JP2018503602A - α−アサリルアルデヒドエステル、その調製方法及びその用途 - Google Patents
α−アサリルアルデヒドエステル、その調製方法及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018503602A JP2018503602A JP2017527866A JP2017527866A JP2018503602A JP 2018503602 A JP2018503602 A JP 2018503602A JP 2017527866 A JP2017527866 A JP 2017527866A JP 2017527866 A JP2017527866 A JP 2017527866A JP 2018503602 A JP2018503602 A JP 2018503602A
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- asalonol
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Abstract
Description
アコルス・グラミネウス・ソランドは芳香、辛味及び温性を有し、湿(dampness)をとって胃の正常機能を回復させ、蘇生のために痰を散らし、知性を高め、精神を安定させる効果を有するため、一般に脳卒中、痰による気絶(phlegm syncope)、癲癇、昏睡、健忘等の治療に使用される。
主な化学組成には、主にβ−アサロン、α−アサロン等を含有する揮発性油、アミノ酸及び糖等が含まれる。現代の薬理学的研究から、アコルス・グラミネウス・ソランドが抗認知症、神経細胞保護、抗突然変異、抗癲癇効果等を有することが示唆されている。
ポリガラ・テヌイフォリアの化学組成には主にトリテルペノイドサポニン、糖エステル及びキサントンが含まれ、少量のアルカロイド、クマリン、リグニン等も含有される。研究から、ポリガラ・テヌイフォリアが認知症への抵抗、脳保護、鎮静、痙攣への抵抗、鬱病への抵抗、去痰及び鎮咳、心血管及び脳血管の保護等において良好な活性を有することが示されている。
有機溶媒がジクロロメタン、トリクロロメタン、テトラクロロメタン、テトラヒドロフラン、酢酸エチル、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、1,4−ジオキサン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド及びジメチルスルホキシドの1つ、又はそれらの任意の組合せであり、
脱水剤がジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DDC)、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDCI)又はジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC)である、方法を提供する。
この場合、式IIの化合物、式IIIの化合物及び触媒を1.0〜2.0:1.0〜2.0:0.1〜1.0のモル比で、好適な有機溶媒が入った反応容器に順次添加し、完全な溶解後に脱水剤を添加し(ここで、脱水剤と式IIの化合物とのモル比は1〜2:1である)、混合物を室温で5時間〜20時間撹拌し、反応の終了後に反応混合物を酢酸エチル/水で抽出して、有機相を分離した後、これを無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して生成物を得る。上記スキームにおいて、式IIの化合物、式IIIの化合物及び触媒のモル比は1.0:1.0〜1.2:0.1〜0.3であるのが好ましい。
有機溶媒はジクロロメタン、トリクロロメタン、テトラクロロメタン、テトラヒドロフラン、酢酸エチル、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、1,4−ジオキサン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド又はそれらの任意の組合せを含み、好ましくはN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジクロロメタン又はテトラクロロメタンが溶媒として使用され、
脱水剤はジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DDC)、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDCI)又はジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC)であり、好ましくはEDCIが脱水剤として使用される。
式IIの化合物、式IIIの化合物、アゾ化合物及び有機リン化合物を1〜1.5:1〜1.5:1〜1.5:1〜1.5のモル比で乾燥テトラヒドロフランに溶解し、室温で10時間〜48時間反応させ、反応混合物を酢酸エチル/水で抽出して有機相を分離した後、これを無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して生成物を得る。ここで、式IIの化合物、式IIIの化合物、アゾ化合物及び有機リン化合物のモル比は1:1〜1.1:1〜1.2:1〜1.2であるのが好ましい。
本発明の式Iの化合物は1つ又は複数の不斉炭素原子を含んでいてもよく、その任意の立体異性体及び立体異性体の混合物が本発明の範囲に含まれる。
(1)化合物IVと化合物Vとを脂肪アルコール及び触媒の存在下で反応させて、化合物VIを得ることと:
(2)化合物VIを還元して化合物IIを得ることと:
工程(1)に使用される脂肪族アルコールは、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、イソブタノール、n−アミルアルコール及びイソアミルアルコールの1つ、又はそれらの任意の組合せ、好ましくはメタノール及びエタノールの1つ、又はそれらの任意の組合せである。脂肪族アルコールと化合物Vとのモル比は1:1〜1:10であり、好ましくは脂肪族アルコールと化合物Vとのモル比は1:1〜1:4である。使用される触媒はピリジン、2,4,6−トリメチルピリジン、2,6−ジメチルピリジン、2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルピリジン、4−ジメチルピリジン、ピペリジン及びテトラヒドロピロールの1つ、又はそれらの任意の組合せである。触媒と2,4,5−トリメトキシベンズアルデヒドとのモル比は0.1:1〜2:1である。
使用される溶媒はテトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサン、ジメチルエチルエーテル、トルエン、ベンゼン、キシレン、ジエチルエーテル、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、トリクロロメタン、テトラクロロメタン及びn−ヘキサンの1つ、又はそれらの任意の組合せである。
反応温度は−78℃〜25℃であり、反応時間は0.5時間〜24時間である。
2,4,5−トリメトシキケイ皮酸メチルの調製
(Preparation of methyl 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate)
減圧下で濃縮した後、酢酸エチル(200mL)及び水(200mL)を混合物に添加し、混合物を3回抽出及び分離した。有機相を合わせ、減圧下で濃縮した後、エタノール(1000mL)を添加した。有機物質を冷蔵庫に一晩置き、沈殿させた。吸引濾過の後、残渣を500mLの氷冷エタノールで3回洗浄して、166.3gの淡黄色固体を66%の収率で得た。
混合物をゆっくりと温め、室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、水(23g)、10%の水酸化ナトリウム(23mL)及び水(69mL)をゆっくりと添加した。沈殿後に混合物を吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。次いで、酢酸エチル(50mL)及び水(100mL)を混合物に添加し、混合物を3回抽出及び分離した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、28.0gの淡黄色固体を50%の収率で得た。
実施例1
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、17.76gの黄色固体を80%の収率で得た。
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、0.82gの黄色固体を50%の収率で得た。
実施例3
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、0.59gの黄色固体を45%の収率で得た。
実施例4
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、1.68gの黄色固体を65%の収率で得た。
実施例5
混合物をゆっくりと温め、室温で6時間又は一晩撹拌した。2mol/L希塩酸を用いてpHをpH=4に調整し、反応溶液を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させて、3.78gの白色固体であるboc−L−プロリンを88%の収率で得た。
原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水で3回抽出及び分離した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、1.10gの黄色固体であるboc−L−プロリンα−アサロノールを58%の収率で得た。
減圧下で濃縮した後、酢酸エチル(20mL)、水(20mL)及び飽和重炭酸ナトリウム水溶液(50mL)を添加し、混合物を3回抽出及び分離した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して、0.69gの淡黄色固体であるL−プロリンα−アサロノールを93%の収率で得た。
実施例6
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、1.24gの黄色固体を40%の収率で得た。
実施例7
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、1.23gの黄色固体を44%の収率で得た。
実施例8
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、0.81gの黄色固体を30%の収率で得た。
実施例9
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、1.03gの黄色固体を62%の収率で得た。
実施例10
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、0.69gの黄色固体を60%の収率で得た。
実施例11
反応をTLCによってモニタリングした。原料物質の反応の終了後に、飽和重炭酸ナトリウム溶液を添加してpHをpH=7〜8に調整した。混合物を酢酸エチル/水系で抽出し、3回洗浄した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、0.35gの黄色固体を48%の収率で得た。
実施例12
氷浴条件下でα−アサロノール0.56g(2.5mmol)、ピリジン0.60g(7.6mmol)、及び塩化プロピオニルのフラン溶液を添加した。混合物を15分間撹拌し、3時間加熱還流した。反応の終了後に混合物を冷却し、ピリジン塩酸塩を濾過によって除去した。テトラヒドロフランを濾液から減圧下で留去した。酢酸エチル/水を用いて残渣を分離した。有機相を合わせ、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、吸引濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。
得られる粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムによって単離して、0.44gの黄色固体を65%の収率で得た。
3,4,5−トリメトシキケイ皮酸α−アサロノールの活性に関する研究
(Study on theActivity of α-Asaronol 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate)
異なる化学モデルにおける抗痙攣効果の薬理学的機構を更に研究及び評価するために、2つの古典的化学モデルであるペンタロテトラゾール(pentarotetrazole)及び3−メルカプトプロピオン酸を使用した。
(1)最大電気ショック発作(MES)
(Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES))
最大電気ショック発作耐容試験は以下のように行った:マウスに試験化合物を溶解後に胃内投与した後、投与のそれぞれ0.25時間後、0.5時間後、1時間後、2時間後、3時間後及び4時間後に、それらの耳の電極により15V、60Hzの電気刺激で0.45秒間刺激した。マウスが後肢硬直を示さなかった場合、試験化合物がその用量で抗痙攣活性を有するとした。
投与計画に従って濃度勾配を設計し、マウスに試験化合物を異なる濃度勾配で投与し、抗痙攣活性について観察した。最後に、最大抗痙攣活性での試験化合物の半数有効量を以下の等式に従って算出した:
ED50=lg−1[Xm−i(ΣP−0.5)]
SX50=i(ΣP−ΣP2/n−1)1/2
ED50の95%信頼限界=lg−1(lgED50±1.96SX50)
ここで、等式中の記号の意味は以下のとおりである:
Xm 最大用量の常用対数
i 用量間の比率の常用対数
p 小数位で表示される各群の陽性率
n 1群当たりの動物の数
SX50 lgED50の標準誤差
(Neurotoxicity test)
投与計画に従って濃度勾配を設計し、マウスに試験化合物を異なる濃度勾配で投与し、抗痙攣活性について観察した。半数中毒量(TD50)を以下の等式に従って算出した:
TD50=lg−1[Xm−i(ΣP−0.5)]
SX50=i(ΣP−ΣP2/n−1)1/2
TD50の95%信頼限界=lg−1(lgTD50±1.96SX50)
ここで、等式中の記号の意味は以下のとおりである:
Xm 最大用量の常用対数
i 用量間の比率の常用対数
p 小数位で表示される各群の陽性率
n 1群当たりの動物の数
SX50 lgTD50の標準誤差
(3)ペンチレンテトラゾール誘発性癲癇の実験モデル
(pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy experimental model)
30分後に、マウスにペンチレンテトラゾールを200mg/kgで胃内投与した。各試験動物を1つのケージに入れ、60分間観察した。各群のマウスについて間代発作の潜伏時間、間代発作の数、強直発作の数及び死亡数を記録した。
ペンチレンテトラゾールは、脳内に存在する主要な抑制性神経伝達物質であり、癲癇と密接に関連するγ−アミノ酪酸(GABA)神経伝達物質を阻害することによって痙攣を誘発する。表3によると、3,4,5−トリメトシキケイ皮酸α−アサロノールは、GABA神経伝達物質を増大することによってペンチレンテトラゾール誘発性発作を阻害又は低減する可能性がある。
(4)3−メルカプトプロピオン酸誘発性癲癇実験モデル
(3-mercaptopropionic acid-induced epilepsy experimental model)
30分後に、マウスに3−メルカプトプロピオン酸を60mg/kgで胃内投与した。各試験動物を1つのケージに入れ、60分間観察した。各群のマウスについて間代発作の潜伏時間、間代発作の数、強直発作の数及び死亡数を記録した。
3−メルカプトプロピオン酸はGABA合成酵素グルタミン酸デカルボキシラーゼの競合阻害剤であり、GABA合成を阻害し、脳内のGABAレベルの減少をもたらす。3,4,5−トリメトシキケイ皮酸α−アサロノールは3−メルカプトプロピオン酸誘発性発作を適度に低減することができ、3,4,5−トリメトシキケイ皮酸α−アサロノールがGABA合成酵素グルタミン酸デカルボキシラーゼを活性化するか、又は脳内GABAを阻害し得ることが示される。
Claims (10)
- Rがアリールメチル、一置換アリールメチル若しくは多置換アリールメチル;アリールエチル、一置換若しくは多置換アリールエチル;アリールビニル、一置換若しくは多置換アリールビニル;又は置換フェノキシエチルである、請求項1に記載のα−アサロノールのエステル。
- 請求項1に記載のα−アサロノールのエステルを調製する方法であって、式IIの化合物、式IIIの化合物及び触媒を1.0〜2.0:1.0〜2.0:0.1〜1.0のモル比で、好適な有機溶媒が入った反応容器に順次添加することと、完全な溶解後に脱水剤を添加することと(ここで、該脱水剤と前記式IIの化合物とのモル比は1〜2:1である)、混合物を室温で5時間〜20時間撹拌することと、反応の終了後に、反応混合物を酢酸エチル/水で抽出して有機相を分離した後、これを無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して生成物を得ることとを含み、
前記有機溶媒がジクロロメタン、トリクロロメタン、テトラクロロメタン、テトラヒドロフラン、酢酸エチル、メチルtert−ブチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、1,4−ジオキサン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド及びジメチルスルホキシドの1つ、又はそれらの任意の組合せであり、
前記脱水剤がジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド塩酸塩又はジイソプロピルカルボジイミドである、方法。 - α−アサロノール、前記式の化合物、アゾ化合物及び有機リン化合物を1〜1.5:1〜1.5:1〜1.5:1〜1.5のモル比で乾燥テトラヒドロフランに溶解することと、室温で10時間〜48時間反応させることと、反応混合物を酢酸エチル/水で抽出して有機相を分離した後、これを無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して生成物を得ることとを含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記アゾ化合物がアゾジカルボン酸ジエチル、アゾジカルボン酸ジイソプロピル、アゾジカルボン酸ジピペリジド、N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルアゾジカルボキサミド、N,N,N’,N’−テトライソプロピルアゾジカルボキサミド又は4,7−ジメチル−3,4,5,6,7,8−ヘキサヒドロ−1,2,4,7−テトラアザジシン−3,8−ジオンである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記有機リン化合物がトリフェニルホスフィン、トリブチルホスフィン又はトリメチルホスフィンである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物の立体異性体又は異なる立体異性化合物の混合物。
- 沈静、精神安定、老年性認知症への抵抗、痙攣への抵抗、癲癇への抵抗及び鬱病への抵抗のための薬剤の調製における請求項1又は10に記載の化合物の使用。
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