が挙げられる;しかし、これらの技術は、種々の未解決課題に起因して、大きな公益事業市場の全体的な経済的基準をほとんど満たすことはできない。電力網による貯蔵に関して$100kWh-1という米国エネルギー省(DOE)目標を達成するために、改善されたバッテリー技術および進歩した材料は非常に望ましいが、非常に難題である。
いくつかの実施形態において、金属-水素バッテリーは、(1)第1の電極、(2)第2の電極、および(3)上記第1の電極と上記第2の電極との間に配置された電解質を含む。上記第2の電極は、上記第2の電極において水素放出反応および水素酸化反応の両方を触媒するように二元機能触媒を含む。
図22は、いくつかの実施形態に従う金属-水素バッテリー100の模式図を示す。その金属-水素バッテリー100は、第1の電極102、第2の電極104、その第1の電極102とその第2の電極104との間に配置されたセパレーター106、およびその第1の電極102とその第2の電極104との間に配置された電解質108を含む。
本発明の好ましい実施形態によれば、例えば、以下が提供される。
(項1)
金属-水素バッテリーであって、該金属-水素バッテリーは、
第1の電極;
第2の電極;および
該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に配置された電解質、
を含み、ここで該第2の電極は、該第2の電極において水素放出反応および水素酸化反応の両方を触媒するように二元機能触媒を含む、金属-水素バッテリー。
(項2)
前記第2の電極は、導電性基材および該導電性基材を覆うコーティングを含み、該コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒を含む、上記項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項3)
前記導電性基材は多孔性である、上記項2に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項4)
前記導電性基材は、発泡金属または発泡合金を含む、上記項2に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項5)
前記二元機能触媒は、ニッケル-モリブデン-コバルト合金を含む、上記項2に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項6)
前記コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒のナノ構造体を含む、上記項2に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項7)
前記第1の電極は、導電性基材および該導電性基材を覆うコーティングを含み、該コーティングは、遷移金属を含むレドックス反応性材料を含む、上記項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項8)
前記導電性基材は多孔性である、上記項7に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項9)
前記導電性基材は、発泡金属または発泡合金を含む、上記項7に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項10)
前記遷移金属はニッケルである、上記項7に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項11)
前記遷移金属はコバルトである、上記項7に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項12)
前記遷移金属はマンガンである、上記項7に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項13)
前記コーティングは、前記レドックス反応性材料のマイクロ構造体を含む、上記項7に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項14)
前記第1の電極は、遷移金属を含む金属箔を含む、上記項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項15)
前記電解質は水性電解質である、上記項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項16)
前記電解質はアルカリ性である、上記項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項17)
前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、および前記電解質が内部に配置される囲いをさらに含み、該囲いは、入口バルブ、該入口バルブに流体接続されている入口、出口バルブ、および該出口バルブに流体接続されている出口を含む、上記項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項18)
水素ガスを貯蔵するための貯蔵タンク、および前記出口と、前記出口バルブを経て、該貯蔵タンクとの間で流体接続されるポンプをさらに含む、上記項17に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項19)
金属-水素バッテリーであって、該金属-水素バッテリーは、
遷移金属を含むレドックス反応性材料を含むカソード;
遷移金属合金を含む二元機能触媒を含む触媒性水素アノード;および
該カソードと該触媒性水素アノードとの間に配置されたアルカリ性電解質、
を含む金属-水素バッテリー。
(項20)
前記遷移金属合金は、ニッケル-モリブデン-コバルト合金である、上記項19に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項21)
前記触媒性水素アノードは、導電性基材および該導電性基材を覆うコーティングを含み、該コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒のナノ構造体を含む、上記項19に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
(項22)
触媒性水素電極の製造方法であって、該製造方法は、
導電性基材および該導電性基材と接触した状態にある析出溶液を提供する工程であって、ここで該析出溶液は、二元機能触媒の前駆物質を含む工程;ならびに
電着を行って、該導電性基材を覆う該二元機能触媒のコーティングを形成する工程、
を包含する製造方法。
(項23)
前記析出溶液は、ニッケル含有前駆物質、モリブデン含有前駆物質、およびコバルト含有前駆物質を含む、上記項22に記載の製造方法。
(項24)
前記コーティングは、前記二元機能触媒のナノ構造体を含む、上記項22に記載の製造方法。
Claims (18)
- 金属-水素バッテリーであって、該金属-水素バッテリーは、
第1の電極;
充電の際に水素ガスを生成させそして放電の際に水素ガスを酸化させる第2の電極;および
該第1の電極と該第2の電極との間に配置された電解質、
を含み、
ここで、該第2の電極は、該第2の電極において水素放出反応および水素酸化反応の両方を触媒するように、第2の導電性基材および該第2の導電性基材上に配置された二元機能触媒を含み、
ここで、該二元機能触媒は、ニッケル-モリブデン-コバルト合金を含み、そして相互連絡したナノ粒子の形態であり、該相互連絡したナノ粒子の間に形成されたナノ孔を有する、
金属-水素バッテリー。 - 前記第2の電極は、前記第2の導電性基材を覆う第2のコーティングを含み、該第2のコーティングは、前記二元機能触媒を含む、請求項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第2の導電性基材は多孔性である、請求項2に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第2の導電性基材は、発泡金属または発泡合金を含む、請求項2に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の電極は、第1の導電性基材および該第1の導電性基材を覆う第1のコーティングを含み、該第1のコーティングは、遷移金属を含むレドックス反応性材料を含む、請求項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の導電性基材は多孔性である、請求項5に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の導電性基材は、発泡金属または発泡合金を含む、請求項5に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の導電性基材は、金属メッシュまたは金属合金メッシュを含む、請求項5に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記遷移金属はニッケルである、請求項6に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記遷移金属はコバルトである、請求項6に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記遷移金属はマンガンである、請求項6に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1のコーティングは、前記レドックス反応性材料のマイクロ構造体を含む、請求項6に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の電極は、遷移金属を含む金属箔を含む、請求項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記電解質は水性電解質である、請求項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記電解質はアルカリ性である、請求項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極、および前記電解質が内部に配置される囲いをさらに含み、該囲いは、入口バルブ、該入口バルブに流体接続されている入口、出口バルブ、および該出口バルブに流体接続されている出口を含む、請求項1に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 水素ガスを貯蔵するための貯蔵タンク、および前記出口と、前記出口バルブを経て、該貯蔵タンクとの間で流体接続されるポンプをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の金属-水素バッテリー。
- 金属-水素バッテリーであって、該金属-水素バッテリーは、
遷移金属を含むレドックス反応性材料を含むカソード;
導電性基材および該導電性基材上に配置された二元機能触媒を含む触媒性水素アノードであって、ここで、該二元機能触媒がニッケル-モリブデン-コバルト合金を含みそして相互連絡したナノ粒子の形態であり、該相互連絡したナノ粒子の間に形成されたナノ孔を有し、ここで、該触媒性水素アノードが、充電の際に水素ガスを生成させそして放電の際に水素ガスを酸化させる、触媒性水素アノード;および
該カソードと該触媒性水素アノードとの間に配置されたアルカリ性電解質、
を含む金属-水素バッテリー。
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EP3665739B1 (en) | 2024-05-22 |
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