JP2020039313A - Cultivation method of low temperature sensitive plants - Google Patents
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本発明は、ラナンキュラスやアネモネなどの低温感応性植物の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for cultivating low-temperature-sensitive plants such as ranunculus and anemone.
「低温感応性」とは、低温に遭遇することで花芽が形成される性質である。低温感応の温度は０〜１５℃の範囲にあるとされるが、種類によって適温は異なる。種子低温感応型は、種子の吸水直後から低温に感応するもので、対象となる低温感応性植物としては、サクランボ、その他の果樹や、チューリップ、リシアンサス、カンパニュラ類などが含まれる。
ところで、低温感応が完結した後には温暖長日によって花茎が伸長し、抽だいするものが多い。
抽だい抑制のためには、花芽分化を抑制することが必要であり、温室、ハウスなどでは昼間高温のため、夜間の低温の作用を消去する脱春化が行われることが多い。
低温感応性は長日との組み合わせやジベレリン施与処理によって高まることが多いが、その生理的な機構については明らかではない。
これまで、低温感応性植物の種子を低温処理して発芽させることについては、種々、農業書などで提案されてはいるが、これと発芽後の栽培方法とを組み合わせる農業技術については、ほとんど提案されてはいない。
"Low temperature sensitivity" is a property in which flower buds are formed when a low temperature is encountered. The low-temperature sensitive temperature is assumed to be in the range of 0 to 15 ° C., but the appropriate temperature varies depending on the type. The seed low-temperature sensitive type is one that responds to low temperature immediately after water absorption of the seed. Examples of the low-temperature-sensitive plant to be targeted include cherries, other fruit trees, tulips, lithianthus, and campanulas.
By the way, after the low-temperature response is completed, the flower stalks elongate due to a warm long day, and many of them are drawn out.
In order to suppress bolting, it is necessary to suppress flower bud differentiation. In a greenhouse, a house, or the like, since the temperature is high in the daytime, despring is often performed to eliminate the effect of the low temperature in the night.
The low-temperature sensitivity is often enhanced by combination with long days or gibberellin application treatment, but its physiological mechanism is not clear.
Until now, various methods for germinating seeds of low-temperature-sensitive plants by low-temperature treatment have been proposed in agricultural books, but most of the agricultural techniques that combine this with cultivation methods after germination have been proposed. Not been.
一方、近年、ナノバブル発生装置により得られたナノバブル水を使用し、例えば、ヒラメ、フグ、エビ、貝等の魚介類（動植物）や、蔬菜類を栽培する方法が開発されている（例えば特許文献１）。
ナノバブル水は、直径がナノメートル単位の微細な気泡を含む水である。このように気泡体積が微小であるため、上昇速度が遅く、長い間水中に気泡が滞在し続けることにより、高い溶存酸素量が得られる。その結果、魚介類の酸素欠乏が防止され、かつ魚病の原因となる嫌気性菌が減少して魚介の生産性が高まり、また水中の懸濁物の浮上、養殖槽の底のヘドロの浮上などの効果も得られるうえ、蔬菜類の成長を促進する効果が得られる。
On the other hand, in recent years, a method of cultivating fish and shellfish (animals and plants) such as flounder, puffer fish, shrimp, shellfish, and vegetables using nanobubble water obtained by a nanobubble generator (for example, Patent Documents) 1).
Nanobubble water is water containing fine bubbles with a diameter of nanometer units. As described above, since the bubble volume is very small, the rising speed is low, and the bubbles remain in the water for a long time, so that a high dissolved oxygen amount can be obtained. As a result, oxygen depletion of fish and shellfish is prevented, anaerobic bacteria causing fish disease are reduced, and the productivity of fish and shellfish is increased, floating of suspended matter in water, floating of sludge at the bottom of the culture tank, etc. And the effect of promoting the growth of vegetables.
本発明は、低温感応性植物の種、苗や球根を低温処理することにより、当該種、苗や球根の春化を促進させて、季節を問わずに、当該低温感応性植物の種、苗や球根を発芽させるとともに、当該植物の成長期に微小気泡水を散水することにより、発芽した当該植物の成長を促進するとともに、必要に応じて、その成長をコントロールすることが可能な、低温感応性植物の栽培方法を提供することにある。 The present invention provides low-temperature-sensitive plant seeds, seedlings and bulbs at a low temperature to promote vernalization of the seeds, seedlings and bulbs, regardless of the season, regardless of the season. And germinating bulbs, and spraying microbubble water during the growing period of the plant to promote the growth of the germinated plant and control the growth as needed. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a sex plant.
本発明は、以下の請求項１〜５により構成される。
＜請求項１＞
低温貯蔵庫内で、低温感応性植物の種、苗あるいは球根を、０〜１５℃で、２０日〜４５日間、低温処理し、発芽させ育苗した苗を、ハウス内の圃場に定植したのち、微小気泡水を散水することを特徴とする、低温感応性植物の栽培方法。
＜請求項２＞
冷蔵庫内での低温処理時においても、微小気泡水を散水する、請求項１記載の低温感応性植物の栽培方法。
＜請求項３＞
低温感応性植物の種、苗や球根が、ラナンキュラス、アネモネ、チューリップ、リシアンサス、およびカンパニュラの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の球根、あるいは、サクランボ、ビワ、およびナシの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の果樹苗である、請求項１または２記載の低温感応性植物の栽培方法。
＜請求項４＞
前記微小気泡水が、ナノバブル水である、請求項１〜３いずれかに記載の低温感応性植物の栽培方法。
＜請求項５＞
ハウス内に定植後、ハウス内の温度が高い場合には、冷房機器でハウス内の温度を下げ、ハウス内の温度が高温の場合には、冷房機器で温度を下げることにより、ハウス内の温度を５〜２５℃に保持する、請求項１〜４いずれかに記載の低温感応性植物の栽培方法。
The present invention is constituted by the following claims 1 to 5.
<Claim 1>
In a low-temperature storage, seeds, seedlings or bulbs of low-temperature-sensitive plants are subjected to low-temperature treatment at 0 to 15 ° C for 20 days to 45 days, and germinated and raised seedlings are planted in a field in a house. A method for cultivating a low-temperature-sensitive plant, which comprises spraying bubbled water.
<Claim 2>
The method for cultivating a low-temperature-sensitive plant according to claim 1, wherein the microbubble water is sprayed even during the low-temperature treatment in the refrigerator.
<Claim 3>
The seed, seedling or bulb of the cold-sensitive plant is at least one bulb selected from the group of ranunculus, anemone, tulip, lisianthus, and campanula, or at least one bulb selected from the group of cherry, loquat, and pear. The method for cultivating a cold-sensitive plant according to claim 1 or 2, which is a seedling of a seed.
<Claim 4>
The method for cultivating a low-temperature-sensitive plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microbubble water is nanobubble water.
<Claim 5>
After planting in the house, if the temperature in the house is high, the temperature in the house is lowered by cooling equipment, and if the temperature in the house is high, the temperature in the house is lowered by cooling equipment. The method for cultivating a low-temperature-sensitive plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the temperature is maintained at 5 to 25 ° C.
本発明では、まず低温感応性植物の種、苗や球根を、低温貯蔵庫内で０〜１５℃で、２０日〜４５日間低温処理することにより、当該種子類の春化を促す。これにより、季節を問わず、低温感応性植物の種子類の発芽が準備される。そして、当該貯蔵庫内で育苗した種、苗や球根を、ハウス内の圃場に定植するとともに、本葉以降の植物の成長期に、微小気泡水を散水することにより、成長を促進させることができるとともに、植物の増収が飛躍的に向上する。
また、ハウス内で栽培を行う際に、ハウス内が、高温のときには冷房機器で温度を下げ、低温時には暖房機器で温め、ハウス内の温度を５〜２５℃に保つことにより、花卉などを長く新鮮に保つことができ、市場価値が極めて高いものとなる。
In the present invention, first, the seeds, seedlings, and bulbs of the low-temperature-sensitive plant are subjected to low-temperature treatment in a low-temperature storage at 0 to 15 ° C. for 20 to 45 days to promote vernalization of the seeds. Thereby, germination of seeds of the cold-sensitive plant is prepared regardless of the season. Then, the seeds, seedlings and bulbs grown in the storage can be planted in a field in the house, and at the growth stage of the plants after the true leaves, the growth can be promoted by spraying microbubble water. At the same time, the increase in plant sales will dramatically improve.
Also, when cultivating in a house, when the temperature in the house is high, the temperature is lowered by a cooling device, and when the temperature is low, the temperature is heated by a heating device. It can be kept fresh and has a very high market value.
本発明において、低温感応性植物とは、低温に遭遇することで花芽が形成される性質を有する植物である。低温感応の温度は０〜１５℃の範囲にあるとされるが、種類によって適温は異なる。種子低温感応型は、種子の吸水直後から低温に感応するものである。
このような、低温感応性植物としては、ラナンキュラス、アネモネ、チューリップ、チューリップ、リシアンサス、カンパニュラなどの球根が挙げられる。
また、低温感応性果樹としては、サクランボ、ビワ、ナシなどの苗が挙げられる。
In the present invention, a low-temperature-sensitive plant is a plant that has the property of forming flower buds when it encounters a low temperature. The low-temperature sensitive temperature is assumed to be in the range of 0 to 15 ° C., but the appropriate temperature varies depending on the type. The seed low-temperature sensitive type is sensitive to a low temperature immediately after water absorption of the seed.
Such low-temperature-sensitive plants include bulbs such as ranunculus, anemone, tulip, tulip, lisianthus, and campanula.
In addition, examples of the low temperature sensitive fruit tree include seedlings such as cherry, loquat, and pear.
本発明では、これらの低温感応性植物の種、苗や球根を、冷蔵庫、低温倉庫などの低温貯蔵庫において、０〜１５℃、好ましくは５〜１５℃の低温下で、２０日〜４５日の間、低温処理（春化処理）して、発芽を促進させるとともに、その後、育苗する。
この間、後記するような微小気泡水（ナノバブル水）を適宜、散水して苗に対して、水分を補給することが好ましい。育苗中に、ナノバブル水を散水すると、育苗が促進されて、通常よりも苗が大きく、さらに育苗期間も、１割程度、短くすることができる。
In the present invention, the seeds, seedlings and bulbs of these low-temperature-sensitive plants are stored in a low-temperature storage such as a refrigerator or a low-temperature warehouse at 0 to 15 ° C., preferably at a low temperature of 5 to 15 ° C. for 20 to 45 days. In the meantime, low temperature treatment (vernalization treatment) is performed to promote germination, and then seedlings are raised.
During this time, it is preferable to supply water to the seedlings by appropriately spraying microbubble water (nanobubble water) as described later. Sprinkling the nanobubble water during the raising of the seedlings promotes the raising of the seedlings, so that the seedlings are larger than usual and the seedling raising period can be shortened by about 10%.
低温貯蔵庫で低温処理（春化処理）され、育苗された苗は、通常、本葉が出た段階で、ハウス内の圃場に定植される。
本発明の特徴は、このように低温貯蔵庫で発芽、育苗された苗をハウス内の圃場で栽培する際、ナノバブル水を散水するとともに、必要に応じて、ハウス内の栽培温度を適宜管理することにある。
Seedlings that have been subjected to low-temperature treatment (vernalization treatment) in a low-temperature storage are usually planted in a field in a house when their true leaves have emerged.
The feature of the present invention is that when germinating seedlings in the low-temperature storage and cultivating the seedlings cultivated in the field in the house, the nanobubble water is sprinkled and, if necessary, the cultivation temperature in the house is appropriately controlled. It is in.
ここで、「ナノバブル」とは、直径が１ｍｍの５，０００分の1ほどの、目には見えない小さな泡であり、通常、直径が２００ナノメートルよりも小さい泡であって、通常の大きさの泡と異なり、数カ月にわたって消えることがない。このような、ナノバブル水は、水の中でマイクロバブルを圧壊(衝撃波によって急激に潰すこと)させることで発生させることができる。ナノバブルは目には見えず、空気や酸素含む水で作ったナノバブルを含む水は無色透明になる。 Here, the “nanobubble” is a small bubble that is invisible to the naked eye, having a diameter of about 1 / 5,000 of 1 mm, and is usually a bubble having a diameter smaller than 200 nanometers and a normal size. Unlike Sanobu, it does not disappear for months. Such nanobubble water can be generated by crushing (rapidly crushing by a shock wave) microbubbles in water. Nanobubbles are invisible, and water containing nanobubbles made from air or water containing oxygen becomes colorless and transparent.
この微小気泡水（ナノバブル水）の発生装置の具体例は、本発明者が先に提案した実用新案登録第３０８８５０号公報の「微小気泡水による動植物陸上生育設備」を用いることができる。
すなわち、このようなナノバブル水の製造装置としては、上記の実案にあるように、「動物または植物の生育を行う動植物生育場付近の屋外に付設された微小気泡水槽と、該微小気泡水槽に設けられ、水面下で微小気泡を発生させる微小気泡発生機と、前記微小気泡水槽から前記動植物生育場に前記微小気泡水を供給する給水配管と、該微小気泡水槽の上面開口を開閉自在に塞ぐ遮光性カバー材とを備えたことを特徴とする微小気泡水による動植物陸上生育設備」（同実案の請求項１）があげられ、これを用いて製造されたナノバブル水をもちいて、ハウス内の圃場に適宜散水すればよい。
なお、ハウス内へのナノバブル水の散水量は、栽培される低温感応性植物の種類や生育状況、天候などにより異なり、一律に定められるものではない。
As a specific example of the device for generating microbubble water (nanobubble water), a “plant and plant terrestrial growth facility using microbubble water” described in Utility Model Registration No. 308850 previously proposed by the present inventors can be used.
That is, as such a nanobubble water producing apparatus, as described in the above-mentioned invention, `` a microbubble water tank attached to the outdoors near an animal or plant nursery where animals or plants grow, and the microbubble water tank A microbubble generator for generating microbubbles below the surface of the water, a water supply pipe for supplying the microbubble water from the microbubble water tank to the animal and plant nursery, and a top opening of the microbubble water tank is opened and closed. A land and plant for growing plants and animals using microbubble water, which is provided with a light-shielding cover material (Claim 1 of the same model). It is only necessary to sprinkle water appropriately on the field.
The amount of nanobubble water sprayed into the house varies depending on the type of cold-sensitive plant to be cultivated, the growth status, the weather, and the like, and is not determined uniformly.
また、本発明では、低温感応性植物の種、苗や球根を育苗した苗を、ハウス内に定植後、ハウス内の温度が高い場合には、冷房機器でハウス内の温度を下げ、ハウス内の温度が高温の場合には、冷房機器で温度を下げることにより、ハウス内の温度を５〜２５℃、好ましくは２０〜２５℃に保持することにより、植物の生育を遅らせたり、早めたりすることが可能となる。
例えば、低温感応性植物の定植後、春先から夏にかけてハウス内の温度が上がり、生育が早まるような場合には、冷房機器でハウス内の温度を下げることにより、生育期間を長くずらしたり、花の開花を遅らせたり、果樹苗をゆっくり生育させたりすることができる。
また、秋から冬にかけてハウス内の温度が下がる場合には、暖房機器を用いて、ハウス内の温度を上げることにより、植物の生育速度を速めたり、開花時期を早めたりすることができる。
ハウス内の温度は、通常、年間を通して、５〜２５℃程度に調整することが好ましい。
Further, according to the present invention, after planting seedlings, seedlings and bulbs of low-temperature-sensitive plants grown in a house, if the temperature in the house is high, the temperature in the house is reduced by a cooling device, and the temperature in the house is reduced. If the temperature is high, the temperature of the house is kept at 5 to 25 ° C., preferably 20 to 25 ° C. by lowering the temperature with a cooling device, thereby delaying or accelerating the growth of the plant. It becomes possible.
For example, if the temperature inside the house rises from early spring to summer after the planting of the low-temperature-sensitive plant and the growth speeds up, the growth period may be shifted longer by lowering the temperature inside the house with a cooling device, or flowers. Can delay the flowering of or grow fruit tree seedlings slowly.
Further, when the temperature in the house decreases from autumn to winter, the growth rate of the plant can be increased or the flowering time can be advanced by raising the temperature in the house using a heating device.
It is usually preferable to adjust the temperature in the house to about 5 to 25 ° C. throughout the year.
本発明によれば、低温処理（春化処理）を人為的に施すことにおり、春化時期を早めたり、遅らせたりすることができ、この際、発芽後、育苗期間に、好ましくはナノバブル水を散水することにより、苗が丈夫になり、かつ育苗期間が１割程度短縮させることができる。
また、ハウス内に苗を定植後、ナノバブル水を散水することにより、生育期間が１〜２割程度短縮されるとともに、低温感応性植物、例えば花卉類が１〜５割程度、増収することが可能である。
According to the present invention, the low-temperature treatment (vernalization treatment) is artificially performed, and the vernalization time can be advanced or delayed. At this time, after germination, the nanobubble water is preferably used during the seedling raising period. By watering the seedlings, the seedlings become strong and the seedling raising period can be shortened by about 10%.
Also, after planting seedlings in the house, by spraying nanobubble water, the growing period can be shortened by about 10 to 20%, and the yield of low-temperature-sensitive plants such as flowers can increase by about 10 to 50%. It is possible.
以下、実施例をあげて、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
実施例１（ラナンキュラスの栽培）
平成２９年８月３日に、ラナンキュラスの球根を自社農場内の低温貯蔵庫内で８℃、３５日間、低温処理したところ、１５日目に発芽した。これに、ナノバブル水を散水して、３５日間育苗した。
本葉が出たところで、同年９月１３日に、自社農場にあるハウス内の圃場に秘密裡に定植し、ナノバブル水を散水しながら、栽培を続けた。９月１３日より、夜間の気温を２０〜２５℃に冷房機器で抑え、同年１１月２５日頃より、開花が始まり、通常の栽培に比べて、１ケ月程度、前倒しで花を出荷することができた。
また、春の気温が上がり、冷房機器を用いて、ハウス内の温度を７〜１０℃程度に下げると、本年５月中旬まで開花させることができた。通常のラナンキュラスの栽培（開花）は、１月中旬から３月下旬までであるので、本発明によれば、通常栽培よりも開花時期が１か月くらいはやく開花させることができ、開花期間を１か月半程度延ばすことができた。
しかも、本発明の栽培方法では、単位面積あたりの出荷量が３割程度、増収であった。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Example 1 (cultivation of ranunculus)
On August 3, 2017, ranunculus bulbs were subjected to low-temperature treatment at 8 ° C. for 35 days in a low-temperature storage at the company farm, and germinated on the 15th day. To this, nanobubble water was sprinkled and seedlings were raised for 35 days.
When the true leaves came out, the plants were secretly planted on a field in a house on the company's own farm on September 13, the same year, and cultivation was continued while spraying nanobubble water. From September 13th, the temperature of the night was kept at 20-25 ° C with cooling equipment, and flowering began around November 25 of the same year, and it was possible to ship the flowers one month ahead of normal cultivation. did it.
Also, when the temperature in the spring rose and the temperature inside the house was reduced to about 7 to 10 ° C. using a cooling device, the flowers could be bloomed until mid-May this year. Since normal ranunculus cultivation (flowering) is performed from mid-January to late March, according to the present invention, the flowering time can be about one month earlier than normal cultivation, and the flowering period can be one month. It could be extended for about a month and a half.
Moreover, in the cultivation method of the present invention, the amount of shipment per unit area increased by about 30%.
本発明によれば、ラナンキュラス、アネモネなどの低温感応性植物の栽培に有用であり、この技術は、低温感応性植物である、その他の蔬菜類、花卉類の種、花卉類の球根や果樹苗の栽培にも適用可能である。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is useful for cultivation of low-temperature-sensitive plants such as ranunculus and anemone. It is also applicable to the cultivation of.
Claims (5)
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| JP2018170760A JP6779560B2 (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2018-09-12 | How to grow low temperature sensitive plants |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111436346A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-07-24 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所（福建省农业科学院蔗麻研究中心） | Improved method for lateral bulb propagation of narcissus |
| KR102215149B1 (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2021-02-10 | 주식회사 네이처농업회사법인 | Tulip flowering time adjustment method |
| CN112772339A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-11 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for inducing litsea cubeba to grow seed balls at low temperature |
| CN115428728A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-12-06 | 贵州罗甸赛德立斯农业科技发展有限公司 | Loquat cultivation method |
| WO2023016000A1 (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-02-16 | 安徽九华华源药业有限公司 | Thesium chinense turcz. seed propagation method |
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