JP2018508232A - 灌漑チューブにおける根の侵入の改善 - Google Patents
灌漑チューブにおける根の侵入の改善 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018508232A JP2018508232A JP2017559276A JP2017559276A JP2018508232A JP 2018508232 A JP2018508232 A JP 2018508232A JP 2017559276 A JP2017559276 A JP 2017559276A JP 2017559276 A JP2017559276 A JP 2017559276A JP 2018508232 A JP2018508232 A JP 2018508232A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- area
- irrigation system
- continuous
- tube
- aqueous fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/552—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by applying solvents or auxiliary agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/555—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by ultrasonic heating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
D=−4ΩCosβ/P
上式中、
P=加圧力、PSIA
Ω=表面張力、485ダイン/cm
β=接触角、130°
D=細孔直径、μm
D=180.457/P(60,000PSI 約30Å)
円筒形細孔モデル
dV=n(πD2/4)L
dA=n(πD)L
dA=(4/D)dV
*HHは、それを超えると水がTyvek(登録商標)を透過する水圧である。
**100ccの空気が12.45cmの水の圧力下で1in2のTyvek(登録商標)を透過するのにかかる時間(sec)
***Frazierが、0.5inの水の圧力下でft3/ft2/分の単位で空気流を測定する
NW1は、米国特許第7,744,989号明細書に従って調製された材料である。
様々な材料および長さによる灌漑チューブをトウモロコシの列の間に約76cm離れた平行な列で砂質畑に設置した。チューブを砂質土壌の表面の約25cm下に埋め、様々な加圧力で水を充填した。チューブの様々な種類および長さのセグメントを畑に並べて設置した。表3は、使用されるチューブの種類、それらの加圧力およびチューブセグメントの長さを示す。チューブは1つの種まき期間中畑を灌漑し、観察および分析のためにそれらが掘り出されるまで約15ヶ月間地中にあった。図5、6および7は、畑から掘り出された様々なチューブ試料における根の暴露の効果を示す。図5および6は、SMSチューブが根の侵入のために著しい損傷を受けたことを示す。図5は、SMSチューブに沿って根の侵入がどれぐらい広範であったかを示す。図6は、チューブの壁を通って侵入する根を示すSMSチューブの横断面の走査電子顕微鏡写真である。図7は、プレキシフィラメント状ウェブがこのような侵入を受けなかったことを示す。プレキシフィラメント状チューブセグメントが地中で折られ根が折り目に囲まれる場合でも、根の侵入がないことまたは他のあらゆる損傷が観察された。
この実地試験においてチューブの一方の面を覆う紙層を有するプレキシフィラメント状材料1のチューブを使用した。2つのプレキシフィラメント状ウェブ層と上部の紙とを全て超音波で融着した。チューブをトウモロコシの列の間に約76cm離れた平行な列でローム性砂質畑に設置した。チューブをローム性砂質土壌の表面の約38cm下に埋め、約160cmwcの加圧力で水を充填した。チューブは1つの種まき期間中畑を灌漑し、観察および分析のためにそれらが掘り出されるまで約4ヶ月間地中にあった。図8および9の写真に示されるように紙への根の貫通は観察されたが、紙と接触しているプレキシフィラメント状ウェブへの根の貫通は観察されなかった。図10は、根が貫入している紙層の横断面の走査電子顕微鏡写真を示す。
Claims (12)
- 地中灌漑チューブの領域を根または微生物集団の侵入から保護するための水性流体灌漑システムにおいて、地中灌漑チューブを覆う多孔性カバーを含み、前記カバーがチューブ表面の前記領域を本質的に覆い、前記カバーが35ミクロン未満のピーク空隙容積を特徴とする非プレキシフィラメント状材料を含み、500平方ミクロン以下の面積の前記非プレキシフィラメント状材料の任意の平面領域が、水性流体に暴露される時に連続したままである連続ポリマー構造を含有する、水性流体灌漑システム。
- 300平方ミクロン以下の面積の前記材料の任意の平面領域が、水性流体に暴露される時に連続したままである連続ポリマー構造を含有する、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 100平方ミクロン以下の面積の前記材料の任意の平面領域が、水性流体に暴露される時に連続したままである連続ポリマー構造を含有する、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 50平方ミクロン以下の面積の前記材料の任意の平面領域が、水性流体に暴露される時に連続したままである連続ポリマー構造を含有する、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記連続ポリマー構造が微孔性フィルムである、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記チューブが本質的に前記非プレキシフィラメント状材料からなる、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記非プレキシフィラメント状材料が繊維を含み、前記連続ポリマー構造が複数の固められた繊維から形成される、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記固められた繊維が、任意の与えられた繊維が少なくとも2つの他の繊維に接着される三次元網目構造材料に固められる、請求項8に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記材料がSMS構造を有する、請求項9に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記固められた繊維が、熱接着、溶剤接着、接着剤接着および前述のものの任意の組合せからなる群から選択される手段によって固められている、請求項8に記載の灌漑システム。
- 前記カバーがパッチの形態である、請求項1に記載の灌漑システム。
- 地中灌漑チューブの領域を根または微生物集団の侵入から保護するための方法において、多孔性カバーを領域の上に提供する工程を含み、表面カバーが前記チューブ表面の前記領域を本質的に覆い、前記カバーが、ピーク空隙容積を特徴とし得る米国特許第7,744,989号明細書に記載される方法によって製造された材料を含み、ピーク空隙容積が35ミクロン未満であり、500平方ミクロン以下の面積の前記材料の任意の平面領域が、水性流体に暴露される時に連続したままである連続ポリマー構造を含有する、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562110711P | 2015-02-02 | 2015-02-02 | |
US62/110,711 | 2015-02-02 | ||
PCT/US2016/015926 WO2016126591A1 (en) | 2015-02-02 | 2016-02-01 | Root intrusion improvements in irrigation tubes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2018508232A true JP2018508232A (ja) | 2018-03-29 |
JP2018508232A5 JP2018508232A5 (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
Family
ID=55447109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017559276A Pending JP2018508232A (ja) | 2015-02-02 | 2016-02-01 | 灌漑チューブにおける根の侵入の改善 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180014478A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3253196A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2018508232A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107205346A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112017015987A2 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL253442A0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016126591A1 (ja) |
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JPS4420906Y1 (ja) * | 1965-02-05 | 1969-09-05 | ||
EP0055385A1 (de) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-07 | Akzo GmbH | System für unterirdische Bewässerung oder Tränkung von Böden und dessen Verwendung |
JPH01149934U (ja) * | 1988-04-05 | 1989-10-17 | ||
JP2006057363A (ja) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-03-02 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 通水、通気性パイプ |
JP3188276U (ja) * | 2013-10-07 | 2014-01-16 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | 植物栽培装置 |
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2016
- 2016-02-01 JP JP2017559276A patent/JP2018508232A/ja active Pending
- 2016-02-01 WO PCT/US2016/015926 patent/WO2016126591A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-02-01 CN CN201680008373.0A patent/CN107205346A/zh active Pending
- 2016-02-01 EP EP16707281.8A patent/EP3253196A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-01 US US15/546,133 patent/US20180014478A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-02-01 BR BR112017015987A patent/BR112017015987A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2017
- 2017-07-12 IL IL253442A patent/IL253442A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
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JPS4420906Y1 (ja) * | 1965-02-05 | 1969-09-05 | ||
EP0055385A1 (de) * | 1980-12-31 | 1982-07-07 | Akzo GmbH | System für unterirdische Bewässerung oder Tränkung von Böden und dessen Verwendung |
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JP3188276U (ja) * | 2013-10-07 | 2014-01-16 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | 植物栽培装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180014478A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
CN107205346A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
BR112017015987A2 (pt) | 2018-03-20 |
EP3253196A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
WO2016126591A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
IL253442A0 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
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