JP2020505093A - 経腹膜蒸気焼灼システム及び方法 - Google Patents
経腹膜蒸気焼灼システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年1月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/443、555号に対する優先権の利益を主張するものであり、この文献は引用により本明細書に組み入れられる。
大量の蒸気をBPHシステムよりも高い割合で長い時間にわたって送出できる癌蒸気治療システムの要件としては、より多くの総滅菌水量に十分な電力を供給することが挙げられる。図1A〜図1Bのシステムは、300〜600kHzの範囲の周波数で最大500ワットのRF電力を供給することができる。
図3A〜図3Bに示す蒸気発生送出ハンドル106は、ハンドル部分150と、治療送出ボタン152と、蒸気送出針のためのルアー継手154と、蒸気発生送出ハンドルをRF発生器に接続するケーブル及びコネクタ156を含む。図3Bに示すように、蒸気発生送出ハンドルは、更に、加熱素子158と、患者内に配置される針に取付けられるルアー継手を含み、加熱素子158は、押出し加工された高温PFA絶縁体を含むリッツ線のRFコイルと、インコネル(登録商標)625の内側コイルと、コイル及び出口用の熱電対を有する。
前立腺癌蒸気送出針は、会陰を穿刺し、前立腺被膜を穿刺して、会陰組織を焼灼することなしに前立腺のみに蒸気を送出する必要がある。本発明では、会陰組織に隣接した針の部分を絶縁し、先端を包囲する組織の電気的特性を測定して、蒸気を送出する前に針が前立腺組織内に存在することを検証することによってこれらの要件に対処する。
前立腺癌の蒸気治療を行う場合、医師は、患者の前立腺の周辺領域及び/又は移行領域内に蒸気送出針の先端を配置する必要がある。これを行うために、患者の会陰に針を挿通し、超音波ガイダンスを利用して、適切な前立腺領域への操縦を行う。場合によっては、針を適所に配置し、治療を行い、針を前立腺の先端部に向けて引戻し又は前立腺の基部に向けて押進め、その後に別の治療を行うように、単一の針を用いて複数回の蒸気治療を行う。このプロセスを、針の軸の周囲に連続する治療済み組織の領域が形成されるまで繰返す。
本発明は、蒸気送出針の先端に電極を組込む。電極間に高周波電流を流し、結果として生じる電極間の電圧、並びに電圧と電流との間の位相シフトを測定する。これらの測定は、針の先端を包囲する組織の性質に依存する。組織は、その内容に応じて電気的に抵抗性及び/又は電気的に容量性となり得る。具体的には、この測定によって前立腺組織が周囲組織と区別され、蒸気の送出前に蒸気送出針が前立腺内に存在するという明確な判断が可能になる。
図4Cに、治療中に蒸気を放出する4つの放出孔を3列有する蒸気送出針の先端123を示す。この先端は、それ自体がバイオコンデンサー測定のための第1の電極である。第2の電極は、PTFE絶縁体182の部分によって針の先端から電気的に分離されたリング電極180である。絶縁されたニッケルワイヤがこの電極に溶接され、針の長さにわたって延びる。蒸気針アセンブリの内部では、これらの2つの電極が、雄型MMCXコネクタにおいて終端するMMCV同軸ケーブルの6”セグメントにはんだ付けされる。蒸気針は、8’MMCX同軸延長ケーブル及びMMXCからN型へのアダプタ(MMXC to N−type adapter)を介してシステム発生器(system generator)内のベクトル電圧計回路に接続される。この回路は、1〜100MHzで変動できる周波数の交流電流を供給し、初期周波数掃引を行って前立腺内の組織と前立腺の外側の組織の間のインピーダンスと位相のコントラストを最適化する作動周波数を決定する。インピーダンス振幅及び位相は、システムコンピュータにおいて分析されるベクトル電圧計回路の出力である。
図1Bに示す尿道冷却カテーテル110は、先端が膀胱内に至るまで尿道に挿通される。10ccシリンジを介して固定バルーン113を生理食塩水で膨らませて先端を係止する。カテーテルを引戻して、固定バルーン113を膀胱壁の内部に係合させる。これらのステップは、フォーリーカテーテルの挿入と同様である。
蒸気治療は、前治療MRI及び/又は超音波画像、並びに前立腺の生検に基づいて事前に計画することができる。治療計画は、癌であると診断された前立腺の領域における蒸気送出針の配置を含む。個々の針は、所与の領域に複数回の治療投与を適用することができる。1つの経験則としては、蒸気治療を行った組織は、未治療の組織よりも超音波に対する透過性が低く、従ってその後の治療投与に対する最適な可視化を保証するために超音波トランスデューサから最も遠い組織を最初に治療することが挙げられる。
Claims (15)
- 患者の前立腺癌を治療する方法であって、
患者の尿道を尿道冷却カテーテルで冷却することと、
患者の前立腺に隣接した組織を、チルド流体の注入によって冷却することと、
前立腺をリアルタイムで撮像することと、
蒸気送出装置を前立腺内に経腹膜的に前進させることと、
蒸気を蒸気送出装置内で誘導的に発生させることと、
蒸気を前記蒸気送出装置から前立腺に送出することと、を含む方法。 - 更に、前記蒸気送出装置の遠位端のところの組織の第1の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトを測定することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 更に、測定した第1の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトに基づいて、前記遠位端が患者の前立腺に挿入されているかどうかを決定することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 更に、前記蒸気送出装置の遠位端よりも近位側の前記蒸気送出装置の一部分のところの組織の第2の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトを測定することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 更に、測定した第2の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトに基づいて、前記蒸気送出装置の遠位端よりも近位側の前記蒸気送出装置の前記一部分が患者の前立腺に挿入されているかどうかを決定することを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 更に、患者の会陰組織に隣接した前記蒸気送出装置の一部分を能動的に絶縁することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記一部分を能動的に絶縁することは、前記蒸気送出装置の細長いシャフトを包囲する複数の管内に絶縁空気空間を形成することを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 蒸気送出装置を前立腺内に配置する方法であって、
蒸気送出装置を前立腺内に経腹膜的に前進させることと、
前記蒸気送出装置の先端電極に接触する組織の第1の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトを測定することと、
前記蒸気送出装置のリング電極に接触する組織の第2の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトを測定することと、を含み、前記リング電極は、前記先端電極よりも近位側にあり、
更に、前記先端電極及び前記リング電極が前立腺内に配置されているかどうかを決定することと、
前記先端電極及び前記リング電極が前立腺内に配置されていれば、蒸気を前立腺に送出することと、を含む方法。 - 更に、1〜100MHzの周波数の交流電流を供給して、前立腺内の組織と前立腺の外側の組織との間のインピーダンスと位相のコントラストを最適化する作動周波数を決定することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 更に、前記先端電極及び前記リング電極が前立腺内に配置されていることの指示をユーザに提供することを含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 蒸気送出装置であって、
細長いシャフトと、
遠位端電極と、を有し、前記遠位端電極は、それに接触する組織の第1の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトを測定するように構成され、
更に、前記遠位端電極の近位側において前記細長いシャフトに配置されたリング電極を有し、前記リング電極は、それに接触する組織の第2の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトを測定するように構成され、
更に、前記遠位端電極と前記リング電極の間に配置された電気的絶縁部分と、
電子コントローラと、を有し、前記電子コントローラは、第1の電気インピーダンス、第2の電気インピーダンス及び位相シフトに基づいて、前記先端電極及び前記リング電極が前立腺内に配置されているかどうかを決定するように構成される、蒸気送出装置。 - 更に、回路を有し、前記回路は、前立腺内の組織と前立腺の外側の組織の間のインピーダンスと位相のコントラストを最適化する作動周波数を決定するために、1〜100MHzの周波数の交流電流を供給するように構成される、請求項11に記載の蒸気送出装置。
- 蒸気送出システムであって、
RF発生器コンソールと、
前記RF発生器コンソールに挿入されるように構成されたシリンジと、を含み、前記シリンジは、シリンジハンドルと、プランジャと、前記シリンジハンドル上に配置されたハンドル磁石と、前記プランジャ内に配置されたプランジャ磁石を含み、
更に、前記シリンジに結合された流体源と、
前記RF発生器内に配置された発生器磁石と、を含み、前記発生器磁石は、前記プランジャ磁石を前進させたり後退させたりするように前記プランジャ磁石と整列するように構成され、
前記RF発生器コンソールは、前記発生器磁石を前進させたり後退させたりすることによって、前記流体源からの流体を前記シリンジに自動的に補充するように構成される、蒸気送出システム。 - 更に、前記流体源から前記シリンジ内に流体を流すことを可能にするように構成された一方向逆止弁を含む、請求項13に記載の蒸気送出システム。
- 更に、前記シリンジから前記蒸気送出装置に流体を流すことを可能にするように構成された第2の一方向逆止弁を含む、請求項14に記載の蒸気送出システム。
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