JP2018502120A - 組合せ腫瘍免疫療法 - Google Patents
組合せ腫瘍免疫療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018502120A JP2018502120A JP2017535690A JP2017535690A JP2018502120A JP 2018502120 A JP2018502120 A JP 2018502120A JP 2017535690 A JP2017535690 A JP 2017535690A JP 2017535690 A JP2017535690 A JP 2017535690A JP 2018502120 A JP2018502120 A JP 2018502120A
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2014年12月31日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/098,568号;2015年1月22日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/106,526号および2015年2月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/118,165号からの優先権を主張する。
1.がん細胞抗原の放出;
2.抗原提示細胞(APC;通例、流入領域リンパ節内のAPC)によるがん細胞抗原の提示;
3.T細胞のプライミングおよび活性化;
4.CD8+T細胞の、腫瘍への輸送;
5.CD8+T細胞の、腫瘍内への浸潤;
6.浸潤CD8+T細胞によるがん細胞の認識;ならびに
7.がん細胞の殺滅
へと分けることができる。
本明細書でそうでないことが規定されない限り、本発明との関連で使用される科学用語および技術用語は、当業者により一般的に理解される意味を有するものとする。さらに、文脈によりそうでないことが要求されない限り、単数形の用語は、複数形を含むものとし、複数形の用語は、単数形を含むものとする。一般に、本明細書で記載される、細胞培養および組織培養、分子生物学、免疫学、微生物学、遺伝学、ならびにタンパク質化学および核酸化学およびハイブリダイゼーションとの関連で使用される命名法、ならびにこれらについての技法は、周知の命名法および技法であり、当技術分野において一般的に使用されている命名法および技法である。
CpGオリゴヌクレオチド(CpG DNA;CpG ODN)は、免疫応答を誘発することが見出されている特異的配列を含有する。これらの特異的配列を、「免疫刺激性モチーフ」と称し、免疫刺激性モチーフを含有するオリゴヌクレオチドを、「免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチド分子」と称し、同等に、「免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチド」と称する。免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチドは、少なくとも1つの免疫刺激性モチーフを含み、このモチーフは、内部モチーフであることが好ましい。「内部免疫刺激性モチーフ」という用語は、モチーフ配列より少なくとも1ヌクレオチド長い(5’末端および3’末端の両方)、オリゴヌクレオチド配列内のモチーフ配列の位置を指す。
5’X1CGX2 3’
[式中、X1およびX2は、ヌクレオチドである。一部の実施形態では、X1は、アデニン、グアニン、もしくはチミンであることが可能であり、かつ/またはX2は、シトシン、アデニン、またはチミンでありうる]により表される。
5’X1X2CGX3X4 3’
[式中、X1、X2、X3、およびX4は、ヌクレオチドである。X2は、アデニン、グアニン、またはチミンでありうる。X3は、シトシン、アデニン、またはチミンでありうる]によっても表される。
5’N1X1X2CGX3X4N2 3’
[式中、X1、X2、X3、およびX4は、ヌクレオチドであり、Nは、任意のヌクレオチドであり、N1およびN2は、約0〜25個ずつのNから構成されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列である。X1X2は、GpT、GpG、GpA、ApA、ApT、ApG、CpT、CpA、CpG、TpA、TpT、およびTpGからなる群より選択されるジヌクレオチドであることが可能であり;X3X4は、TpT、ApT、TpG、ApG、CpG、TpC、ApC、CpC、TpA、ApA、およびCpAからなる群より選択されるジヌクレオチドでありうる]により表されるオリゴヌクレオチドも含む。
クラスC ODNの例は、
5’C_G*T*C_G*T*C_G*T*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3’(配列番号114);
5’G*T*C_G*T*C_G*T*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3’(配列番号115);
5’T*C_G*T*C_G*T*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3’(配列番号116);
5’C_G*T*C_G*T*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3’(配列番号117);
5’G*T*C_G*T*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3’(配列番号118);または
5’T*C_G*T*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3’(配列番号119)
[式中、5’は、オリゴヌクレオチドの遊離5’末端を指し、3’は、オリゴヌクレオチドの遊離3’末端を指す]でありうる。
クラスE ODNの例は、
オリゴヌクレオチドの化学修飾についての、より詳細な例は、以下の通りである。
A.PD−1
CD279としてもまた公知の、プログラム死1受容体(PD−1)とは、活性化T細胞(CD8+T細胞を含む)上、B細胞上、およびマクロファージ上で発現する1型膜タンパク質である。その同族リガンドは、PD−L1およびPD−L2であり、特に、PD−L1による、PD−1への結合は、T細胞内の「シグナル3」を遮断し、例えば、PD−1を発現させるT細胞の死をもたらすことにより、獲得免疫応答のエフェクターアームを強力に阻害する。
CD274およびB7相同体1(B7−H1)としてもまた公知の、プログラム死リガンド1受容体(PD−L1)とは、活性化T細胞(CD8+T細胞およびいわゆる腫瘍浸潤リンパ球(TIL細胞)を含む)上、B細胞上、マクロファージ上、および樹状細胞上のほか、多くの種類の腫瘍細胞上で発現する、1型膜タンパク質である。その同族リガンドは、PD−1およびB7.1(CD80)であり、PD−L1による、PD−1への結合は、T細胞内の「シグナル3」を遮断し、例えば、PD−1を発現させるT細胞の死をもたらすことにより、獲得免疫応答を媒介する、T細胞のエフェクター機能を強力に阻害しうる。
CTLA4またはCD152としてもまた公知の、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連タンパク質4(CTLA−4)は、T細胞上および調節性T細胞(Treg)上で発現する膜タンパク質である。その同族リガンドは、抗原提示細胞(APC)上の、B7−1(CD80)およびB7−2(CD86)を含む。CTLA−4による、B7−1またはB7−2への結合は、T細胞内の「シグナル2」を遮断し、獲得免疫応答の開始を阻害する。
当技術分野では、上記で列挙したものに加えて、他のチェックポイントも公知であり、それらの阻害剤も、本発明に含まれる。例えば、BTLAは、HVEMに応答して、負のシグナルをもたらし、TIM3は、Gal9に応答して、負のシグナルをもたらす。アデノシンは、アデノシンA2a受容体を介して、抑制性効果を誘発することが可能であり、IDOおよびTDOは、抗腫瘍免疫に関与すると考えられる、周知の免疫抑制性経路である。LAG3は、CD4より高アフィニティーで、MHCクラスIIに結合する。LAG3は、細胞増殖、活性化、およびT細胞のホメオスタシスを、CTLA−4およびPD−1と同様に、負に調節し、Tregの抑制性機能においても役割を果たすことが報告されている。LAG3はまた、CD8+T細胞を、寛容原性状態に維持する一助ともなり、PD−1と共に働いて、慢性ウイルス感染時のCD8疲弊を維持する一助ともなる。LAG3は、樹状細胞の成熟および活性化に関与することが公知である。本発明における使用のための、さらなるチェックポイント阻害剤は、限定せずに、BTLA、TIM3、およびLAG3のうちの、任意の1または複数に特異的に結合することが可能な、抗体およびその抗原結合性断片を含む。本発明はまた、BTLA、TIM3、およびLAG3のうちの、任意の1または複数に特異的に結合することが可能な、二特異性抗体およびその二特異性抗原結合性断片も企図する。
本明細書で既に論じた、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、および抗CTLA−4抗体が、好ましい場合があるが、当業者は、本明細書で提示される本開示に基づき、本発明は、多種多様な抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、および抗CTLA−4抗体を包含し、これらの特定の抗体に限定されないことを認識するであろう。より具体的には、ヒトにおける使用のためには、ヒト抗体が好ましいが、本発明は、ヒト抗体に限定されず、本発明は、種の由来に関わらず、有用な抗体を包含し、他の抗体の中でも、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、および/または霊長類化(primatized)抗体を含む。本明細書で例示される抗体のうちのある特定の抗体は、ヒト免疫レパートリーを含むトランスジェニック哺乳動物、例えば、マウスを使用して得たが、当業者はまた、本明細書で提示される本開示に基づき、本発明が、この方法または他の任意の特定の方法により作製された抗体に限定されないことも理解するであろう。代わりに、本発明は、本発明の抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、または抗CTLA−4抗体をもたらすための任意の方法であって、当技術分野で公知の方法(例えば、ファージディスプレイライブラリーのスクリーニングなど)または将来において開発される方法を含むがこれらに限定されない方法により作製される、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、または抗CTLA−4抗体を含む。本明細書、および、例えば、Bedianらによる米国特許第6,682,736号、および米国特許出願公開第2002/0088014号において提示される広範な開示に基づき、当業者は、本明細書で開示される新規の方法を使用して、CpG ODNと組み合わせたがんの処置に有用な、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、または抗CTLA−4抗体を、たやすく作製し、同定することができる。
本発明は、CpG ODNを、がん性腫瘍の内部または近傍へと局所投与し、かつ、抗PD−1抗体、抗PD−L1抗体、または抗CTLA−4抗体などのチェックポイント阻害剤を全身投与して、がんを処置するステップを含む、組合せ腫瘍免疫療法に関する。患者を、CpG ODN(最大0.15mg/kg/週で皮下投与されるクラスB)と、抗CTLA−4抗体との組合せで処置した、単一のヒト臨床試験について報告されている(Millward Mら、Br. J. Cancer、2013年、108巻(10号):1998〜2004頁)。この研究は、病期IVの黒色腫を伴う、21例の患者における、毎週のIV抗CTLA−4および皮下CpGによる、12週間にわたる組合せ療法のためのMTDを確立した。研究の結果は、腫瘍学におけるTLR9アゴニストの開発の継続を保証するのに、十分に有望であるとは考えられなかった(出資者による、全ての免疫腫瘍学薬の開発は終了した)が、研究による、いくつかの興味深い知見は、本発明の有用性を裏付ける。第1に、TLR9アゴニストと、チェックポイント阻害剤との組合せは、比較的十分に耐容され(全身性自己免疫疾患は観察されず)、あらかじめ指定された初期の6週間において、用量制限毒性を発症したのは、3例の患者だけであり、このうちの2例は、抗CTLA−4抗体の最高用量群であった。第2に、組合せレジメンによる抗CTLA−4抗体に対する、抗体応答の誘導は見られなかった。第3に、2例の患者は、処置に対する部分応答を達成し、他の何例かは、異例の長期にわたる安定病態を達成した。
本発明の態様は、がん性腫瘍を処置する方法であって、それを必要とする被験体へと、有効量のTLR9アゴニストおよびチェックポイント阻害剤(CPI)を投与するステップを含み、TLR9アゴニストを、腫瘍内に投与するか、または腫瘍に実質的に隣接させて投与する方法である。
本発明の方法は、化学療法、他の免疫療法、放射線療法、ホルモン療法などを含む、他の抗がん治療と共に使用することができる。従来の化学療法薬および標的化抗新生物剤は、がんが、細胞自律的な、遺伝子疾患または後成的な疾患を構成するという、単純化した考えに基づき開発されている。しかし、のべ数百万もの生存年数を救ってきた、利用可能な抗がん薬の多くは、既存の腫瘍特異的免疫応答を、デノボで誘発するか、または再活性化させることにより、治療効果を媒介することが明らかとなりつつある。蓄積されつつある証拠は、いくつかの抗新生物剤の治療有効性が、悪性細胞に特異的な免疫応答の活性化の側に平衡をずらしながら、腫瘍−宿主相互作用に影響を及ぼす、それらの能力に依拠することを指し示す。
投薬レジメンは、所望される最適の応答をもたらすように調整することができる。例えば、単回のボーラスを投与することもでき、いくつかに分割された用量を、ある期間にわたり投与することもでき、治療状況の要求により指し示される通り、用量を、これに応じて、低減するか、または増大させることもできる。投与の容易さおよび投与量の均一性のために、非経口組成物を、単位剤形で製剤化することが、とりわけ有利である。本明細書で使用される単位剤形とは、処置される哺乳動物被験体のための単位投与量として適する、物理的に個別の単位であって、各単位が、要求される医薬担体を随伴させて、所望の治療効果をもたらすように計算された、所定数量の活性化合物を含有する単位を指す。本発明の単位剤形についての仕様は、(a)活性化合物の固有の特徴、および、達成される、特定の治療的効果または予防的効果、ならびに(b)当技術分野における固有の限界であって、個体における感受性の処置のために、このような活性化合物を調合させる限界により規定され、かつ、これに直接左右される。
本発明の方法に従い、CpG ODNを、がん性腫瘍へと局所投与する、すなわち、腫瘍内投与または腫瘍周囲投与により局所投与する。代替的に、または加えて、ある特定の実施形態では、CpG ODNを、がん性腫瘍へと、例えば、腹腔内注射または注入または小胞内(intravesicular)点滴により局所投与する。
ある特定の市販の抗PD−1抗体は現在、体重1kg当たり2mgで、3週間ごとに1回投与する静脈内注入について、米国で承認されている。他の市販の抗PD−1抗体は現在、体重1kg当たり3mgで、2週間ごとに1回投与する静脈内注入について、米国で承認されている。市販の抗CTLA−4抗体は現在、体重1kg当たり3mgで、3週間ごとに1回投与する静脈内注入について、米国で承認されている。
ある特定の実施形態では、CpG ODNを、マーカー、例えば、処置される腫瘍内へのCpG ODN投与、および/または処置される腫瘍に隣接させたCpG ODN投与の視覚化を容易とする、放射線不透過性マーカーまたは放射線不透過性色素と共に製剤化する。代替的に、CpG ODNを、投与領域の検出を可能とする化合物へと、共有結合的にコンジュゲートさせるか、またはこれにより他の形で標識する。当技術分野では、このような標識の例が周知であり、蛍光色素、アプタマー、Spinachおよびその誘導体などの蛍光RNA、量子ドット、金、および他のナノ粒子、抗体などを含む。
本発明は、がんを処置するための、多様なキットを含む。キットは、本発明の方法を実施する、組合せの使用について記載する指示材料と共に、治療有効量のCpG ODNおよび治療有効量のCPIを含む。ある特定の実施形態では、キットは、本発明の方法を実施する、組合せの使用について記載する指示材料と共に、治療有効量のCpG ODNおよび治療有効量のCPI抗体を含む。例示的なキットについては、下記で記載するが、当業者には、本開示に照らして、他の有用なキットの内容物が明らかであろう。これらのキットの各々は、本発明の中に含まれる。
CpG ODNおよびチェックポイント阻害剤(±XRT)の組合せについて、最適の相乗作用を達成するために、可能な最高レベルのI型IFNを、可能な最低レベルのIL−10と共に誘導するように、CpG ODNをデザインするものとする。上記で記載したCpG ODNクラスのうち、この理念に最も近いのは、クラスAである。クラスA ODNを改善するために、それらを、2つの半独立構成要素:(i)クラスA CpG ODNの5’末端および3’末端、ならびに(ii)コアパリンドロームの観点で理解することができる。5’末端および3’末端におけるポリGドメインの目的は、ナノ粒子へと自己組織化するGテトラッドを形成し、パリンドロームを、TLR9を活性化させるのに好適な形で位置させ、早期エンドソーム内の、TLR9の、極めて強力な多量体化をもたらし、B細胞活性化および強力なIL−10の産生をもたらすより持続的なシグナルを誘発せずに強力なIRF3/7の活性化(および下流のIFN−α分泌)を生ずることである。ポリGドメインにより形成されるGテトラッドはまた、スカベンジャー受容体、およびGテトラッドに結合する、他の細胞表面受容体と相互作用することにより、細胞外におけるODNを安定化させ、樹状細胞(DC)および他のAPCへの、ODNの取込みを改善する一助ともなりうる。ポリGドメインは、5’末端および3’末端において、1つまたはいくつかのPS連結を有することが多いが、これは、とりわけ、投与量を増大させるか、またはナノ粒子、VLP、ISCOMなどの安定化製剤を使用して、ODNを送達する場合、高レベルのpDC IFN−α分泌の刺激に要求されない。パリンドロームの目的は、細胞の外部に二重鎖を形成し、標的DCにより、エンドソームへと有効に取り込まれ、次いで、強力なNF−κBの活性化を伴わずに、IRF3/7を誘導するように、一過性にTLR9を活性化させる構造を安定化させることである。
1.Gの数:先行技術において記載されているクラスA ODNは、ほとんど常に、両方の末端、または少なくとも1つの末端において、5つまたはそれ超の連続Gを含有する。しかし、これは、ODN活性には要求されず、実のところ、Gの組入れを少なくするほうが、ODNの合成をはるかに容易とし、誘導されるIFN−αの量には、必ずしも、劇的な影響を及ぼさない。本発明に従い、ある特定の好ましいクラスA ODNが、一方または両方の末端において、4つのGを有するのに対し、他の好ましいクラスA ODNは、ODNの5’末端および3’末端、または少なくとも3’末端において、6つを超えるG、10個のG、または10を超えるGを有する。
1.デオキシアデノシンヌクレオチドの位置決め:好ましいパリンドロームは、少なくとも1つのデオキシアデノシンを含有し、2つまたはそれ超のデオキシアデノシンを含有することが好ましい。これらを、パリンドロームの5’側の半分に配置し、その結果、相補的なチミジンが、好ましいパリンドロームの3’側の半分に位置することが好ましい(チミジンを、ハロゲンで修飾する場合、下記の論点3に記載される通り、好ましいパリンドロームは、パリンドロームの、5’領域内もしくは3’領域内またはこれらの両方の領域内に、デオキシアデノシンまたはチミジンを有しうることを除く)。
好ましいクラスA CpG ODNの例は、
in vitro実験を実施して、パリンドローム配列の変化、5’側および3’側のGの数、5’側および3’側のホスホロチオエートヌクレオチド間連結の数、ならびにパリンドローム内の、5−ヨード−2’−デオキシウリジンによる置換の、ヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)によるIFN−α分泌に対する効果について検討した。
in vitro実験を実施して、パリンドローム配列の変化、5’側および3’側のホスホロチオエートヌクレオチド間連結の数、ウイルス様粒子(VLP)内の天然DNA CpG−A ODNの製剤、およびCpG−A ODNの3’末端内の、2−O−メチル糖の置換の、効力およびヒトPBMCによるピークIFN−α分泌に対する効果について検討した。
1.完全PO ODN G10(図6および7において、「CYT003」と記す)を、50μg/mL(図6および7における「conc A」)、10μg/mL(「conc B」)、および2μg/mL(「conc C」)のODN濃度で培養した;および
2.図6および7において「CytQbAb」と記す試料は、CYT003またはQbG10の名称の下に、Cytosにより出資された臨床開発により、またはこの臨床開発において既に記載されている(Beehら、J Allergy Clin Immunol、2013年、131巻:866〜74頁)通り、VLPの、免疫細胞への取込みを容易とする抗Qb抗体と併せて、バクテリオファージタンパク質Qbを含むウイルス様粒子内にパッケージングされたG10 ODNを含有した。これらの試料中のVLPは、G10と同様、50μg/mL(図6および7における「conc A」)、10μg/mL(「conc B」)、および2μg/mL(「conc C」)で培養したが、用量は、全VLPに基づくものの、VLPの質量のうちの20%だけが、G10を含むので、各ウェル内のG10の実際の質量は、10μg/mL(図6および7における「conc A」)、2μg/mL(「conc B」)、および0.5μg/mL(「conc C」)に近かった
を除き、全てのODNについて、5μg/mL(図6および7における濃度または「conc A」);1μg/mL(図6および7における「conc B」);および0.5μg/mL(「conc C」)の濃度で、3連で培養したことを除き、実施例2と同様であった。
in vitro実験を実施して、天然DNA(PO)と比較した、ホスホロジチオエート(PS2)またはホスホロチオエート(PS)によるCpG−A ODN骨格の変化の、効力および正常ヒトPBMCによるピークIFN−α分泌に対する効果について検討した。
in vitro実験を実施して、天然骨格のDNAを保持しながら、G10 CpG−A ODNの5’末端および/または3’末端におけるGの数を低減するか、またはパリンドロームを変化させることの効果について検討した。
in vivoにおける実験を実施して、クラスA CpGオリゴヌクレオチドの腫瘍内投与と、抗PD−1チェックポイント阻害剤の全身投与とを伴う、組合せ腫瘍免疫療法による、リンパ腫の処置の有効性を評価した。
上記の記載で言及した、全ての特許および特許出願公開は、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
以上で、理解の明確さを目的とする例示および例として、本発明のある程度の詳細について、十分に記載したが、当業者には、条件、処方、および他のパラメータの、広範かつ同等な範囲内で、本発明を改変または変化させることにより、本発明の範囲、またはその任意の具体的な実施形態に影響を及ぼさずに、本発明を実施することができ、このような改変または変化を、付属の特許請求の範囲内に包含するように意図することが明らかであろう。
Claims (69)
- がん性腫瘍を処置する方法であって、
がん性腫瘍の処置を必要とする被験体へと、有効量のTLR9アゴニストおよびチェックポイント阻害剤(CPI)を投与するステップ
を含み、前記TLR9アゴニストを、前記腫瘍内に投与するか、または前記腫瘍に実質的に隣接させて投与する、方法。 - 前記TLR9アゴニストが、IFN−αを誘導する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、CpG DNAである、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスA CpG DNA、クラスC CpG DNA、クラスE CpG DNA、クラスA/E CpG DNA、クラスP CpG DNA、およびこれらの任意の組合せからなる群より選択される、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスA CpG DNAである、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記クラスA CpG DNAの配列が、GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG(配列番号82)である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記クラスA CpG DNAを、ウイルス様粒子として製剤化する、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスC CpG DNAである、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIを全身投与する、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、PD−1、PD−L1、およびCTLA−4からなる群より選択される抗原に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、PD−1に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、PD−L1に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、CTLA−4に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)CTLA−4に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−1およびPD−L1からなる群より選択される抗原に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)CTLA−4に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)CTLA−4に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−L1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)PD−1に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−L1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストを、前記CPIの投与の前に投与する、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストと、前記CPIとを、実質的に同時に投与する、請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、リンパ腫、または皮膚、頭頚部、食道、胃、肝臓、結腸、直腸、膵臓、肺、乳房、子宮頸部、卵巣、腎臓、膀胱、前立腺、甲状腺、脳、筋肉、および骨からなる群より選択される組織もしくは臓器のがん性腫瘍である、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、黒色腫である、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、リンパ腫である、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、前記TLR9アゴニストの投与を伴わずに、前記CPIの投与を含む処置レジメンに対して抵抗性である、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、ヒトである、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がん性腫瘍を処置する方法であって、
がん性腫瘍の処置を必要とする被験体へと、有効量の放射線療法、TLR9アゴニスト、およびチェックポイント阻害剤(CPI)を投与するステップ
を含み、前記放射線療法を、前記TLR9アゴニストの投与の前に開始し、前記TLR9アゴニストを、前記腫瘍内に投与するか、または前記腫瘍に実質的に隣接させて投与する、方法。 - 前記TLR9アゴニストが、IFN−αを誘導する、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、CpG DNAである、請求項25または26に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスA CpG DNA、クラスC CpG DNA、クラスE CpG DNA、クラスA/E CpG DNA、クラスP CpG DNA、およびこれらの任意の組合せからなる群より選択される、請求項25から27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスA CpG DNAである、請求項25から27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記クラスA CpG DNAの配列が、GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG(配列番号82)である、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記クラスA CpG DNAを、ウイルス様粒子として製剤化する、請求項29または30に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスC CpG DNAである、請求項25から27のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIを全身投与する、請求項25から32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、PD−1、PD−L1、およびCTLA−4からなる群より選択される抗原に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項25から33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、PD−1に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、PD−L1に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、CTLA−4に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)CTLA−4に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−1およびPD−L1からなる群より選択される抗原に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)CTLA−4に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)CTLA−4に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−L1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記CPIが、(i)PD−1に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片と、(ii)PD−L1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片とを含む、請求項25から34のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストを、前記CPIの投与の前に投与する、請求項25から41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストと、前記CPIとを、実質的に同時に投与する、請求項25から41のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、リンパ腫、または皮膚、頭頚部、食道、胃、肝臓、結腸、直腸、膵臓、肺、乳房、子宮頸部、卵巣、腎臓、膀胱、前立腺、甲状腺、脳、筋肉、および骨からなる群より選択される組織もしくは臓器のがん性腫瘍である、請求項25から43のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、黒色腫である、請求項25から44のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、リンパ腫である、請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、前記TLR9アゴニストの投与を伴わずに、前記CPIの投与を含む処置レジメンに対して抵抗性である、請求項25から46のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、ヒトである、請求項25から47のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- がん性腫瘍を処置する方法であって、
がん性腫瘍の処置を必要とする被験体へと、有効量のTLR9アゴニスト、第1のチェックポイント阻害剤(CPI)、および第2のCPIを投与するステップ
を含み、前記TLR9アゴニストおよび前記第1のCPIを、前記腫瘍内に投与するか、または前記腫瘍に実質的に隣接させて投与し、前記第2のCPIを全身投与する、方法。 - 前記TLR9アゴニストが、IFN−αを誘導する、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、CpG DNAである、請求項49または50に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスA CpG DNA、クラスC CpG DNA、クラスE CpG DNA、クラスA/E CpG DNA、クラスP CpG DNA、およびこれらの任意の組合せからなる群より選択される、請求項49から51のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスA CpG DNAである、請求項49から51のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記クラスA CpG DNAの配列が、GGGGGGGGGGGACGATCGTCGGGGGGGGGG(配列番号82)である、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 前記クラスA CpG DNAを、ウイルス様粒子として製剤化する、請求項53または54に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストが、クラスC CpG DNAである、請求項49から51のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のCPIが、CTLA−4に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項49から56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のCPIが、CTLA−4に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片であり、前記第2のCPIが、PD−1に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項49から56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のCPIが、CTLA−4に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片であり、前記第2のCPIが、PD−L1に特異的に結合する抗体またはその抗原結合性断片である、請求項49から56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のCPIが、PD−1に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片を含み、前記第2のCPIが、PD−L1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片を含む、請求項49から56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のCPIが、PD−L1に特異的に結合する第1の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片を含み、前記第2のCPIが、PD−1に特異的に結合する第2の抗体またはその抗原結合性断片を含む、請求項49から56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストを、前記第1のCPIの投与の前に投与する、請求項49から61のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストと、前記第1のCPIとを、実質的に同時に投与する、請求項49から61のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記TLR9アゴニストを、前記第1のCPIの投与の後で投与する、請求項49から61のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、リンパ腫、または皮膚、頭頚部、食道、胃、肝臓、結腸、直腸、膵臓、肺、乳房、子宮頸部、卵巣、腎臓、膀胱、前立腺、甲状腺、脳、筋肉、および骨からなる群より選択される組織もしくは臓器のがん性腫瘍である、請求項49から64のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、黒色腫である、請求項49から65のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、リンパ腫である、請求項65に記載の方法。
- 前記がん性腫瘍が、前記TLR9アゴニストの投与を伴わずに、前記第1のCPIの投与を含む処置レジメンに対して抵抗性である、請求項49から67のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、ヒトである、請求項49から68のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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