JP2020194792A - 特性が変化するナノ複合電池電極粒子 - Google Patents
特性が変化するナノ複合電池電極粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020194792A JP2020194792A JP2020139694A JP2020139694A JP2020194792A JP 2020194792 A JP2020194792 A JP 2020194792A JP 2020139694 A JP2020139694 A JP 2020139694A JP 2020139694 A JP2020139694 A JP 2020139694A JP 2020194792 A JP2020194792 A JP 2020194792A
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007981 Si-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008316 Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008449 SnF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003526 Sr—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004305 Tc—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004339 Ti-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010978 Ti—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008938 W—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009257 Y—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007735 Zr—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IYOHHZVNHNCZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].FOF Chemical compound [Fe].FOF IYOHHZVNHNCZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIVGXUNKSAJJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[P] Chemical compound [Si].[P] HIVGXUNKSAJJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTFOWJRRWDOUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si]=O.[Sn] Chemical compound [Si]=O.[Sn] BTFOWJRRWDOUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPNGSXQUQIUWKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth;fluoro hypofluorite Chemical compound [Bi].FOF IPNGSXQUQIUWKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LVEULQCPJDDSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium fluoride Chemical compound F[Cd]F LVEULQCPJDDSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Co]F YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZACMZEXSXVCAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoro oxalate;lithium Chemical compound [Li].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF ZACMZEXSXVCAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L difluorolead Chemical compound F[Pb]F FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium Chemical compound [Li][Li] SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150008103 hal gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- AHKHZLVXUVZTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium dihydrogen phosphate oxalic acid Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] AHKHZLVXUVZTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PEXNRZDEKZDXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium selenidolithium Chemical compound [Li][Se][Li] PEXNRZDEKZDXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKWAQTFPHUTRMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium telluride Chemical compound [Li][Te][Li] GKWAQTFPHUTRMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SRVINXWCFNHIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K manganese(iii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[Mn+3] SRVINXWCFNHIQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021518 metal oxyhydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011834 metal-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ni]F DBJLJFTWODWSOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150100677 polo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011827 silicon-based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Sn+4] YUOWTJMRMWQJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/388—Halogens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/582—Halogenides
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Abstract
Description
本特許出願は、2015年10月13日出願の「特性が変化するナノ複合電池電極粒子(Nanocomposite Battery Electrode Particles with Changing Properties)」と題する米国特許出願第14/882,166号、および2014年10月14日出願の「半径に沿って特性が変化するナノ複合電池電極粒子(Nanocomposite Battery Electrode Particles with Properties Changing Along their Radii)」と題する米国仮特許出願第62/063,493号に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、これらの出願はそれぞれ、参照によって全体が本出願に明示的に組み込まれる。
本開示は概してエネルギー貯蔵装置、より詳細には、粉末ベースの電極などを活用した電池技術に関する。
電気化学エネルギー貯蔵技術は、広範囲に及ぶ重要な用途、いくつかの例を挙げると、エネルギー効率の良い産業用機器、電動型およびハイブリッド電動型の輸送手段(陸上用車両、航空機および船舶を含む)、送電網ならびに家庭用電化製品などの用途に役立つ。リチウムイオン(Liイオン)電池など先進的な金属イオン電池は、一部ではエネルギー密度が比較的高く軽量で長期間にわたり使用できる潜在性があることから、現在、家庭用電化製品および電動型輸送手段の用途で支配的である。しかしながら、様々な種類の電池のさらなる開発および改善が必要とされている。
Claims (18)
- 複合粒子を含む電池電極組成物であって、
各前記複合粒子が、
電池作動中にイオンを貯蔵および放出するように設けられ、(i)正極活物質として少なくとも220mAh/gの比容量、または(ii)負極活物質として少なくとも400mAh/gの比容量を示す、高容量活物質と、
前記活物質が配置される細孔を有する、多孔質の導電性骨格マトリクス材料と、
前記活物質および前記骨格マトリクス材料を少なくとも部分的に包囲するシェルと、
を含み、
前記骨格マトリクス材料が、(i)炭素、(ii)伝導性ポリマー、または(iii)セラミック材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含み、
各前記複合粒子が、前記骨格マトリクス材料中において、前記骨格マトリクス材料の中心から周縁にかけて変化している少なくとも1つの平均材料特性を示し、
前記平均材料特性が以下のものを含み、
(i)前記骨格マトリクス材料の材料組成;
(ii)前記骨格マトリクス材料の、機械的強度、機械的安定性、靱性、硬度を含む機械特性;
(iii)前記中心から前記周縁に向かって低下する、前記骨格マトリクス材料内の欠陥の濃度または不規則度;
(iv)前記骨格マトリクス材料の平均細孔サイズ;
(v)前記骨格マトリクス材料の細孔配向;
(vi)前記骨格マトリクス材料に対する前記活物質の容積分率;
(vii)前記活物質の材料組成;
(viii)前記複合粒子の密度;
前記(iii)においては、前記欠陥の濃度が高い部分で前記活物質の堆積による核形成が促進される、電池電極組成物。 - 前記活物質が、負極活物質であり、かつシリコンを含む、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記活物質が、正極活物質であり、かつフッ素を含む、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記骨格マトリクス材料が炭素を含む、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが、前記活物質により貯蔵および放出される前記イオンに対して透過性であり、かつ、前記活物質と電解質溶媒との間にバリアを形成する、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記機械特性が、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁と比較して、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁よりも前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心の近くにおいて、より低い弾性係数またはより低い硬度を有する、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記平均細孔サイズが、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁と比較して、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁よりも前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心の近くで大きくなる、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記平均細孔サイズが、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心と前記周縁との間に位置する前記骨格マトリクスの中間領域と比較して、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁よりも前記中心に近い第1領域および前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心よりも前記周縁に近い第2領域で大きくなる、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記骨格マトリクス材料粒子の前記中心での前記平均細孔サイズが2nmから100nmの範囲である、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記材料組成が、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁よりも前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心の近くにより多く集中する第1の活物質と、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心よりも前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁の近くにより多く集中する第2の活物質とを含み、
前記第1の活物質が前記第2の活物質より高いエネルギー密度を有する、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。 - 前記密度が、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁と比較して、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記周縁よりも前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心の近くで高い、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが、80℃超の温度で導電性またはイオン伝導性が減少する感熱性材料で形成される、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 各前記複合粒子が、1nmから500nmの範囲の高低差を有する表面粗度を示す、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- 前記シェルが、伝導性炭素シェルである、請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物。
- イオン透過性の負極電極および正極電極であり、該電極のうち少なくとも1つが請求項1に記載の電池電極組成物を含む、電極と、
前記負極電極および正極電極をイオン的につなぐ電解質と、
前記負極電極および正極電極を電気的に分離するセパレーターと
を含む金属イオン電池。 - 複合粒子を含む電池電極組成物の製造方法であって、
電池作動中にイオンを貯蔵および放出するための高容量活物質であり、該活物質が(i)正極活物質として少なくとも220mAh/gの比容量、または、(ii)負極活物質として少なくとも400mAh/gの比容量を示す高容量活物質を、用意するステップと、
前記活物質が配置される細孔を有する、多孔質の導電性骨格マトリクス材料を形成するステップと、
前記活物質および前記骨格マトリクス材料を少なくとも部分的に包囲するシェルを形成するステップと、を含み、
各前記複合粒子が、前記骨格マトリクス材料中において、前記骨格マトリクス材料の中心から周縁にかけて変化する少なくとも1つの平均材料特性を伴って形成され、
前記骨格マトリクス材料の中心から周縁にかけて変化する前記平均材料特性が、以下のものを含み、
(i)前記骨格マトリクス材料の材料組成;
(ii)前記骨格マトリクス材料の機械特性;
(iii)前記中心から前記周縁に向かって低下する、前記骨格マトリクス材料内の欠陥の濃度または不規則度;
(iv)前記骨格マトリクス材料の平均細孔サイズ;
(v)前記骨格マトリクス材料の細孔配向;
(vi)前記骨格マトリクス材料に対する前記活物質の容積分率;
(vii)前記活物質の材料組成;
(viii)前記複合粒子の密度、
前記(iii)においては、前記欠陥の濃度が高い部分で前記活物質の堆積による核形成が促進される、方法。 - 前記骨格マトリクス材料を形成するステップが、前記骨格マトリクス材料内に1つまたは複数の官能基を、前記骨格マトリクス材料の前記中心から前記周縁にかけて変化する分布を伴って導入するステップを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記骨格マトリクス材料を形成するステップが、前記活物質を前記骨格マトリクス材料に浸透させるステップを含む請求項16に記載の方法。
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US20220077462A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
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