JPH09275771A - Cultivation of tulip and apparatus for cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To remarkably reduce the man-hour required for cultivation and shorten the cultivation period by inserting bulbs into squares formed in a cultivation vessel and cultivating tulips. SOLUTION: A periderm at the bottom of each bulb 4 of a tulip which has been treated by cold storage and preserved is peeled, and a cultivation vessel 10, formed of plural sqaurelike structures having four sides partitioned with screens having meshes formed in the bottom thereof and filled with an aqueous solution in the bottom, is prepared. The bulb 4 is inserted into each square 12 formed in the cultivation vessel 10 to cultivate the tulip. The cultivation vessel 10 is preferably equipped with a detecting means for detecting a change in a cultivation environment and a controlling means for controlling the cultivation environment based on the results detected with a detecting means.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and a device for cultivating tulips.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tulips are extremely widely cultivated as flowers for horticulture, and are often planted at home or in the garden. It is said that there are several hundred types for commercial cultivation, and they are widely used for appreciation. On the other hand, some horticultural farmers cultivate them for commercial use in order to supply tulips to florists. Traditionally, tulip cultivation is usually planted directly on the ground (including greenhouse cultivation).

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a conventional cultivation method. A ridge 1 as shown in the figure is formed in a field, and a groove 2 is formed between the ridges. The width of the ridge 1 is, for example, about 1.5 m, and the length thereof is, for example, about 25 m, although it depends on the cultivation scale. A plurality of such ridges 1 are formed and the ridges 1
As shown in the figure, bulbs are planted in both the vertical and horizontal directions at almost regular intervals. The groove 2 is provided so that the operator can easily cut the tulips when the tulips are shipped to the market in a cut flower state. The number of tulip strains cultivated in this way is usually about 10,000 to 40,000 in one cultivation field.

[0004]

Conventionally, since the cultivation of tulips has been directly planted on the ground, the man-hours for planting the bulbs have been extremely large. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of conventional bulb planting. For example, a handing board 3 is handed over between the ridges 1, and an operator puts one foot on the board 3,
The other foot was dropped into the groove 2, bent over and dug a hole in the soil surface, and the bulb 4 was put into the hole and covered with soil.

Therefore, the number of man-hours required for planting several hundred thousand bulbs was enormous. In addition to this, securing personnel for planting work has become a problem in recent years. Since it was planted on the ground (soil tillage), it was necessary to bend down and work, and the fatigue was great. Such cultivation is usually carried out in a greenhouse, after planting the bulbs, spraying water appropriately,
It takes about 40 to 65 days to fertilize the flowers before they can be shipped to the market as cut flowers.

[0006] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a tulip cultivation method and cultivation device which can significantly reduce the number of man-hours required for cultivation and shorten the cultivation period. It is an object.

[0007]

A first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a process of peeling the outer skin of the bulb bottom of a tulip which has been refrigerated and preserved, and a plurality of squares divided by vertical sides. It is formed by a structure-like structure, a mesh is formed at the bottom of the structure, a step of providing a cultivation tank filled with an aqueous solution at the bottom, and a step of inserting the bulb into the square formed in the cultivation tank. It is characterized by

According to the structure of the present invention, since it is sufficient to insert the bulb into the square, planting of the bulb becomes extremely easy and the man-hour required for cultivation can be greatly reduced. Moreover, according to the present invention, since the cultivation is performed in an aqueous solution, the cultivation environment can be easily controlled, and the cultivation period can be shortened.

A second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is formed by a plurality of grid-like structures which are divided by vertical sides, and a mesh is formed at the bottom of the mesh-like structure, and the aqueous solution is filled at the bottom. It is characterized by comprising a cultivation tank and an aqueous solution supply means for supplying an aqueous solution to the cultivation tank.

According to the structure of the present invention, since it is sufficient to insert the bulbs into the squares, the planting of the bulbs becomes extremely easy and the man-hours required for cultivation can be greatly reduced. Moreover, according to the present invention, since the cultivation is performed in an aqueous solution, the cultivation environment can be easily controlled, and the cultivation period can be shortened.

In this case, the cultivation tank is characterized by comprising a detecting means for detecting a change in the cultivation environment and a controlling means for controlling the cultivation environment based on the detection result of the detecting means.

According to the configuration of the present invention, the control means can supply the aqueous solution, control the liquid temperature, and control the cultivation environment (temperature, humidity, etc. in the cultivation room), thereby enabling automation of tulip cultivation. can do.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention. The method of the present invention comprises a first step (step 1) of peeling off the outer skin of the bulb bottom portion of a tulip that has been refrigerated and stored, and a plurality of square-shaped structures divided by four sides to form a bottom portion. A second step (step 2) of forming a cultivation tank in which a mesh is formed on the bottom and an aqueous solution is filled in the bottom portion, and a third step (step 3) of inserting the bulb into the square formed in the cultivation tank. ).

In the step 1, the tulip that has been refrigerated and stored is used because, for example, the bulb is refrigerated for a predetermined period to gradually eliminate the dormant state and promote germination. In addition, in this step, the outer skin of the bulb bottom is peeled off so that the root can be easily removed.

In the step 2, the reason why a plurality of square-shaped structures divided by the four sides are used is to make it easy to insert the bulbs and to increase the planting density of the bulbs. The mesh is formed on the bottom of the tulip so that the root extending from the bulb can be entangled with the mesh and the tulip can stand on its own. Generally, in flower cultivation, straight growth is necessary to enhance the value of cut flowers. In the method of the present invention, the first
It is possible to make a plant having a height of about 50 cm to 60 cm self-sustaining by the two effects that the root is entangled with the mesh and has a holding force, and secondly, the above-mentioned tate has an auxiliary holding the self-standing of the plant. .

In step 3, the bulbs are inserted one by one into the squares. Generally, the cultivation tank is above ground 50.
Since it is installed at a height of about cm to 1 m, the worker can work while standing without bending over, which is a great effect in terms of reducing fatigue. Furthermore, if the dimensions of the squares are designed accurately, it is possible to automatically insert the bulb into the squares by a robot. Also, the number of planted bulbs can be accurately grasped.

According to the method of the present invention, since the plant absorbs fertilizer from the aqueous solution and grows by photosynthesis, the growth is extremely fast as compared with the conventional soil cultivation, and from planting of bulbs to cutting flowers and shipping. It takes about 14 to 20 days. Moreover, according to the method of the present invention, since there is no obstacle to continuous cropping, new bulbs can be immediately planted in the cultivation tank after cutting and shipping the cut flowers, so that the rotation efficiency of cultivation becomes extremely large. In the case of soil cultivation, the soil that has been cultivated once must be subjected to soil improvement work or left as fallow land for a certain period of time. Therefore, in the conventional method, cultivation is limited to about twice a year, but according to the present invention, cultivation can be started immediately and cultivation can be carried out about 7 to 10 times a year.

Next, the device of the present invention will be described. FIG.
FIG. 1 is an external configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a device of the present invention. 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the figure, reference numeral 10 is a cultivation tank which is formed of a plurality of square-shaped structures which are divided by vertical sides, and a mesh (not shown) is formed at the bottom thereof. The cultivation tank 10 needs to have a waterproof structure because it needs to be constantly filled with an aqueous solution. The cultivation tank 10 is supported on the ground by a plurality of legs 11. The leg 11 is designed to be expandable and contractible, and has a height at which an operator can easily work, for example, 0.
It can be about 6 m. 12 is a square that is divided by four sides. The size of this square is designed so that the tulip bulb 4 can be just inserted, for example, 4 cm square.

20 is a mixing tank for mixing liquid fertilizer and water,
21 is a mixing tank 20 that compresses gas (eg oxygen)
The reference numeral 22 denotes a compressor for injecting into the container, and 22 denotes a hopper for injecting liquid fertilizer provided at the upper part of the mixing tank 20. 23 is a mixing tank 2
A control valve for adjusting the amount of water injected to 0, 24 is a pump for pressurizing the aqueous solution in which water and liquid fertilizer are mixed, and 25 is a control valve for adjusting the inflow amount of the aqueous solution. An aqueous solution (mixed liquid fertilizer) is supplied to the cultivation tank 10 from the control valve 25.

In the cultivation tank 10, by the pump 24,
Aqueous solution is supplied and filled to a constant water level. 14
Is a drain pipe that drains when the water level of the aqueous solution exceeds a certain value. The cultivation tank 10 may be made of wood, stainless steel or plastic, the squares 12 may be made of wood or plastic, and the mesh may be made of iron, copper, stainless steel or plastic. The leg 11 may be made of iron, for example. The operation of the device configured as described above will be described below.

First, a tulip bulb that has been refrigerated and stored is prepared. This is because if the bulb is refrigerated for a predetermined period of time, for example, several weeks, the bulb will change from the hibernation state to the germination state.

Next, the outer skin at the bottom of the bulb which has been refrigerated and preserved is peeled off. When planted in a state covered with outer skin, it takes about 10 days for the roots to break the outer skin and start to grow by themselves, resulting in a long growing period and a long cultivation period before shipping as cut flowers. Because it will be. If planting is performed with the outer skin of the bulb base peeled off, the roots will emerge in a few days, so the period required for cultivation can be shortened.

The bulbs which have been subjected to the above-mentioned treatment are put in a cultivation tank 10
It is inserted (planted) into the squares 12 formed on the. If the operator performs this insertion operation manually,
When the height of the cultivation tank 10 is set to about 1 m, it can be performed while standing, and fatigue is less than that in the conventional method of bending down. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the bulb 4 is thus inserted into the squares 12. 1 in the figure
Although only rows are shown, the bulbs 4 are actually planted in all the squares 12. According to the invention, the squares 12
Since it is only necessary to insert the bulbs into the plant, planting of the bulbs becomes extremely easy, and the man-hours required for cultivation can be greatly reduced. Moreover, according to the present invention, since the cultivation is performed in an aqueous solution, the cultivation environment can be easily controlled, and the cultivation period can be shortened.

When planting of the bulbs 4 into the cultivation tank 10 is completed, the aqueous solution in the cultivation tank 10 is supplied from the pump 20 as needed so that the aqueous solution in the cultivation tank 10 does not become too small.
Supply within 0. At the same time, the temperature of the aqueous solution is 2
It is necessary to constantly monitor the temperature of the aqueous solution so as not to exceed 0 ° C. This is because if the aqueous solution exceeds 20 ° C, the bulbs will easily rot. In addition, what kind of component of the aqueous solution during the cultivation is, as long as it contains nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P), and potassium (K), which are the three major nutrients of the plant, in water (eg tap water). It can also be used with liquid fertilizer.

Other items to be kept in mind during growth include temperature, humidity, amount of solar radiation in the environment (for example, in a greenhouse) where the cultivation tank 10 is placed. Suitable temperatures for growth are, for example, low temperature and high humidity in winter, and predetermined temperature and low humidity in summer. However, if the temperature exceeds 20 ° C, the growth will be adversely affected. It is preferable to control.

When the growth process is observed under the above-mentioned control, the bulb emerges and germinates within a few days (1 to 2 days). Then, in about 10 days, the height grows to about half of the growth, and the bud opens in about 20 days,
That is, it is in a state suitable for cut flowers. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration example of the square portion in the growing process. The root 16 extending from the bottom of the bulb 4 is the mesh 1 formed on the bottom of the square 12.
Entangled in 5. 17 is an aqueous solution. As a result, the tulip bulb is self-supporting without providing a supporting mechanism because of the two effects that the root is entangled with the mesh 15 and that the bulb 4 is restricted by the four attachments (faces) 18 that form the squares. Grow in.

FIG. 4 shows how tulips grow. Although only one row is shown in the figure, tulips are actually growing in every square. As shown in the figure, the tulip is self-supporting without any special support mechanism. In this way, growing independently will significantly reduce the number of man-hours required for cultivation. In addition, it is preferable that the shape of the vertical 18 has a gap in order to prevent the aqueous solution from being stagnant. The water level of the aqueous solution is preferably maintained at about 1/3 of the height of the bulb 4 (low surface watering). Further, the aqueous solution 17 can be refluxed in addition to being kept stationary. By refluxing, it is possible to form an aqueous solution having the same concentration over the entire surface of the cultivation tank 10,
The growth of all tulips can be made uniform.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the squares 12 are formed over the entire surface of the cultivation tank 10 is taken as an example.
For example, by configuring one square-shaped structure unit (composed of squares 12 and mesh 15) with approximately 20 × 30 squares and laying the unit in the cultivation tank 10, as shown in FIG. The grid 12 can be formed over the entire surface. By uniting the grid-shaped structure in this way, it becomes possible to carry the grid-shaped structure and it is convenient to handle. As described above, when one side of the grid is 4 cm, the area of the grid-shaped structure unit is about 80 cm × 120 cm, which is a size that can be carried. With such a grid-like structure,
You can plant different tulips,
Moreover, it is convenient because it can be carried.

According to the present invention, as described above,
Since the squares are formed in a size of 4 cm square, the cultivation density can be significantly improved as compared with the conventional cultivation method shown in FIG. In the case of the conventional method shown in FIG. 5, since the plants are planted at intervals of, for example, 10 cm, the cultivation density is improved to about (10/4) * 2 = 6 times that of the conventional method. That is, if the area is the same, the cultivation density can be increased 6 times. The area required to produce the same number of cut flowers is 1/6. The pump 20
If the amount of the aqueous solution supplied from the tank increases too much, the aqueous solution is drained from the drain pipe 14, so that the aqueous solution does not increase more than necessary.

The grown tulips are cut into roots and shipped as cut flowers to the market. On the other hand, the cultivation tank that has been mowed can be immediately used for the next tulip cultivation. This is because there is no continuous cropping problem such as soil cultivation.

Further, according to the present invention, since the cells are cultivated in the aqueous solution in the cells whose vertical and horizontal directions are correctly determined, it is possible to automate the cultivation of tulips. The following sensors are required as sensors for this purpose to measure each factor of the cultivation environment. Temperature sensor For measuring the temperature of the cultivation environment Humidity sensor For measuring the humidity of the cultivation environment Concentration sensor For measuring the concentration of fertilizer in the water solution Water level sensor The cultivation tank is filled with a specified amount Next, a controller for controlling the temperature, the humidity, the concentration of the aqueous solution, and the water level of the aqueous solution by receiving the output of such a sensor is required. As the control device, for example, a device using a microprocessor in the CPU section, such as a personal computer, is used.

In addition, what is necessary for automation is:
A mechanism for automatically planting bulbs in the square is required. If the size of the square is correct, the operation of gripping the bulb with the arm and inserting the bulb held by the arm into the square may be repeated at predetermined intervals. Various devices have already been used for such a robot arm, and it can be easily realized by using the existing technology. The control device also controls the drive of the robot arm. Further, if necessary, a window opening / closing mechanism for controlling the amount of solar radiation in a cultivation room (for example, a greenhouse) can be used.

With such a structure, first of all, by the control device,
Bulbs are automatically planted in the square, and then the temperature, humidity, concentration of the aqueous solution, water level of the aqueous solution, etc. are controlled by the controller. For example, when the temperature rises, the air conditioner (air conditioner) is driven to lower the temperature, and when the temperature falls, the air conditioner is driven to raise the temperature. When the humidity becomes high, drive the dehumidifier to reduce the humidity. The same applies to humidification. When the water level of the aqueous solution has dropped, the pump 20 (see 20 in FIG. 2) is driven to bring the aqueous solution into the cultivation tank 1.
Supply 0. Regarding the concentration of the aqueous solution, the control device drives the liquid mixing means (not shown) to control the mixing ratio of various liquid fertilizers so that the output of each concentration sensor becomes a predetermined value.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to control the period from planting of bulbs to shipment as cut flowers. As described above, the number of days required from planting bulbs to shipping as cut flowers is about 14 days at the shortest. Therefore, it is possible to control the necessary number of days (for example, 20 days) in a period longer than 14 days. In order to accelerate the growth, it is sufficient to raise the temperature of the cultivation environment until germination, open the light entrance window of the cultivation room, and increase the amount of solar radiation. To delay the growth, the reverse operation may be performed.

The cultivation method and cultivation apparatus described above are
It can be used to grow all kinds of tulips, which are said to be several hundred kinds. Depending on the type of tulip, the above-mentioned cultivation environment may differ slightly, but by adjusting the cultivation environment to the optimum condition for the tulip, optimum cultivation according to the individual tulip variety will be possible. .

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to automate tulip cultivation by controlling the supply of the aqueous solution and the cultivation environment (temperature and humidity in the cultivation room) by the control means. it can.

In the above-described embodiment, the cultivation tank 10 is set to 1
Although the case where the table is provided has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and when a large number of tulips are produced, a required number of such cultivation tanks can be provided.

[0038]

As described above in detail, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the step of peeling off the outer skin of the bulb bottom portion of the tulip which has been refrigerated and preserved, and the four sides thereof are divided into a plurality of partitions. Formed in a grid-like structure, a mesh is formed at the bottom thereof, and a step of providing a cultivation tank filled with an aqueous solution at the bottom, and a step of inserting the bulb into the square formed in the cultivation tank By doing so, it is only necessary to insert the bulb into the square, so that the planting of the bulb becomes extremely easy and the man-hour required for cultivation can be greatly reduced. Moreover, according to the present invention, since the cultivation is performed in an aqueous solution, the cultivation environment can be easily controlled, and the cultivation period can be shortened.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the cultivation tank is formed of a plurality of grid-like structures whose four sides are divided by vertical parts, a mesh is formed at the bottom thereof, and an aqueous solution is filled at the bottom. Since it is composed of an aqueous solution supply means for supplying an aqueous solution to the cultivation tank, it is only necessary to insert the bulb into the square, so that the planting of the bulb becomes extremely easy and the man-hour required for cultivation can be greatly reduced. . Moreover, according to the present invention, since the cultivation is performed in an aqueous solution, the cultivation environment can be easily controlled, and the cultivation period can be shortened.

In this case, the cultivation tank is provided with a detection means for detecting a change in the cultivation environment and a control means for controlling the cultivation environment on the basis of the detection result of the detection means, whereby the aqueous solution is controlled by the control means. And the cultivation environment (temperature, humidity, etc. in the cultivation room) can be controlled to automate tulip cultivation.

By using the method for culturing with an aqueous solution according to the present invention, diseases caused by bulbs can be visually confirmed, and immediate action can be taken. In addition, it is possible to eradicate biological and fungal diseases.
Further, according to the present invention, even if the total amount of flowers is not finished,
The next planting is possible in blocks and productivity is
It can be greatly improved compared to conventional soil cultivation. Furthermore, the equipment, facilities, fuel consumption, and various expenses can be reduced to about 1/5 of the conventional one, which enables a significant cost reduction. Further, according to the present invention, there is also an advantage that the making of a bouquet and the work of shipping after flower collection are facilitated.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a tulip cultivation method and a cultivation device capable of significantly reducing the number of man-hours required for cultivation and shortening the cultivation period, and practical effects. Is extremely large.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an external configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of a grid portion.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing how tulips grow.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional cultivation method.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of conventional bulb planting.

[Explanation of symbols]

 4 bulbs 10 cultivation tanks 11 legs 12 squares 14 drainage pipes 20 mixing tanks 21 compressors 22 hoppers 23 control valves 24 pumps 25 control valves

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A step of peeling off the outer skin of the bulb bottom of a tulip that has been refrigerated and preserved, and a plurality of square-shaped structures whose four sides are partitioned by a vertical wall to form a mesh on the bottom. A method for cultivating tulips, comprising the steps of: providing a cultivation tank having a bottom filled with an aqueous solution; and inserting the bulb into a square formed in the cultivation tank. 2. A cultivation tank which is formed of a plurality of grid-like structures which are divided by vertical sides and has a mesh formed at the bottom thereof, and the bottom of which is filled with an aqueous solution, and the cultivation tank which is filled with the aqueous solution. A tulip cultivation device comprising an aqueous solution supply means for supplying. 3. The cultivation tank is provided with a detection means for detecting a change in the cultivation environment, and a control means for controlling the cultivation environment based on the detection result of the detection means. Tulip cultivation equipment.