JP2018133914A - 車両用電源システム - Google Patents
車両用電源システム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
- B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
VA=V_LiB+(R_LiB+R1)×目標発電電流…(1)
S11では、バッテリコントローラは、現在、第1及び第2スイッチは何れもオンであるか否かを判定する。
(1)電源システムSでは、モータジェネレータ1に対し2バッテリ2,5をそれぞれ並列に設け、第2バッテリ5及びモータジェネレータ1を接続する第1給電線34と第1バッテリ2とを第1スイッチSW1で接続し、第1バッテリの開放電圧は第2バッテリの開放電圧よりも高くなるように設定する。また電源システムSでは、モータジェネレータ1による回生発電の開始時に第1及び第2スイッチSW1,SW2を両方ともをオンにし、バッテリ2,5の同時充電を開始する。これにより、モータジェネレータ1からバッテリ2,5にそれぞれ発電電流が供給され、これによりバッテリ2,5が同時に充電される。ここで、バッテリ2,5の同時充電を継続すると、より高電位である第1バッテリ2は充電から放電に変化する。電源システムSでは、同時充電を行っている間における第1バッテリ2の充電状態(より具体的には、第1バッテリ2への充電電流I_Pb)に応じて定めたタイミングで第1スイッチSW1をオフすることにより(図4のS13、S14参照)、第1バッテリ2が充電から放電に変化してしまう前に、第2バッテリ5の優先充電に移行することができる。これにより、第2バッテリ5が充電不足に陥らないようにしながら、第1バッテリ2もある程度充電できる。また第2バッテリ5が充電不足に陥らないようにすることにより、車両の走行中にエンジンでモータジェネレータ1を駆動し、第2バッテリ5に強制的に充電をする機会を減らすことができるので、車両全体での燃費を向上することができる。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
(4)回生発電中の発電電流は、車両の速度が低下し、モータジェネレータ1の回転数が低下するに伴って減少する。このため、発電電流が減少し、合流部の電圧VAが低下し、第1バッテリ2は充電から放電に移行してしまう。そこで電源システムでは、同時充電を実行している間に、上記合流部の電圧VAが、その時の第1バッテリ2の開放電圧V_Pbと等しく設定した同時充電終了電圧以下になった場合には、第1スイッチSW1をオフにすることにより、回生発電中における第1バッテリ2の放電を抑制できる。
次に、本発明の第3実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
(5)電源システムでは、第1スイッチSW1をオフにしかつ第2スイッチSW2をオンにしながら回生発電を開始し(図6のS52参照)、先ずは第2バッテリ5の優先充電を開始する。これにより、モータジェネレータ1から第2バッテリ5に発電電流が供給され、第2バッテリ5が充電される。この際、電源システムでは、合流部の電圧VAと、第1バッテリ2の開放電圧V_Pbとを取得し、上述のように第2バッテリ5に発電電流を供給している間における合流部の電圧VAが、第1バッテリ2の開放電圧V_PbにマージンΔを加えて得られる同時充電開始電圧を超えたタイミングで第1スイッチSW1をオンにし、第1及び第2バッテリ2,5の同時充電に移行する(図6のS56〜S57参照)。モータジェネレータ1に第1及び第2バッテリ2,5を接続し、これらの同時充電を行う場合、モータジェネレータ1による発電電流が小さく、合流部の電圧VAが第1バッテリ2の開放電圧V_Pbより低いと、第1スイッチSW1をオンにしても、第1バッテリ2を充電できず逆に放電させてしまう場合がある。電源システムでは、回生発電時には、先ずは第2バッテリ5を優先的に充電し、その後合流部の電圧VAと第1バッテリ2の開放電圧V_Pbとを用いて同時充電を開始するタイミングを決めることにより、第1バッテリ2から放電させないようにしながら同時充電を開始することができる。これにより、第2バッテリ5が充電不足に陥らないようにしながら、第1バッテリ2もある程度充電できる。
1…モータジェネレータ(発電機)
2…第1バッテリ(第1蓄電装置)
3…バッテリモジュール
34…第1給電線(充電回路)
SW1…第1スイッチ
SW2…第2スイッチ
38…合流部
5…第2バッテリ(第2蓄電装置)
7…バッテリコントローラ(第1充電状態監視手段、第2充電状態監視手段、第1電圧監視手段、合流部電圧監視手段、充電制御手段)
Claims (6)
- 車両の減速時に回生発電を実行可能な発電機と、
前記発電機に対しそれぞれ並列に接続される第1蓄電装置及び第2蓄電装置と、
前記第2蓄電装置及び前記発電機を接続して構成される充電回路と前記第1蓄電装置とを導通又は遮断する第1スイッチと、を備え、
前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧は前記第2蓄電装置の開放電圧よりも高くなるように制御される車両用電源システムであって、
前記発電機による回生発電の開始時に前記第1スイッチを導通状態にし、前記第1及び第2蓄電装置の同時充電を開始する充電制御手段と、
前記回生発電の実行中に前記第1蓄電装置の充電状態を取得する第1充電状態監視手段と、を備え、
前記充電制御手段は、前記同時充電を開始した後、前記第1充電状態監視手段によって取得された充電状態に基づいて定めたタイミングで前記第1スイッチを遮断状態にし、前記第2蓄電装置の優先充電を開始することを特徴とする車両用電源システム。 - 前記回生発電の実行中に前記第2蓄電装置の充電状態を取得する第2充電状態監視手段と、
前記充電回路のうち前記第1蓄電装置が接続される合流部よりも前記第2蓄電装置側に設けられ、前記第2蓄電装置と前記発電機とを導通又は遮断する第2スイッチと、をさらに備え、
前記充電制御手段は、前記第2蓄電装置の優先充電を開始した後、前記第2充電状態監視手段によって取得された充電状態に基づいて定めたタイミングで前記第2スイッチを遮断状態にし、その後前記第1スイッチを導通状態にすることにより、前記第1蓄電装置の優先充電を開始することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記第1充電状態監視手段は、前記第1蓄電装置の充電状態を表すパラメータとして前記回生発電の実行中における前記第1蓄電装置への充電電流を取得し、
前記充電制御手段は、前記同時充電を開始した後、前記第1充電状態監視手段によって取得された前記充電電流が所定の同時充電終了電流以下になった場合には、前記第1スイッチを遮断状態にし、前記第2蓄電装置の優先充電を開始することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用電源システム。 - 前記第1充電状態監視手段は、前記第1蓄電装置の充電状態を表すパラメータとして、前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧を取得し、
前記充電制御手段は、前記同時充電を開始した後、前記充電回路のうち前記第1蓄電装置が接続される合流部の電圧が前記第1充電状態監視手段によって取得された前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧以下になった場合には、前記第1スイッチを遮断状態にし、前記第2蓄電装置の優先充電を開始することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用システム。 - 車両の減速時に回生発電を実行可能な発電機と、
前記発電機に対しそれぞれ並列に接続される第1蓄電装置及び第2蓄電装置と、
前記第2蓄電装置及び前記発電機を接続して構成される充電回路と前記第1蓄電装置とを導通又は遮断する第1スイッチと、を備え、
前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧は前記第2蓄電装置の開放電圧よりも高くなるように制御される車両用電源システムであって、
前記第1スイッチを遮断状態にしながら前記発電機による回生発電を開始し、前記第2蓄電装置の優先充電を開始する充電制御手段と、
前記回生発電の実行中に前記充電回路のうち前記第1蓄電装置が接続される合流部の電圧を取得する合流部電圧監視手段と、
前記回生発電の実行中に前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧を取得する第1電圧監視手段と、を備え、
前記充電制御手段は、前記第2蓄電装置の優先充電を開始した後、前記合流部電圧監視手段によって取得された前記合流部の電圧と前記第1電圧監視手段によって取得された前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧とを用いて定められたタイミングで前記第1スイッチを導通状態にし、前記第1及び第2蓄電装置の同時充電を開始することを特徴とする車両用電源システム。 - 前記充電制御手段は、前記回生発電を実行しかつ前記第1スイッチを導通状態にしている間に、前記合流部電圧監視手段によって取得された前記合流部の電圧が前記第1電圧監視手段によって取得された前記第1蓄電装置の開放電圧以下になった場合には、前記第1スイッチを遮断状態にすることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の車両用電源システム。
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