JP2018032020A - 表示装置、電子機器、および携帯情報端末 - Google Patents
表示装置、電子機器、および携帯情報端末 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018032020A JP2018032020A JP2017153470A JP2017153470A JP2018032020A JP 2018032020 A JP2018032020 A JP 2018032020A JP 2017153470 A JP2017153470 A JP 2017153470A JP 2017153470 A JP2017153470 A JP 2017153470A JP 2018032020 A JP2018032020 A JP 2018032020A
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- emitting element
- layer
- abbreviation
- liquid crystal
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 364
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 123
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 49
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 49
- -1 yttrium (Y) Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 29
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical class 0.000 description 15
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
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- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(1-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1-phenylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2N=C1C1=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(C=2N(C3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GEQBRULPNIVQPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-Phenylpyridine Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 JVZRCNQLWOELDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CECAIMUJVYQLKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium 1-phenylisoquinoline Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 CECAIMUJVYQLKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOZVYCYMTUWJHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+) pyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 AOZVYCYMTUWJHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOYDRSOIBHFMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,9-diphenyl-n-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 WOYDRSOIBHFMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBNZOXKLBAWRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,9-diphenyl-n-[4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)phenyl]carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=C1 BBNZOXKLBAWRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNFOMBWFZZDRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,9-diphenyl-n-[4-[4-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl]carbazol-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3N(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=CC=CC3=2)C=C1 LNFOMBWFZZDRKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MSCLVLGBAGCXEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-[4-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene]-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C4=CC=CC=C43)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=C3C4=CC=CC=C4N(C=4C=CC=CC=4)C3=CC=2)C=C1 MSCLVLGBAGCXEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005359 phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000078 poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004307 pyrazin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)C([H])=N1 0.000 description 1
- VLRICFVOGGIMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-1-yloxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)ON1C=CC=N1 VLRICFVOGGIMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathianaphthacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3SSC(C4=CC=CC=C44)=C3C3=C4SSC3=C21 JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl MJRFDVWKTFJAPF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CMLWFCUAXGSMBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1OC)OC)C1=C(OC)C=CC=C1OC CMLWFCUAXGSMBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenolate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 CJGUQZGGEUNPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzothiazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)SC2=CC=CC=C2N1 GWDUZCIBPDVBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である表示装置について図1(A)(B)を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である表示装置に適用できる発光素子の一例について説明する。
まず、発光素子の基本的な構造について説明する。図3(A)には、一対の電極間に発光層を含むEL層を有する発光素子を示す。具体的には、第1の電極301と第2の電極302との間にEL層303が挟まれた構造を有する。
次に、発光素子の具体的な構造および作製方法について説明する。ここでは、図3(B)に示すタンデム構造を有し、マイクロキャビティ構造を備えた発光素子について図3(D)を用いて説明する。図3(D)に示す発光素子は、第1の電極301を反射電極として形成し、第2の電極302を半透過・半反射電極として形成する。従って、所望の電極材料を単数または複数用い、単層または積層して形成することができる。なお、第2の電極302は、EL層303bを形成した後、上記と同様に材料を選択して形成する。また、これらの電極の作製には、スパッタ法や真空蒸着法を用いることができる。
第1の電極301および第2の電極302を形成する材料としては、上述した両電極の機能が満たせるのであれば、以下に示す材料を適宜組み合わせて用いることができる。例えば、金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物、およびこれらの混合物などを適宜用いることができる。具体的には、In−Sn酸化物(ITOともいう)、In−Si−Sn酸化物(ITSOともいう)、In−Zn酸化物、In−W−Zn酸化物が挙げられる。その他、アルミニウム(Al)、チタン(Ti)、クロム(Cr)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、銅(Cu)、ガリウム(Ga)、亜鉛(Zn)、インジウム(In)、スズ(Sn)、モリブデン(Mo)、タンタル(Ta)、タングステン(W)、パラジウム(Pd)、金(Au)、白金(Pt)、銀(Ag)、イットリウム(Y)、ネオジム(Nd)などの金属、およびこれらを適宜組み合わせて含む合金を用いることもできる。その他、上記例示のない元素周期表の第1族または第2族に属する元素(例えば、リチウム(Li)、セシウム(Cs)、カルシウム(Ca)、ストロンチウム(Sr)、ユウロピウム(Eu)、イッテルビウム(Yb)などの希土類金属およびこれらを適宜組み合わせて含む合金、その他グラフェン等を用いることができる。
正孔注入層(311a、311b)は、陽極である第1の電極301からEL層(303a、303b)に正孔(ホール)を注入する層であり、正孔注入性の高い材料を含む層である。
発光層(313a、313b)は、発光物質を含む層である。なお、発光物質としては、青色、紫色、青紫色、緑色、黄緑色、黄色、橙色、赤色などの発光色を呈する物質を適宜用いる。また、複数の発光層(313a、313b)に異なる発光物質を用いることにより異なる発光色を呈する構成(例えば、補色の関係にある発光色を組み合わせて得られる白色発光)とすることができる。さらに、一つの発光層が異なる発光物質を有する積層構造であっても良い。
電子輸送層(314a、314b)は、電子注入層(315a、315b)によって、第2の電極302から注入された電子を発光層(313a、313b)に輸送する層である。なお、電子輸送層(314a、314b)は、電子輸送性材料を含む層である。電子輸送層(314a、314b)に用いる電子輸送性材料は、1×10−6cm2/Vs以上の電子移動度を有する物質が好ましい。なお、正孔よりも電子の輸送性の高い物質であれば、これら以外のものを用いることができる。
電子注入層(315a、315b)は、電子注入性の高い物質を含む層である。電子注入層(315a、315b)には、フッ化リチウム(LiF)、フッ化セシウム(CsF)、フッ化カルシウム(CaF2)、リチウム酸化物(LiOx)等のようなアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、またはそれらの化合物を用いることができる。また、フッ化エルビウム(ErF3)のような希土類金属化合物を用いることができる。また、電子注入層(315a、315b)にエレクトライドを用いてもよい。エレクトライドとしては、例えば、カルシウムとアルミニウムの混合酸化物に電子を高濃度添加した物質等が挙げられる。なお、上述した電子輸送層(314a、314b)を構成する物質を用いることもできる。
電荷発生層304は、第1の電極(陽極)301と第2の電極(陰極)302との間に電圧を印加したときに、EL層303aに電子を注入し、EL層303bに正孔を注入する機能を有する。なお、電荷発生層304は、正孔輸送性材料に電子受容体(アクセプター)が添加された構成であっても、電子輸送性材料に電子供与体(ドナー)が添加された構成であってもよい。また、これらの両方の構成が積層されていても良い。なお、上述した材料を用いて電荷発生層304を形成することにより、EL層が積層された場合における駆動電圧の上昇を抑制することができる。
本実施の形態で示した発光素子は、様々な基板上に形成することができる。なお、基板の種類は、特定のものに限定されることはない。基板の一例としては、半導体基板(例えば単結晶基板又はシリコン基板)、SOI基板、ガラス基板、石英基板、プラスチック基板、金属基板、ステンレス・スチル基板、ステンレス・スチル・ホイルを有する基板、タングステン基板、タングステン・ホイルを有する基板、可撓性基板、貼り合わせフィルム、繊維状の材料を含む紙、又は基材フィルムなどが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である表示装置として、液晶素子を有する第1の素子層と、発光素子を有する第2の素子層と、を有し、表示素子毎に別の表示を行うことができる表示装置について説明する。なお、このような表示装置は、ER−Hybrid Display(Emission and Reflection Hybrid Display、または、Emission/Reflection Hybrid Display)などとも呼ぶことができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である表示装置において、素子層を構成する駆動素子層に形成されるトランジスタの一例について説明する。トランジスタの構成としては、例えば、プレーナ型のトランジスタ、スタガ型のトランジスタ、逆スタガ型のトランジスタ等を用いることができる。また、トップゲート型又はボトムゲート型のトランジスタ構造とすることができる。または、チャネルの上下にゲート電極が設けられる構造としても良い。従って、トランジスタの構造は特に限定されない。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である表示装置を適用して完成させた様々な電子機器や自動車の一例について、説明する。
なお、表示部9311に本発明の一態様である表示装置を適用した場合、表示装置は、外光反射による視認性の低下を防ぐことができるので、特に外での使用に適した携帯情報端末とすることができる。
本実施例で示す発光素子は、図13に示すように基板900上に第1の電極901が形成され、第1の電極901上に第1のEL層902aが形成され、第1のEL層902a上に電荷発生層904が形成され、電荷発生層904上に第2のEL層902bが形成され、第2のEL層902b上に第2の電極903が形成された構造を有する。なお、本実施例で説明する発光素子1は、主に赤色発光を呈する発光素子であり、発光素子1(R)と示す。また、発光素子2は、主に緑色発光を呈する発光素子であり、発光素子2(G)と示す。また、発光素子3および発光素子4は、主に青色発光を呈する発光素子であり、それぞれ発光素子3(B1)、発光素子4(B1.5)とも示す。
作製した各発光素子の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。また、結果を図15〜図18に示す。また、各発光素子に2.5mA/cm2の電流密度で電流を流した際の発光スペクトルを図19に示す。発光スペクトルの測定は、マルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス、PMA−12)を用いて行った。図19に示す通り、赤色発光を示す発光素子1(R)の発光スペクトルは635nm付近、緑色発光を示す発光素子2(G)の発光スペクトルは521nm付近、青色発光を示す発光素子3(B1)および発光素子4(B1.5)の発光スペクトルは453nm付近にそれぞれピークを有しており、いずれも狭線化されたスペクトル形状を示す。なお、本実施例では、各発光素子とカラーフィルタとを組み合わせることにより得られる発光を測定結果に用いた。
本実施例で示す発光素子は、実施例2と同様に図13に示すように基板900上に第1の電極901が形成され、第1の電極901上に第1のEL層902aが形成され、第1のEL層902a上に電荷発生層904が形成され、電荷発生層904上に第2のEL層902bが形成され、第2のEL層902b上に第2の電極903が形成された構造を有する。なお、本実施例で説明する発光素子5は、主に赤色発光を呈する発光素子であり、発光素子5(R)と示す。また、発光素子6は、主に緑色発光を呈する発光素子であり、発光素子6(G)と示す。また、発光素子7および発光素子8は、主に青色発光を呈する発光素子であり、それぞれ発光素子7(B1)、発光素子8(B1.5)とも示す。
作製した各発光素子の動作特性について測定した。なお、測定は室温(25℃に保たれた雰囲気)で行った。また、結果を図20〜図23に示す。また、各発光素子に2.5mA/cm2の電流密度で電流を流した際の発光スペクトルを図24に示す。発光スペクトルの測定は、マルチチャンネル分光器(浜松ホトニクス、PMA−12)を用いて行った。図24に示す通り、赤色発光を示す発光素子5の発光スペクトルは635nm付近、緑色発光を示す発光素子6の発光スペクトルは530nm付近、青色発光を示す発光素子7の発光スペクトルは464nm付近、発光素子8の発光スペクトルは453nm付近にそれぞれピークを有しており、いずれも狭線化されたスペクトル形状を示す。なお、本実施例では、各発光素子とカラーフィルタとを組み合わせることにより得られる発光を測定結果に用いた。
本参考例では、本発明の一態様である発光素子の発光層に用いることのできる発光物質であって、発光スペクトルのピーク値が600nm以上700nm以下である有機金属錯体、ビス{4,6−ジメチル−2−[5−(4−シアノ−2,6−ジメチルフェニル)−3−(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)−2−ピラジニル−κN]フェニル−κC}(2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−3,5−ヘプタンジオナト−κ2O,O’)イリジウム(III)(略称:[Ir(dmdppr−dmCP)2(dpm)])(構造式(100))の合成方法について説明する。なお、[Ir(dmdppr−dmCP)2(dpm)]の構造を以下に示す。
まず、3,3’,5,5’−テトラメチルベンジル5.27gとグリシンアミド塩酸塩2.61g、水酸化ナトリウム1.92g、メタノール50mLを、還流管を付けた三口フラスコに入れ、フラスコ内部を窒素置換した。その後、これを80℃で7時間撹拌することで反応させた。ここに12M塩酸2.5mLを加え30分撹拌した後、炭酸水素カリウム2.02gを加え、30分撹拌した。この懸濁液を吸引ろ過した後、得られた固体を水、メタノールで洗浄することにより、目的のピラジン誘導体を得た(乳白色粉末、収率79%)。ステップ1の合成スキームを下記(a−1)に示す。
次に、上記ステップ1で得た5−ヒドロキシ−2,3−(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ピラジン4.80gとトリエチルアミン4.5mL、脱水ジクロロメタン80mLを三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。このフラスコを−20℃に冷却した後、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物3.5mLを滴下し、室温で17時間半攪拌した。その後、フラスコを0℃に冷却した後、更にトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物0.7mLを滴下し、室温で22時間攪拌して反応させた。反応溶液に水50mL、1M塩酸5mLを加え、ジクロロメタンを加えて、反応溶液中に含まれる物質をジクロロメタン中に抽出させた。このジクロロメタンに飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液および飽和食塩水を加えて洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムを加えて乾燥させた。乾燥後にこの溶液をろ過し、ろ液を濃縮して得られた残渣を、トルエン:ヘキサン=1:1(体積比)を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、目的のピラジン誘導体を得た(黄色オイル、収率96%)。ステップ2の合成スキームを下記(a−2)に示す。
次に、上記ステップ2で得た5,6−ビス(3,5−ジメチルフェニル)ピラジン−2−イルトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸2.05g、4−シアノ−2,6−ジメチルフェニルボロン酸1.00g、リン酸三カリウム3.81g、トルエン40mL、水4mLを三口フラスコに入れ、内部を窒素置換した。フラスコ内を減圧下で撹拌することで脱気した後、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)0.044g、トリス(2,6−ジメトキシフェニル)ホスフィン0.084gを加え、7時間還流した。反応溶液に水を加え、トルエンを加えて、反応溶液中に含まれる物質をトルエン中に抽出させた。このトルエンに飽和食塩水を加えて洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムを加えて乾燥させた。乾燥後にこの溶液をろ過し、ろ液を濃縮して得られた残渣を、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=5:1(体積比)を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製し、目的のピラジン誘導体Hdmdppr−dmCPを得た(白色粉末、収率90%)。ステップ3の合成スキームを下記(a−3)に示す。
次に、2−エトキシエタノール15mLと水5mL、上記ステップ3で得たHdmdppr−dmCP(略称)1.74g、塩化イリジウム水和物(IrCl3・H2O)(フルヤ金属社製)0.60gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を1時間照射し、反応させた。溶媒を留去した後、得られた残渣をヘキサンで吸引ろ過、洗浄し、複核錯体[Ir(dmdppr−dmCP)2Cl]2を得た(褐色粉末、収率89%)。また、ステップ4の合成スキームを下記(a−4)に示す。
さらに、2−エトキシエタノール30mL、上記ステップ4で得た複核錯体[Ir(dmdppr−dmCP)2Cl]20.96g、ジピバロイルメタン(略称:Hdpm)0.26g、炭酸ナトリウム0.48gを、還流管を付けたナスフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内をアルゴン置換した。その後、マイクロ波(2.45GHz 100W)を60分間照射した。ここで更に、Hdpm0.13gを加え、反応容器にマイクロ波(2.45GHz 120W)を60分間照射することで反応させた。溶媒を留去し、得られた残渣を、ジクロロメタン:ヘキサン=1:1(体積比)を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した。更に、ジクロロメタンを展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製した後、ジクロロメタンとメタノールの混合溶媒にて再結晶することにより、有機金属錯体[Ir(dmdppr−dmCP)2(dpm)]を赤色粉末として得た(収率37%)。得られた赤色粉末0.39gを、トレインサブリメーション法により昇華精製した。昇華精製条件は、圧力2.6Pa、アルゴンガスを流量5mL/minで流しながら、300℃で加熱した。昇華精製後、目的物の赤色固体を収率85%で得た。ステップ5の合成スキームを下記(a−5)に示す。
100E 発光素子
101L、101E 第1の電極
102L、102E 第2の電極
103L 液晶層
103E EL層
104 配向膜
105L カラーフィルタ
105E カラーフィルタ
106 偏光層
107L、107E、108 光
200R、200R’、200R’’ 発光素子(赤)
200G、200G’、200G’’ 発光素子(緑)
200B、200B’、200B’’ 発光素子(青)
201 第1の電極
202、202’ 第2の電極
203R、203G、203B、203W EL層
204R、204G、204B EL層
207R、207R’、207R’’ 発光(赤)
207G、207G’、207G’’ 発光(緑)
207B、207B’、207B’’ 発光(青)
301 第1の電極
302 第2の電極
303 EL層
303a、303b EL層
304 電荷発生層
311、311a、311b 正孔注入層
312、312a、312b 正孔輸送層
313、313a、313b 発光層
314、314a、314b 電子輸送層
315、315a、315b 電子注入層
401 液晶素子
402 発光素子
403 導電層
404 開口部
405 第2の基板
407 導電層
408 導電層
409 液晶層
410 第1の素子層(表示素子層)
411 第2の素子層(表示素子層)
412 第3の素子層(駆動素子層)
415 配向膜
416 配向膜
418 カラーフィルタ
419 絶縁層
420 導電層
421 導電層
422 EL層
423 カラーフィルタ
424 偏光層
425 トランジスタ
426 トランジスタ
427 端子部
501 回路(G)
502 回路(S)
503 表示部
504 画素
505 導電膜
506 位置
507 開口部
510 液晶素子
511 発光素子
900 基板
901 第1の電極
902a 第1のEL層
902b 第2のEL層
903 第2の電極
904 電荷発生層
905 基板
906 カラーフィルタ
911a 第1の正孔注入層
911b 第2の正孔注入層
912a 第1の正孔輸送層
912b 第2の正孔輸送層
913a 発光層(A)
913b 発光層(B)
913(b1) 第1の発光層(B1)
913(b2) 第2の発光層(B2)
914a 第1の電子輸送層
914b 第2の電子輸送層
915a 第1の電子注入層
915b 第2の電子注入層
5101 ライト
5102 ホイール
5103 ドア
5104 表示部
5105 ハンドル
5106 シフトレバー
5107 座席シート
5108 インナーリアビューミラー
7100 テレビジョン装置
7101 筐体
7103 表示部
7105 スタンド
7107 表示部
7109 操作キー
7110 リモコン操作機
7201 本体
7202 筐体
7203 表示部
7204 キーボード
7205 外部接続ポート
7206 ポインティングデバイス
7302 筐体
7304 表示部
7305 時刻を表すアイコン
7306 その他のアイコン
7311 操作ボタン
7312 操作ボタン
7313 接続端子
7321 バンド
7322 留め金
7400 携帯電話機
7401 筐体
7402 表示部
7403 操作用ボタン
7404 外部接続部
7405 スピーカ
7406 マイク
7407 カメラ
7500(1)、7500(2) 筐体
7501(1)、7501(2) 第1面
7502(1)、7502(2) 第2面
7601 本体
7602 表示部
7603 アーム部
9310 携帯情報端末
9311 表示部
9312 表示領域
9313 ヒンジ
9315 筐体
Claims (9)
- 液晶素子と、発光素子と、を有し、
カラーフィルタを介して前記液晶素子から得られる発光は、NTSCの面積比が20%以上60%以下であり、
前記発光素子から得られる発光は、BT.2020の面積比が80%以上100%以下であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 液晶素子と、発光素子と、を有し、
カラーフィルタを介して前記液晶素子から得られる発光は、NTSCのカバー率が20%以上60%以下であり、
前記発光素子から得られる発光は、BT.2020のカバー率が75%以上100%以下であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 液晶素子と、発光素子と、を有し、
前記液晶素子から得られる発光は、NTSCのカバー率が20%以上60%以下であり、
前記発光素子から得られる発光は、CIE1931色度座標で表される色度(x,y)において、色度xが0.130以上0.250以下、色度yが0.710より大きく0.810以下であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 液晶素子と、発光素子と、を有し、
前記液晶素子から得られる発光は、NTSCのカバー率が20%以上60%以下であり、
前記発光素子から得られる発光は、CIE1931色度座標で表される色度(x,y)において、色度xが0.680より大きく0.720以下、色度yが0.260以上0.320以下であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 液晶素子と、発光素子と、を有し、
前記液晶素子から得られる発光は、NTSCのカバー率が20%以上60%以下であり、
前記発光素子から得られる発光は、CIE1931色度座標で表される色度(x,y)において、色度xが0.120以上0.170以下、色度yが0.020以上0.060未満であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記液晶素子は、反射型の液晶素子であり、
前記発光素子は、反射電極と、半透過・半反射電極と、の間にEL層を有する発光素子であることを特徴とする表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、
操作キー、スピーカ、マイク、または、外部接続部と、を有する電子機器。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、
操作キー、スピーカ、マイク、または、外部接続部と、を有する携帯電話機。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の表示装置と、
操作キー、スピーカ、マイク、または、外部接続部と、を有する携帯情報端末。
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- 2016-11-16 TW TW105137475A patent/TWI724060B/zh active
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2017
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- 2017-08-08 US US15/671,750 patent/US20180052363A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-08 JP JP2017153470A patent/JP7044497B2/ja active Active
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JP2021522671A (ja) * | 2018-04-21 | 2021-08-30 | ペロエルイーディー リミテッド | ペロブスカイト発光ダイオードを含むピクセル配列 |
US11737343B2 (en) | 2018-09-17 | 2023-08-22 | Excyton Limited | Method of manufacturing perovskite light emitting device by inkjet printing |
JP2020083007A (ja) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-04 | 兪樺 阮 | 変色が可能な車両ランプ |
Also Published As
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US20180052363A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
US20200133064A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
JP7044497B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 |
TW201819960A (zh) | 2018-06-01 |
TWI746394B (zh) | 2021-11-11 |
WO2018033804A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
TWI724060B (zh) | 2021-04-11 |
US11300826B2 (en) | 2022-04-12 |
TW202129314A (zh) | 2021-08-01 |
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