JP2018514908A - ナトリウムイオン電池用の正極活性物質 - Google Patents
ナトリウムイオン電池用の正極活性物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018514908A JP2018514908A JP2017551691A JP2017551691A JP2018514908A JP 2018514908 A JP2018514908 A JP 2018514908A JP 2017551691 A JP2017551691 A JP 2017551691A JP 2017551691 A JP2017551691 A JP 2017551691A JP 2018514908 A JP2018514908 A JP 2018514908A
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- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- capacity
- sodium ion
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- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 95
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 74
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RPMPQTVHEJVLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaaluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3] RPMPQTVHEJVLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021525 ceramic electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100317222 Borrelia hermsii vsp3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 fluorite phosphates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002551 Fe-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005536 Jahn Teller effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003174 MnOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021314 NaFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007565 Zn—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-AXTSPUMRSA-N namn Chemical compound O1[C@@H](COP(O)([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[N+]1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-AXTSPUMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
- C01G49/0027—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing one alkali metal
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
- C01G49/0072—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
NaxMn1−y−zMyM′zO2 (I)
(式中、MはTi、V、Cr、Zr、AlおよびCuから選択される1つ以上の元素であり;TiはTi3+およびTi4+から選択され;VはV2+、V3+、V4+およびV5+から選択され;CrはCr2+、Cr3+およびCr6+から選択され;ZrはZr4+であり、AlはAl3+であり、CuはCu2+であり;
M′はFe、NiおよびZnから選択される1つ以上の元素であり;FeはFe2+およびFe3+から選択され;NiはNi3+であり、ZnはZn4+であり;
Mnの酸化状態は3+から4+までであり;
0.6<x≦1.0;
0<y≦0.4;
0.05≦z≦0.2;
但し、0.05<(y+z)≦0.4である。)
の化合物またはその水和した形を含むことを特徴とする、ナトリウムイオン2次電池用の正極活性物質に関する。
NaxMn1−y−zMyM′zO2 (I)
(式中、MはTi、V、Cr、Zr、AlおよびCuから選択される1つ以上の元素であり;TiはTi3+およびTi4+から選択され;VはV2+、V3+、V4+およびV5+から選択され;CrはCr2+、Cr3+およびCr6+から選択され;ZrはZr4+であり、AlはAl3+であり、CuはCu2+であり;
M′はFe、NiおよびZnから選択される1つ以上の元素であり;FeはFe2+およびFe3+から選択され;NiはNi3+であり、ZnはZn4+であり;
Mnの酸化状態は3+から4+までであり;
0.6<x≦1.0;
0<y≦0.4;
0.05≦z≦0.2;
但し、0.05<(y+z)≦0.4である。)
の化合物またはその水和した形を含むことを特徴とする、ナトリウムイオン2次電池用の正極活性物質に関する。
Nax(H2O)aHbMn1−y−zMyM′zO2
(式中、M、M′、x、yおよびzは、前述の通りであり、
0≦a≦0.1および0≦b≦0.2であり、
H2OおよびH+は、式(I)の化合物の結晶構造の層間にコ‐インターカレートされている。)
のように表すことができる。
以下の初期のままのP2相粉末材料を合成した。
Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Ti0.1O2およびその水和物
Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Al0.1O2
Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Cu0.1O2
Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Ti0.1O2
Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Cu0.1O2
Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Al0.1O2
Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.05Ti0.05O2
純粋な材料を、すべての研究組成物において得た。
P63/mmc空間群において結晶化したすべては、NaxMnO2、a=b=2.8603Å、c=11.153Åに対して報告された値と良く一致した格子パラメータである。
実施例1に従って作製した初期のままP2相を粉末材料、スーパー炭素C65およびPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)を80:10:10の質量比でNMP(N‐メチル‐2‐ピロリドン)中で混合し、次いで2時間激しく撹拌することによって、スラリー電極を作製した。次いで上記スラリーを、ミニコーターを用いてアルミニウム集電体シート上に注いだ。積層体を120℃で12時間真空乾燥した。円形の電極を打ち抜き、電池組立の前に5トンでプレスした。Ar充填グローブボックス中で、49:49:2のEC(エチレンカーボネート):PC(プロピレンカーボネート):FEC(フルオロエチレンカーボネート)比で1.0MのNaPF6および2032コイン型電池におけるアノードとして金属Naを用いて、Na半電池を組み立てた。
4.0〜2.0Vの電圧範囲内でBioLogic VMP3を用いて、定電流電気化学的試験を行った。すべてのCレートを、1Naデインターカレーションの245.19mAh/gの完全理論比容量に基づいて計算する。
4.0〜2.0Vの電圧範囲内でBioLogic VMP3を用いて、定電流電気化学的試験を行った。2つの異なる実施計画を使用した;最初のものは、1Cで40サイクルのサイクル安定性試験であり、2つ目はレート能力試験(C/10、C/5、1C、5C、10Cおよび50Cで5サイクル)である。
(a)Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Cu0.1O2;(b)Na2/3Mn0.8Zn0.1Ti0.1O2;(c)Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Cu0.1O2および(d)Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Al0.1O2に対する、100サイクル後の1Cでの層状酸化物の電気化学的性能は、図9において観察することができる。
図10には、50Cまでの異なるCレートでの前述の材料の電気化学的性能を示す。
電流が増加する容量値の正常な減少は、すべての場合に観察することができるが、C/10レートを30サイクル目で回復する場合、その容量値は5サイクル目であったように回復されることに注意しなければならない(表4参照)。
第1の充電/放電サイクルにおける容量値が63.86mAh/gおよび115.45mAh/gであることがわかった、それらは25サイクル目で一定であるように見える(107.03/103.77mAh/g)。100サイクル後、初期容量の76.5%が維持される。
Claims (15)
- 式(I):
NaxMn1−y−zMyM′zO2 (I)
(式中、MはTi、V、Cr、Zr、AlおよびCuから選択される1つ以上の元素であり;TiはTi3+およびTi4+から選択され;VはV2+、V3+、V4+およびV5+から選択され;CrはCr2+、Cr3+およびCr6+から選択され;ZrはZr4+であり、AlはAl3+であり、CuはCu2+であり;
M′はFe、NiおよびZnから選択される1つ以上の元素であり;FeはFe2+およびFe3+から選択され;NiはNi3+であり、ZnはZn4+であり;
Mnの酸化状態は3+から4+までであり;
0.6<x≦1.0;
0<y≦0.4;
0.05≦z≦0.2;
但し、0.05<(y+z)≦0.4である。)
の化合物またはその水和した形を含むことを特徴とする、ナトリウムイオン2次電池用の正極活性物質。 - 前記式(I)の化合物が単相であり、初期のままのP2またはO3層状結晶構造を有する、請求項1記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記添字「y」が、0.05≦y≦0.2で定義される、請求項1または2記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記添字「y」が、0.05≦y≦0.1で定義される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記添字「z」が、0.05≦z≦0.1で定義される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記添字の和(y+z)が、0.1≦(y+z)≦0.2で定義される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記添字「y」が0.1である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記添字「z」が0.1である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記MはTi、AlおよびCuから選択され、TiはTi3+およびTi4+から選択され、AlはAl3+であり、CuはCu2+である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記M′はFeおよびZnから選択され、FeはFe2+およびFe3+から選択され、ZnはZn4+である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 前記式(I)の化合物が、Na2/3Mn0.8Ti0.1Fe0.1O2;Na2/3Mn0.8Cu0.1Fe0.1O2;Na2/3Mn0.8Al0.1Fe0.1O2;Na2/3Mn0.8Ti0.1Zn0.1O2;Na2/3Mn0.8Cu0.1Zn0.1O2;Na2/3Mn0.8Al0.1Zn0.1O2;およびNa2/3Mn0.8Ti0.05Fe0.05O2から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質を含む、再充電可能なナトリウムイオン2次電池用のカソード。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項記載の正極活性物質、導電性添加物およびバインダーを含む膜によって被覆されたアルミニウム箔または銅箔から形成される集電体を含む、請求項12記載のカソード。
- 請求項12または13記載のカソードを含む再充電可能なナトリウムイオン2次電池。
- エネルギー貯蔵装置としての請求項14記載の再充電可能なナトリウムイオン2次電池の使用。
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EP3277636A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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US20180123164A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
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