JP2020033947A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020033947A JP2020033947A JP2018161357A JP2018161357A JP2020033947A JP 2020033947 A JP2020033947 A JP 2020033947A JP 2018161357 A JP2018161357 A JP 2018161357A JP 2018161357 A JP2018161357 A JP 2018161357A JP 2020033947 A JP2020033947 A JP 2020033947A
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- exhaust gas
- filter
- fuel ratio
- air
- exhaust
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 210
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 238
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 110
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
- F01N3/225—Electric control of additional air supply
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
≪内燃機関全体の説明≫
図1は、第一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置が用いられる内燃機関を概略的に示す図である。図1を参照すると1は機関本体、2はシリンダブロック、3はシリンダブロック2内で往復動するピストン、4はシリンダブロック2上に固定されたシリンダヘッド、5はピストン3とシリンダヘッド4との間に形成された燃焼室、6は吸気弁、7は吸気ポート、8は排気弁、9は排気ポートをそれぞれ示す。吸気弁6は吸気ポート7を開閉し、排気弁8は排気ポート9を開閉する。
フィルタ24に捕集されたPMはフィルタ24上に堆積する。フィルタ24上へのPMの堆積量が増大すると、隔壁64内の細孔に目詰まりが生じ、フィルタ24に起因する排気ガスの圧力損失が大きくなる。圧力損失の増大は、排気ガスが流れにくくなることによる内燃機関の出力の低下や、燃焼の悪化を招いてしまう。したがって、内燃機関の出力の低下や燃焼の悪化を防止するためには、フィルタ24上へのPMの堆積量が限界堆積量よりも多くなった場合には、フィルタ24上に堆積しているPMを酸化除去する必要がある。ここで、限界堆積量とは、それ以上フィルタ24へのPMの堆積量が増大すると、フィルタ24に起因する圧力損失が増大して内燃機関の運転状態の悪化等を招いてしまうような量である。
CO+H2O→H2+CO2 …(1)
CH4+H2O→3H2+CO …(2)
C12H26+12H2O→25H2+12CO …(3)
2NO+5H2→2NH3+2H2O …(4)
4NH3+5O2→4NO2+6H2O …(5)
2NO2+2C→2CO2+N2 …(6)
NO2+C→CO+NO …(7)
O2+C→CO2 …(8)
O2+2C→2CO …(9)
ところで、フィルタ再生処理は、フィルタ24上のPMの堆積量が予め定められた所定の限界堆積量以上になると開始される。また、フィルタ再生処理は、フィルタ24上のPMの堆積量が予め定められた所定の再生終了量(限界堆積量よりも少ない)以下になると終了せしめられる。したがって、フィルタ再生処理の開始及び終了を適切なタイミングで行うためには、フィルタ24上のPMの堆積量を正確に推定することが必要である。そこで、本実施形態では、以下の原理により、フィルタ24の下流側に配置されたNOxセンサ49の出力に基づいて、フィルタ24上のPMの堆積量を推定するようにしている。
次に、図8を参照して、本実施形態に係る堆積量推定処理における具体的な制御について説明する。図8は、本実施形態に係る堆積量推定処理の制御ルーチンを示すフローチャートである。図示した制御ルーチンは一定の時間間隔毎に行われる。
次に、図10及び図11を参照して、第二実施形態に係る内燃機関の排気浄化装置について説明する。第二実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成及び制御は、基本的に第一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成及び制御と同様である。したがって、以下では、第一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成及び制御と異なる部分を中心に説明する。
5 燃焼室
11 燃料噴射弁
20 排気浄化触媒
25 二次空気供給装置
24 パティキュレートフィルタ(フィルタ)
31 電子制御ユニット(ECU)
46 触媒温度センサ
47 フィルタ温度センサ
48 差圧センサ
Claims (8)
- 内燃機関の排気通路内に配置された触媒機能を有する排気浄化触媒と、該排気浄化触媒よりも排気流れ方向下流側において前記排気通路内に配置されたパティキュレートフィルタと、前記排気浄化触媒よりも排気流れ方向下流側において前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガス中に酸素を含む気体を供給する酸素供給装置と、前記パティキュレートフィルタから流出する排気ガス中のアンモニアの濃度に応じて出力が変化する検出装置と、前記酸素供給装置を制御すると共に前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記排気浄化触媒の温度が活性温度以上の所定の温度範囲内であって前記内燃機関の本体から排出された排気ガスの空燃比が理論空燃比よりもリッチなリッチ空燃比である場合に、前記酸素供給装置から前記パティキュレートフィルタへ酸素を継続的又は断続的に供給するように前記酸素供給装置を制御すると共に、酸素を供給しているときの前記検出装置の出力に基づいて前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定する、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記所定の温度範囲が400℃以上600℃以下である、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 内燃機関の排気通路内に配置された触媒機能を有する排気浄化触媒と、該排気浄化触媒よりも排気流れ方向下流側において前記排気通路内に配置されたパティキュレートフィルタと、前記排気浄化触媒よりも排気流れ方向下流側において前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガス中に酸素を含む気体を供給する酸素供給装置と、前記パティキュレートフィルタから流出する排気ガス中のアンモニアの濃度に応じて出力が変化する検出装置と、前記酸素供給装置を制御すると共に前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記内燃機関の本体から排出された排気ガスの空燃比が理論空燃比よりもリッチなリッチ空燃比であるときに前記排気浄化触媒において水素又はアンモニアが生成される条件下において、前記酸素供給装置から前記パティキュレートフィルタへ酸素を継続的又は断続的に供給するように前記酸素供給装置を制御すると共に、酸素を供給しているときの前記検出装置の出力に基づいて前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定する、内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定するときには、前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガスの時間平均空燃比が理論空燃比となるように前記酸素供給装置に空気を供給させる、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定するときには、前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガスの空燃比が継続的に理論空燃比となるように継続的に前記酸素供給装置から酸素を供給させる、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記パティキュレートフィルタ上の粒子状物質の堆積量を推定するときには、前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガスの空燃比がリッチ空燃比と理論空燃比よりもリーンなリーン空燃比との間で交互に変化するように且つ前記パティキュレートフィルタに流入する排気ガスの時間平均空燃比が理論空燃比となるように、前記酸素供給装置から排気ガス中に空気を供給させる、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記検出装置は、前記排気ガス中のNOxを検出するNOxセンサであり、該NOxセンサは排気ガス中のNOxの濃度に加えてアンモニアの濃度に応じてその出力が変化するように構成される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記パティキュレートフィルタへの粒子状物質の堆積量が予め定められた量以上であるときには、前記パティキュレートフィルタに堆積した粒子状物質を除去するフィルタ再生処理を実行する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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