JP2019507959A - 高電圧スーパーキャパシタ - Google Patents
高電圧スーパーキャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019507959A JP2019507959A JP2018546474A JP2018546474A JP2019507959A JP 2019507959 A JP2019507959 A JP 2019507959A JP 2018546474 A JP2018546474 A JP 2018546474A JP 2018546474 A JP2018546474 A JP 2018546474A JP 2019507959 A JP2019507959 A JP 2019507959A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- -1 substituted alkyl pyridinium Chemical compound 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical class C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical class C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical compound C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 PXELHGDYRQLRQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLNRRPIYRBBHSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CCCN1CCCC1 HLNRRPIYRBBHSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUPLCMMXKFWTTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-1,3-dioxetan-2-one Chemical compound C=C1OC(=O)O1 BUPLCMMXKFWTTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005598 conductive polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
- G05D23/2401—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor using a heating element as a sensing element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G11/08—Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
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- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
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- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
炭素含有アノード(複数可)及びカソード(複数可)、中間多孔質膜(複数可)、並びにイオン液体電解質から構成されるスーパーキャパシタセル、
スーパーキャパシタセルを加熱するための電気ヒータ、及び
ヒータを制御するための、及びその粘度が、1〜50センチポアズの範囲にあるような温度でイオン液体の温度を維持するためのサーモスタット
を含むことを特徴とするスーパーキャパシタアセンブリが提供される。
任意選択でグラフェン及び/又はカーボンナノチューブ成分を含む、少なくとも1つのアノード及び/又は少なくとも1つのカソード、
アノード(複数可)とカソード(複数可)の間に位置する中間多孔質膜、
3.5ボルト超の電気化学窓を有する少なくとも1種のイオン液体組成物、及び
スーパーキャパシタが動作電圧を受けながら、40〜80℃の範囲の温度及び/又は1〜50センチポアズの範囲の粘度にイオン液体を維持するための制御手段
を含むことを特徴とする、その関連電解質の大幅な長期酸化還元劣化なしに、3.5〜6Vの範囲の動作電圧で動作することができるスーパーキャパシタが提供される。
グラフェンを含む粉末ナノカーボン組成物を、最終混合物のナノカーボン:CMC:SBRの重量比が90:5:5であるようにカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)及びスチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)から構成される水性バインダーと混合することにより、水性インキを調製した。次いで、バーコータを使用してインキの薄膜をアルミニウム箔の表面に塗布して、電極シートを形成した。次いで、シートを120〜150℃の真空下で乾燥し、ドライボックス内に保存した。その後、シートから直径16mmの電極ディスクを切り出した。
1−正の端子を有する底部ディスクキャップ
2−2つのスペーサ
3−第1の電極ディスク
4−75μlのイオン液体
5−膜セパレータディスク(直径19mm)
6−75μlのイオン液体
7−第2の電極ディスク
8−第3のスペーサ
9−スプリング
10−負の端子を有する底部ディスクキャップ
各試験で、標準充放電サイクル及び充電用+10mA及び放電用−10mAの定電流を使用して、記載の動作電圧及び温度で新しいコインセルに10回のサイクルを実施した。各場合で、充放電曲線をプロットし、C=I/(dV/dT)(ここで、Cはキャパシタンス、Iは電流、dV/dTはプロットの傾きである)の関係を使用してセルのキャパシタンスを計算するのに使用した。同時に、ESR=ΔV/2I(ここで、ΔVは電圧降下である)の関係を使用して、充放電曲線間の電圧降下及び電流からセル用の等価直列抵抗(ESR、単位オーム)を算出した。図1及び図2の棒グラフで表される結果は、コインセルの内容物の温度が高くなると、イオン液体の粘度が低下する結果、キャパシタンスが改善することを示す。これらのシステムでは、ピークキャパシタンスは、4〜5Vの範囲の動作電圧で見られる。ESRは、この範囲では比較的低いままであるが、より高い電圧では増加し始める。
Claims (15)
- 炭素含有アノード(複数可)及びカソード(複数可)、中間多孔質膜(複数可)、並びにイオン液体電解質から構成されるスーパーキャパシタ、
前記スーパーキャパシタを加熱するための電気ヒータ、及び
前記ヒータを制御するための、及びその粘度が1〜50センチポアズの範囲にあるような温度に前記イオン液体の温度を維持するためのサーモスタット
を含むことを特徴とするスーパーキャパシタアセンブリ。 - 携帯用又は個人用電気デバイスに電力を供給する又は再充電するための、請求項1に記載の種類のスーパーキャパシタアセンブリの使用。
- 炭素含有アノード(複数可)及びカソード(複数可)、中間多孔質膜(複数可)、並びにイオン液体電解質から構成されるスーパーキャパシタを動作させる方法において、前記イオン液体の粘度が1〜50センチポアズの範囲にあるような温度に前記イオン液体を維持するステップを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記粘度が、1〜40センチポアズの範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記温度が、40〜80℃の範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- その関連電解質の大幅な長期酸化還元劣化なしに3.5〜6Vの範囲の動作電圧で動作するスーパーキャパシタにおいて、
任意選択でグラフェン及び/又はカーボンナノチューブ成分を含む、少なくとも1つのアノード及び/又は少なくとも1つのカソード、
前記アノード(複数可)と前記カソード(複数可)の間に位置する中間多孔質膜、
3.5ボルト超の電気化学窓を有する少なくとも1種のイオン液体組成物、及び
前記スーパーキャパシタが、前記動作電圧を受けながら、40〜80℃の範囲の温度及び/又は1〜50センチポアズの範囲の粘度に前記イオン液体を維持するための制御手段
を含むことを特徴とする、スーパーキャパシタ。 - 4V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 4.5V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項7に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 5V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 5.5V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 4〜6Vの範囲の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 大幅な長期酸化還元劣化なしに4.5〜5.5Vの範囲の動作電圧で動作すること、及び4.5V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 5V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 5.5V超の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項13に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
- 4〜6Vの範囲の電気化学窓を有するイオン液体を使用することを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のスーパーキャパシタ。
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