CN106386423A - Sand cultivation method - Google Patents
Sand cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386423A CN106386423A CN201610246241.3A CN201610246241A CN106386423A CN 106386423 A CN106386423 A CN 106386423A CN 201610246241 A CN201610246241 A CN 201610246241A CN 106386423 A CN106386423 A CN 106386423A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sand cultivation method. The sand cultivation method adopts sand as a cultivation substrate for seedling-raising and cultivation, wherein physical and chemical parameters of the sand are as follows: a particle size is less than 5.00 mm; the content of silt is less than or equal to 1.0%; the value of EC is less than 0.05 mS/cm; the content of chloride ions is less than or equal to 0.06%; and the value of pH is 6.0 to 9.0. The sand can be semi-permanently used, so continuous cropping is realized; the problem of needing large amount of labor and cost in the process of sand cultivation is solved; and a decisive significance on how to standardly improve yield and quality in the future process of sand cultivation is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, more particularly, to a kind of sand cultural method.
Background technology
In the most nursery of current agriculture field and plantation, it is all the agriculture method by soil come raise crop,
Although coming into now the agricultural machinery epoch, the soil expending a large amount of manpowers ploughs agriculture method, still by such as soil
Earth pest and disease damage, the difficult problem such as continuous cropping obstacle, Pesticide use excess, natural climate is perplexed.In recent years, because of gas
Time problem has influence on the quality of soil, leads to that the vegetables and fruits yield in grown on soil is low, not good the asking of quality
Topic.Soilless culture is the effective way solving this problem, but existing soilless culture method, such as rock wool,
The cultural methods such as vermiculite, coconut palm chaff, peat, matrix service life is short, and interval is accomplished by changing for several years, cost
High, high labor intensive.
Early in the sixties in 20th century, have begun to using sand cultivation technique in Japan of agriculture developed country, by
Continuous cropping obstacle can be overcome, utilize non-cultivated land resources in sand cultivation, also having had in the Japan of arable land anxiety several
Thousand peasant households are managing using sand cultivation farm, and technology is mature on the whole when using, but is specific to grinding of sand
Study carefully in direction, the theory not yet having science, to support whole sand cultivation, fails to solve in sand cultivation
Need the problem of substantial amounts of labour and cost.In consideration of it, applicant sets about to sand in sand cultivation to cultivation
The impact of training is studied, and thereby produces a series of achievement, how to mark in sand cultivation from now on
Improve yield accurately and quality has very important reference.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of sand cultural method, solving cultivation in prior art needs greatly
Amount labour and the technical problem of cost.
The technological means that the present invention adopts is as follows：A kind of sand cultural method, is carried out as cultivation matrix using sand
Nursery and cultivation, the physical and chemical parameter of sand is：Particle diameter ＜ 5.00mm, clay content≤1.0%, EC value ＜
0.05mS/cm, chloride ion content≤0.06%, pH value 6.0～9.0.
Preferably, magnesium lime or white lime are let go in sand naturally, be rinsed dissolving magnesium lime with water
Or white lime is being adjusted the pH value of sand.
Preferably, nursery sand, using soaking after the dilution of liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer and being sufficiently stirred for, outwells liquid after standing
Body phospho-ammonium fertilizer；Wherein, the phosphorus content of liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer be 18%～22%, nitrogen content be 5%～8%, liquid
Body phospho-ammonium fertilizer is used for soaking sand after diluting 400～500 times, and during immersion, liquid surface exceedes the upper surface of sand；
If cultivation sand is fresh sand, base manure dose is：T-N is 2mg～4mg/100g, P2O5For
10mg～20mg/100g, K2O is 20mg～40mg/100g；If cultivation sand is old sand it is not necessary to apply base
Fertile.
Preferably, in every 100g sand, nutritive element content is in following concentration range：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g,
P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O 10mg～40mg/100g；In sand cultivation, in periodic analysis sand
Nutrient content, if T-N ＜ 1mg/100g, P in nutritive element content in every 100g sand2O5＜
1mg/100g、K2O ＜ 10mg/100g, then adopt the nutrient solution pouring of 0.2～0.25 dosage.
Preferably, the moisture content of sand is 7%～11%；In sand cultivation, the moisture content of sand adopts moisture to pass
Sensor measures, if the moisture content of sand is less than 7%, adopts water and fertilizer irrigation.
Preferably, following steps are specifically included：
1) sand is uniformly loaded hole tray, hole tray hole count is 72～288, hole tray is loaded in pallet, is placed on bedstead
On, it is spaced apart with paper between pallet and hole tray；
2) irrigate the sand in hole tray with water, stab out, in hole tray hole central authorities, the pit that depth is 0.8cm～2cm,
1～3 seed is placed, subsequent stucco covers seed, and moisturizing of sprinkling water in pit；
3) before emerging, using greenhouse internal sunshade net and external sunshade net sunshading and temperature reducing, the sunshade rate of external sunshade net
70%～90%, the sunshade rate of internal sunshade net is 50%～70%, pours 1～3 water daily it is ensured that the moisture content of sand
For 7%～11%；
4), after emerging, lowered the temperature using greenhouse external sunshade net shading, the sunshade rate 70%～90% of external sunshade net,
Every 2～3 days pouring 0.4～0.45 dosage nutrient solutions it is ensured that in every 100g sand nutritive element content be in following
Concentration range：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O 10mg～40mg/100g；
5) seedling length to three leaf wholeheartedly or two leaf wholeheartedly when, carry out seedling separation, by seedling replanting in 8cm～12cm
Nutritive cube in continued growth；
6) adjustment seedling cultivation greenhouse environment temperature, to 10 DEG C～35 DEG C, adjusts illumination to 3000lux～100000lux,
Hardening is carried out to seedling；
7) sand is loaded cultivation bed, after hardening terminates, embedment cultivation bed after seedling is taken out in nutritive cube
Field planting in interior sand is it is ensured that the moisture content of sand is 7%～11%；Water sand using 0.2～0.25 dosage nutrient solution
Cultivation bed, waters 1～6 time daily it is ensured that nutritive element content is in following concentration range in every 100g sand：
T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O 10mg～40mg/100g；
Preferably, in step 7) in, hug level bed face, closed greenhouse after removing cultivation bed root system in advance, adopt
It is exposed to the sun and the mode of high temperature carries out disinfection to sand and greenhouse.
Preferably, when plantation solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetables, built, built are started in plant height 30cm～35cm
Mode is behaved shaped frame, hedge shape frame, quadrupod；Or built mode is fixed on plant using lifting rope one end
Base portion, then after lifting rope is wound around on plant, the other end is tied up and is drawn iron between Keelof green house or Keelof green house
On silk.
Preferably, in step 7) in, using rhombus dislocation method field planting, summer field planting line-spacing is 20
Cm～35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm～35cm, winter field planting line-spacing is 15cm～30cm, spacing in the rows 15～30cm.
Preferably, this batch of crop field planting point position is opened with upper one batch of crop field planting point interval.
Using a kind of sand cultural method provided by the present invention, it is possible to use meet for building of physical and chemical parameter
Sand can be changed without with 25 years as cultivation matrix, sand, reduces the matrix cost of sand cultivation；In whole sand
In cultivation, only pouring macro-element nutrients liquid is it is not necessary to other excessive fertilizer can reach employing
The effect even preferably effect that fertilizer fertilising can reach, can meet plantation and plant while reduces cost
The healthy growth of thing；In fact, very low using nutrient solution concentration, it is nutrient solution prescription 1/4～1/5 dosage,
Nutrient solution irrigation amount is few, and moisture irrigation amount is few, virtually greatly reduce the requirement of cultivation again so that
Whole sand cultural method is easily achieved, reduces cost simultaneously；With sand as cultivation matrix, its gas permeability is excellent
In soil, sand is completely ventilated, solves the oxygen-deficient problem of substrate culture root system；Made with sand
For cultivation matrix, convenient when cleaning, the number of times simultaneously cleaning is less, only needs to every year clean
Twice, weeds and germ, without using herbicide and agricultural chemicals, cost-effective and labour are not contained in sand.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter the principle and feature of the present invention is described, illustrated embodiment is served only for explaining the present invention,
It is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of sand cultural method, in sand cultivation, during nursery, seedlings root is small and weak,
Preferably nursery and cultivation are carried out using relatively tiny sand, after artificial treatment, reach cultivation sand physics and chemistry
Standard, the physical and chemical parameter of sand is：Particle diameter ＜ 5.00mm, clay content≤1.0%, EC value ＜ 0.05mS/cm,
Chloride ion content≤0.06%, pH value 6.0～9.0.In whole sand cultivation, all above-mentioned using reaching
The sand of physical and chemical parameter carries out nursery as cultivation matrix, and certainly, sand raise crop also can be enterprising in cultivation bed
Row is live, and that is, whole cultivation is all carried out in the sand of cultivation bed, it is possible to reduce the ring such as nursery, field planting
Section.Sand, in addition to meeting above physical and chemical parameter, as the preferred version of the present invention, can process nursery
During sand, using soaking after the dilution of liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer and being sufficiently stirred for, after standing, outwell liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer；Its
In, the phosphorus content of liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer is 18%～22%, nitrogen content is 5%～8%, and liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer dilutes
It is used for soaking sand after 400～500 times, during immersion, liquid surface exceedes the upper surface of sand.Cultivation sand fresh sand
Base manure dose：T-N is 2mg～4mg/100g, P2O5For 10mg～20mg/100g, K2O is
20mg～40mg/100g；Cultivation sand old sand does not need basal dressing.Sand is made to be more prone to reach physicochemical requirements,
Ensure nutrient content simultaneously.Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1st, the building sand meeting physical and chemical parameter can be used as cultivation matrix, sand can with 25 years not more
Change, material-saving cost, reduce the cost of whole sand cultivation.
2nd, in whole sand cultivation, only pouring macro-element nutrients liquid is it is not necessary to excessive other are fertile
Material can reach the effect even preferably effect that can reach using fertilizer fertilising, while reduces cost
The healthy growth of planting plants can be met.In fact, very low using nutrient solution concentration, it is that nutrient solution is joined
Side's 1/4～1/5 dosage, nutrient solution irrigation amount is few, and moisture irrigation amount is few, virtually greatly reduces again
The requirement of cultivation so that whole sand cultural method is easily achieved, reduces cost simultaneously.
3rd, sand can be used with semipermanent, be changed without matrix, no continuous cropping obstacle, realize continuous cropping.
4th, use sand as cultivation matrix, its gas permeability is better than soil, and sand is completely ventilated, solves
The oxygen-deficient problem of substrate culture root system.
5th, use sand as cultivation matrix, convenient when cleaning, the number of times simultaneously cleaning is less, often
Year only needs to cleaning twice, does not contain weeds and germ, without using herbicide and agricultural chemicals, save in sand
Basis and labour.
A kind of sand cultural method of the present invention specifically includes following steps：
1) sand is uniformly loaded hole tray, hole tray hole count is 72～288, hole tray is loaded in pallet, is placed on bedstead
On, it is spaced apart with paper between pallet and hole tray；Sand cultivation can carry out various arable farming productions, to kind
There is no particular/special requirement.The leaf vegetables with romaine lettuce as representative for the cultivation technique and the solanberry with tomato as representative
Class is told about, and the short vegetables such as leaf vegetables, cabbage are suitably cultivated using high bed sand, solanaceous vegetables,
Melon vegetables etc. is suitably cultivated using sunken bed sand.Here it is however emphasized that, sand loading uniformly will must not omit hole tray angle
Sand, after installing sand, is patted consolidation with palm by the hole falling, and increases the tight ness rating between sand, and favourable water conservation promotees
Enter germination.Hole tray must not be placed directly on ground, and be loaded in pallet, be placed on bedstead, support
It is spaced apart using paper between disk and hole tray, prevent root system from penetrating pallet.
2) irrigate the sand in hole tray with water, stab out, in hole tray hole central authorities, the pit that depth is 0.8cm～2cm,
Place 1～3 seed in pit, subsequent stucco covers seed, and moisturizing of sprinkling water；Hole tray is placed on
Under sunshade net, it is to avoid direct sunlight, pour permeable, prepare sowing.During sowing, using spillikin in hole tray hole
The deep pitting of 1cm is stabbed out in central authorities, places seed, if seed quality is preferably, each hole tray hole places 1
Grain seed, after planting, spreads fine sand and covers seed, and moisturizing of sprinkling water again.
3) before emerging, using greenhouse internal sunshade net and external sunshade net sunshading and temperature reducing, the sunshade rate of external sunshade net
70%～90%, the sunshade rate of internal sunshade net is 50%～70%, so that warm indoor temperature meets vegetables requiring.
Pour 1～3 water daily, in general, summer pours 3 water daily, and winter pours 1 water, spring and autumn daily
Pour 2 water season daily it is ensured that the moisture content of sand is 7%～11%；In addition, can not water before seed sprouting
Nutrient solution, in order to avoid burn seedlings.
4), after emerging, lowered the temperature using greenhouse external sunshade net shading, the sunshade rate 70%～90% of external sunshade net,
So that warm indoor temperature meets vegetables requiring.Every 2～3 days pouring 0.4～0.45 dosage nutrient solutions it is ensured that every
In 100g sand, nutritive element content is in following concentration range：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O5
1mg～20mg/100g, K2O 10mg～40mg/100g；In addition, it is timely when water-containing rate is less than 7%
Water.
5) because the crop plants such as solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetables are tall and big, 288 hole disks can not meet its seedling
Phase growing space requires, seedling separation to be carried out.Seedling length to three leaf wholeheartedly or two leaf wholeheartedly when, carry out seedling separation,
The continued growth in the nutritive cube of 8cm～12cm by seedling replanting.
6) in general, field planting needs to adjust seedling cultivation greenhouse environment temperature to 10 DEG C～35 DEG C for first 3～5 days, adjusts
Whole illumination, to 3000lux～100000lux, makes, close to producing greenhouse light and temperature condition, seedling to be carried out with hardening, increases
Plus Resistance of Seedling and the adaptability to production greenhouse.
7) sand is loaded cultivation bed, after hardening terminates, embedment cultivation after seedling is taken out in nutritive cube
Field planting in sand in bed is it is ensured that the moisture content of sand is 7%～11%；Guarantee that in every 100g sand, nutrient contains
Amount is in following concentration range：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O
10mg～40mg/100g.
In order that cultivation is better, typically need to carry out following preparation before field planting：
A, cleaning cultivation bed and sterilization：Field planting removes cultivation bed fallen leaves and Medium Culture tomato etc. for first 2 weeks relatively
Big root system, the root system of romaine lettuce is less, is nearly all decomposed, can be without digging out, using works such as rakes
Tool hugs level bed face.Closed greenhouse, using be exposed to the sun and high temperature by the way of sand and greenhouse are carried out disinfection.
B, basal dressing：
Old sand (has been used for the sand cultivated), does not typically need basal dressing；If fresh sand (is not used for planting
The sand trained), the fertilizer in analysis sand, every 100g sand base manure dose：
T-N 2～4mg/100g；
P2O510～20mg/100g；
K2O 20～40mg/100g.
Sand cultivation technique requires to ensure that crop normally gives birth to using minimal amount of fertilizer and moisture in process of production
Long, fertilizer is not remaining in matrix, to avoid continuous cropping obstacle, so crop normal growth is just not required to
To give old sand basal dressing, in order to avoid causing salt accumulation in sand.Periodic measurement sand nutrient content in cultivation,
If it find that sand nutrient content is very few, crop growing state is weaker, can apply 2 base manure every year.Old sand base manure
Fertilization time is generally spring and autumn, the same fresh sand of recommended rate of fertilizer application.No matter fresh sand, old sand, after basal dressing
At least place and could be colonized for more than 1 day.
C, adjustment Ph value, the Ph value of fresh sand is generally more than 8, but still can normally be cultivated,
With the increase of productive life, Ph value reduces year by year.Need to carry out when sand Ph value is less than 6.5
Adjust, method of adjustment is：, need to be mixed into the magnesium of 100g taking 60cm width, the cultivation bed of 1m length as a example
Lime or white lime.Method of operating：Grab a lime naturally to let go, be rinsed with water, dissolve stone
Ash, and sand fully reacted, and neutralizes its pH value.After white lime watering, need stirring to avoid
Hardened, magnesium lime will not be hardened, is more preferable selection.
D, water：If sand water deficient, should be watered within first 4 hours so that the water in seedbed in field planting
Point sufficient and uniform.
E, equipment inspection：Check irrigation system, pay special attention to check whether drip irrigation pipe blocks, if having dripping
Grout blocks.Link head of a bed backup line using air compressor, blocking impurity is produced by boasting, Ge Biewu
The drip hole of method cleaning, cuts off and re-replaces.
F, covering with ground sheeting：The leaf vegetables such as plantation romaine lettuce are not required to want covering with ground sheeting, the fruit vegetables such as plantation tomato
The two-sided covering with ground sheeting of black and white can generally be adopted with covering with plastic film, ultrawhite black inner cap on casting bed, in mulch film
Above beat field planting hole.
Field planting method be：
Leaf vegetables length to two leaves wholeheartedly when field planting, solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetables length to the early flowering season be colonized,
Other crops determine Planting time according to own physiological characteristic.During field planting, seedling is taken out in seedlings nursing plate,
Seedling taking method：From hole tray dirty water hole, seedling ejection is come with spillikin, tether panel sand, become to stick together and do not dissipate.Will
In seedling embedment sand cultivation bed, buried depth standard is the rhizome position of crop, it is to avoid by the growing tips of the plant
Bury, after burying slightly firmly pressing so that surrounding plant roots sand consolidation some, from crop after field planting
Top water spray pouring, promotes root system to combine closely with cultivation bed.Be colonized water pours water quality standard：Water-containing rate
10%.Seeding row spacing requires：Sand cultivation system is conducive to plant growth, and plantation density is slightly above outdoor cropping
Plantation density, yield is high and does not affect the speed of growth and product quality.In general, summer field planting line-spacing
For 20cm～35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm～35cm, winter field planting line-spacing is 15cm～30cm, spacing in the rows
15～30cm.Taking cultivate in bed in 60cm width sand as a example, leaf vegetables summer field planting 3 row, line-spacing 22.5cm,
Spacing in the rows 22.5cm, winter is colonized 4 row, line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, is determined using rhombus dislocation method
Plant.Each cultivation bed of tomato is colonized a line, spacing in the rows 30～35cm.Other crops are according to its Individual Size
Determine seeding row spacing.This batch of crop field planting point position is opened with upper one batch of crop field planting point interval, can avoid weight
Relapse the nutrients in the sand taking same position, effectively improve yield.Increase irrigation times after field planting, with
Guarantee that seedling survives.
It is still necessary to maintenance management is carried out to the sand cultivation in later stage after the completion of field planting, specifically have following several
Point：
First, water and fertilizer management
Water and fertilizer management is that sand cultivation is successfully crucial, and sand cultivation employing can keep crop normal growth minimum
Limit liquid manure amount is watered, and makes root system be in the state that fertilizer is looked in water detection all the time, liquid manure of not having more than needed in sand,
After irrigation terminates, liquid manure will not ooze out from casting bed.Limitation water and fertilizer management measure cooperation bottom full through
Sand cultivation bed, ensure that crop root oxygen is sufficient, healthy growth, so, sand cultivation can connect
Continue production for many years and do not produce continuous cropping obstacle.
A, specifically, sand cultivation water and fertilizer irrigation Con trolling index is：Casting bed is poured water less than 7% moisture content,
Every time water and fertilizer irrigation amount is 1L/, and moisture content is about 10%, generally 7%～11%.Sand is aqueous
Rate can be measured with accurate moisture transducer, if the moisture content of sand is less than 7%, adopts water and fertilizer irrigation.
Can also be weighed with the mode of simple, intuitive in production：It is held by hand a sand, become to stick together and do not dissipate after loosing one's grip,
Its moisture content is more suitable.It is significant to note that, the nutrient solution concentration that sand cultivation uses not is 1
Individual dosage, but 0.2～0.25 dosage nutrient solution.
B, Irrigation Frequency：Aborning, nutrient solution pouring frequency and concentration according to raise crop, season,
Weather and the setting of chamber facility situation.Taking leaf vegetables as a example, having the warm indoor production romaine lettuce of external sunshade,
Summer daily pouring 4 times, winter waters 1 time daily, and season in spring and autumn is watered 2～3 times daily, every square meter
Cultivation bed pouring 1L nutrient solution, as shown in table 1.As the cloudy day, crop photosynthesis are weaker, nutrition
Liquid pouring number of times accordingly reduces.Solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetables are also contemplated that fruit on the basis of above-mentioned condition
Growth period, the calculating of nutrient solution consumption is also no longer the area according to cultivation bed, but according to plant strain
Number.Taking tomato as a example, initial stage 0.5L/ strain time of bearing fruit, best fruiting period 1.5L/ strain time, harvest tail end
Adjust back 0.5L/ strain time.
Table 1 leaf vegetables nutrition liquid irrigation index
C, irrigation time：Sand cultivation determines the daily nutrition liquid irrigation time, with the summer according to plant physiology characteristic
As a example season plantation romaine lettuce, irrigate 4 nutrient solutions daily：Morning 6：30, noon 9：30, afternoon 12：
30, afternoon 15：30, every three hours are watered once.Morning illumination is strong, and crop photosynthesis are vigorous,
Irrigate nutrient solution and improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote plant growth, afternoon 4:After 00, environment temperature and illumination are strong
Degree all reduces, and photosynthetic efficiency declines, no longer nutrient solution.Night, Photosynthate trasport and breathing are made
With being plant physiology activity centre, no longer nutrient solution.
D, sand cultivation technique be not because the special physico-chemical property of sand is special to N, P, K ratio proposition in nutrient solution
Require, can normally be produced using conventional nutrient formula of liquid.In process of production to nutrition unit in sand
Plain ratio also without strict management, the nutrient content in periodic analysis sand in sand cultivation, often
In 100g sand, each element desired contents are：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g,
K2O 10mg～40mg/100g；In sand cultivation, nutrient content in periodic analysis sand, if often
T-N ＜ 1mg/100g, P in nutritive element content in 100g sand2O5＜ 1mg/100g, K2O ＜ 10mg
/ 100g, then adopt the nutrient solution pouring of 0.2～0.25 dosage.In every 100g sand, each element is the most preferable contains
Measure and be：T-N (total nitrogen) 5mg/100g, P2O520mg/100g、K2O 40mg/100g.
E, moisturizing：Under general weather condition, by nutrient solution, sand cultivation is able to maintain that crop water needs
Will, such as hot weather, moisture evaporation is too fast, and nutrition liquid measure can not meet crop water demand, should not
Have additional nutrients liquid irrigation frequency, and be to increase and pour water 1～2 time, and irrigation quantity is with reference to nutrient solution irrigation volume.
2nd, Plant adjustment
Pumping side shoot between solanaceous vegetables, melon crop axil, if being allowed to grow, branches and tendrils are grown thickly, and consume water
Point, nutrient, impact ventilation and penetrating light, it is impossible to normally yield positive results, needs to carry out training to prune, and extracts side
Branch, stays 1～2 trunk.Typically when side shoot length to 5cm about when extract, to promote root system development.
Cultivation indeterminate growth type crop, when plant reaches predetermined fruit number or plant height, need to be carried out
Pinching, pinches and removes terminal bud, to suppress plant to continue up growth, so that nutrient is focused on fruit.Additionally,
To extract the old leaf of plant bottom, sick leaf, malformed fruit in time, improve ventilation, light transmission condition.Sand is cultivated
Need to carry out artificial built to make full use of space when plantation solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetables, improve ventilation and penetrating light
Condition, mitigates disease and decayed fruit.Typically start built in plant height 30cm～35cm, built mode is behaved
Shaped frame, hedge shape frame, quadrupod；Or built mode is fixed on the base portion of plant using lifting rope one end,
After being wound around lifting rope on plant, the other end is tied up on bracing wire between Keelof green house or Keelof green house again,
Both：If Keelof green house with cultivation bed inconsistent, can between skeleton bracing wire, rope is tied up on iron wire.
Carrying out sand cultivation in greenhouse needs crop is carried out flower and fruit protecting, and conventional reagent is the life of the plants such as drop-proof agent
Long conditioning agent, or pollinated using bumblebee.
3rd, environment conditioning
Temperature environment：According to the requirement to temperature for the crop, crop can be divided into cold-resistant crop；Half is cold-resistant
Crop；The warm crop of happiness；Heat-resisting crop, all kinds of crops all can be using the plantation of sand cultivation technique.Production process
In, carry out environment temperature regulation and control according to crop species, each crop preference temperature is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 chief crop preference temperature
Photoenvironment：Sand quick heating under sunlight direct irradiation, temperature is high, and it is unfavorable that crop root is had
Impact, increases moisture evaporation speed simultaneously, upsets water and fertilizer management setting.Therefore, sand cultivation greenhouse needs
Sunshade net to be installed, produces greenhouse and installs external sunshade, sunshade rate 70%～90%；Seedling cultivation greenhouse is installed inside and outside
Double-layered sunshade net, external sunshade net sunshade rate 70%～90%, internal sunshade net sunshade rate 50%～70%.Seed
Send out phase, seeding stage, seedling cultivation greenhouse uses inside and outside double-layered sunshade net shading cooling, nursery later stage and cultivation temperature
Room, decides whether to use sunshade net according to weather condition and plant physiology demand.
4th, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Sand cultivation is produced using greenhouse, and side wall and roof are respectively mounted fly net, it is to avoid insect enters.
Sand picks up from the sea or in river, entered artificial treatment and does not contain pathogen, therefore sand cultivation seldom occurs disease
Insect pest.For preventing trouble before it happens, spray 2 secondary pollutant agricultural chemicals every year, can effectively pre- preventing disease and pest generation,
Remaining time all can not use agricultural chemicals.
5th, harvesting, clear garden and washed-out sand
Leaf vegetables length, to the commodity maturity period, is shear off at rhizome position with scissors, and leaf vegetables root system is stayed in sand
Natural decomposition.Solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetables root system are larger, need to take out root system from sand.After harvesting,
Cleaning cultivation bed fallen leaves, idle next batch that carry out again for 2 weeks produces.Annual needs cleaning sand twice, cleaning
Method：Rinse casting bed with a large amount of clear water, stir sand, wash remaining salinity, the impurity such as algae in sand off.
6th, crops for rotation arrangement
This batch of crop field planting point position is opened with upper one batch of crop field planting point interval, can avoid repeating to draw phase
With the nutrients in the sand of position, effectively improve yield.Increase irrigation times, to guarantee seedling after field planting
Survive.
In sum, using a kind of sand cultural method provided by the present invention, it is possible to use meet physics and chemistry ginseng
As cultivation matrix, sand can be changed without the building sand of number with 25 years, reduces the cost of sand cultivation；?
In whole sand cultivation, only pouring macro-element nutrients liquid it is not necessary to excessive other fertilizer i.e. up to
To the effect even preferably effect that can be reached using fertilizer fertilising, can meet while reduces cost
The healthy growth of planting plants；In fact, very low using nutrient solution concentration, it is nutrient solution prescription 1/4～1/5
Dosage, nutrient solution irrigation amount is few, and moisture irrigation amount is few, virtually greatly reduces the requirement of cultivation again,
So that whole sand cultural method is easily achieved, reduces cost simultaneously；With sand as cultivation matrix, it is breathed freely
Property be better than soil, sand is completely ventilated, solves the oxygen-deficient problem of substrate culture root system；With
Sand is as cultivation matrix, convenient when cleaning, and the number of times simultaneously cleaning is less, only needs to every year
Cleaning twice, does not contain weeds and germ in sand, without using herbicide and agricultural chemicals, cost-effective and work
Power.The present invention solves the problems, such as to need substantial amounts of labour and cost in sand cultivation, to from now on
In sand cultivation, how study plot improves yield and quality has very important reference.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all this
Within the spirit of invention and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement done etc., should be included in
Within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sand cultural method is it is characterised in that carry out nursery and cultivation using sand as cultivation matrix,
The physical and chemical parameter of sand is：Particle diameter ＜ 5.00mm, clay content≤1.0%, EC value ＜ 0.05mS/cm, chlorion
Content≤0.06%, pH value 6.0～9.0.
2. sand cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that by magnesium lime or white lime
Sand is let go naturally, is rinsed dissolving magnesium lime or white lime with water and is adjusted the pH value of sand.
3. sand cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that nursery sand adopts liquid phosphorus ammonium
Soak after fertile dilution and be sufficiently stirred for, after standing, outwell liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer；Wherein, liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer is phosphorous
Measuring as 18%～22%, nitrogen content is 5%～8%, and liquid phospho-ammonium fertilizer is used for soaking sand after diluting 400～500 times,
During immersion, liquid surface exceedes the upper surface of sand；If cultivation sand is fresh sand, base manure dose is：N2For
2mg～4mg/100g, P2O5For 10mg～20mg/100g, K2O is 20mg～40mg/100g；If cultivation sand
It is old sand it is not necessary to basal dressing.
4. sand cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that nutrition unit in every 100g sand
Cellulose content is in following concentration range：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O
10mg～40mg/100g；In sand cultivation, nutrient content in periodic analysis sand, if every 100g sand
T-N ＜ 1mg/100g, P in middle nutritive element content2O5＜ 1mg/100g, K2O ＜ 10mg/100g,
Then adopt the nutrient solution pouring of 0.2～0.25 dosage.
5. sand cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the moisture content of sand is 7%～11%；
In sand cultivation, the moisture content of sand adopts moisture transducer to measure, if the moisture content of sand is less than 7%,
Using water and fertilizer irrigation.
6. the sand cultural method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 it is characterised in that specifically include with
Lower step：
1) sand is uniformly loaded hole tray, hole tray hole count is 72～288, hole tray is loaded in pallet, is placed on bedstead
On, it is spaced apart with paper between pallet and hole tray；
2) irrigate the sand in hole tray with water, stab out, in hole tray hole central authorities, the pit that depth is 0.8cm～2cm,
1～3 seed is placed, subsequent stucco covers seed, and moisturizing of sprinkling water in pit；
3) before emerging, using greenhouse internal sunshade net and external sunshade net sunshading and temperature reducing, the sunshade rate of external sunshade net
70%～90%, the sunshade rate of internal sunshade net is 50%～70%, pours 1～3 water daily it is ensured that the moisture content of sand
For 7%～11%；
4), after emerging, lowered the temperature using greenhouse external sunshade net shading, the sunshade rate 70%～90% of external sunshade net,
Every 2～3 days pouring 0.4～0.45 dosage nutrient solutions it is ensured that in every 100g sand nutritive element content be in following
Concentration range：T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O 10mg～40mg/100g；
5) seedling length to three leaf wholeheartedly or two leaf wholeheartedly when, carry out seedling separation, by seedling replanting in 8cm～12cm
Nutritive cube in continued growth；
6) adjustment seedling cultivation greenhouse environment temperature, to 10 DEG C～35 DEG C, adjusts illumination to 3000lux～100000lux,
Hardening is carried out to seedling；
7) sand is loaded cultivation bed, after hardening terminates, embedment cultivation bed after seedling is taken out in nutritive cube
Field planting in interior sand is it is ensured that the moisture content of sand is 7%～11%；Water sand using 0.2～0.25 dosage nutrient solution
Cultivation bed, waters 1～6 time daily it is ensured that nutritive element content is in following concentration range in every 100g sand：
T-N 1mg～5mg/100g, P2O51mg～20mg/100g, K2O 10mg～40mg/100g.
7. sand cultural method according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that in step 7) in, in advance
Hug level bed face after removing cultivation bed root system, closed greenhouse, using be exposed to the sun and high temperature by the way of sand and greenhouse are entered
Row sterilization.
8. sand cultural method according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that plant solanaceous vegetables, melon vegetable
During dish, start built in plant height 30cm～35cm, built mode is behaved shaped frame, hedge shape frame, corner
Frame；Or built mode is fixed on the base portion of plant using lifting rope one end, then after lifting rope is wound around on plant,
The other end is tied up on bracing wire between Keelof green house or Keelof green house.
9. sand cultural method according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that in step 7) in, adopt
Rhombus dislocation method field planting, summer field planting line-spacing is 20cm～35cm, spacing in the rows 20cm～35cm, and winter is colonized
Line-spacing is 15cm～30cm, spacing in the rows 15～30cm.
10. sand cultural method according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that this batch of crop is colonized point position
Open with upper one batch of crop field planting point interval.
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| CN201610246241.3A CN106386423A (en) | 2016-04-20 | 2016-04-20 | Sand cultivation method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112219702A (en) * | 2020-10-24 | 2021-01-15 | 山东汇金海智慧农业研究院有限公司 | Vegetable sand culture planting method and planting system thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-04-20 CN CN201610246241.3A patent/CN106386423A/en active Pending
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