JP2017537190A - フッ素樹脂を核形成剤として使用してポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるためのプロセス - Google Patents
フッ素樹脂を核形成剤として使用してポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017537190A JP2017537190A JP2017527723A JP2017527723A JP2017537190A JP 2017537190 A JP2017537190 A JP 2017537190A JP 2017527723 A JP2017527723 A JP 2017527723A JP 2017527723 A JP2017527723 A JP 2017527723A JP 2017537190 A JP2017537190 A JP 2017537190A
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- Prior art keywords
- fluororesin
- composition
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- polyolefin
- ptfe
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- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCILJBJJZALOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-n'-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]propanehydrazide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)NNC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HCILJBJJZALOAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKITPBQPGXDHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methylocta-1,6-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCCC=C UCKITPBQPGXDHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWENCKJTWWADRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methyldeca-1,8-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCCCCC=C PWENCKJTWWADRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
- C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
- C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
- C08J9/283—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum a discontinuous liquid phase emulsified in a continuous macromolecular phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
- H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
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Abstract
Description
(A)45〜95重量%のHDPEと、
(B)4〜54重量%のLDPEと、
(C)80%または85%以上のPTFE粒子の凝集体及び非凝集PTFE粒子を含む0.01〜1重量%のPTFEであって、該凝集体及び該非凝集粒子の両方がサブミクロンサイズである、PTFEと、を含むか、またはそれから本質的になる発泡性組成物であり、
該PTFEは、分散重合によって調製され、該組成物は、該HDPE、LDPE、及びPTFEをバッチ混合することによって調製される。
別段にそうではないと示されるか、文脈から黙示的であるか、または当該技術分野において慣習的でない限り、全ての部及びパーセントは重量を基準とし、全ての試験法は本開示の出願日時点のものである。密度は、ASTM D−792によって、及びASTM D−1238によるMIによって測定される(190℃./2.16kg)。
「ポリオレフィン」及び類似の用語は、例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン等の1つ以上の単純なオレフィンモノマーに由来するポリマーを意味する。オレフィンモノマーは、置換または非置換であり得、置換である場合、置換基は多岐にわたり得る。ポリオレフィンが不飽和を含有する場合、コモノマーのうちの好ましくは少なくとも1つは、少なくとも1つの非共役ジエン、例えば、1,7−オクタジエン、1,9−デカジエン、1,11−ドデカジエン、1,13−テトラデカジエン、7−メチル−1,6−オクタジエン、9−メチル−1,8−デカジエン等である。多くのポリオレフィンは、熱可塑性である。ポリオレフィンとしては、限定されるものではないが、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、ポリイソプレン、及びそれらの種々のインターポリマーが挙げられる。
本発明の核剤を構成するフッ素樹脂は、フッ素含有モノマーのホモポリマー及びコポリマーを含む、種々のポリマーであり得る。本発明の実践において使用され得るフッ素樹脂の例としては、限定されるものではないが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン−ペルフルオロアルキルビニルエーテルコポリマー(PFA)、エチレンテトラフルオロエチレンコポリマー(ETFE)、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレンコポリマー(FEP)、テトラフルオロエチレン−エチレンコポリマー、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン−エチレンコポリマー(ECTFE)等が挙げられる。PTFE、PFA、及びETFEは好ましく、PTFEが特に好ましい。
フッ素樹脂粒子、特に1ミクロン未満のサイズのものは、凝集しやすい。本発明の一実施形態では、核剤は、少なくとも1つのフッ素樹脂、好ましくはPTFEである。いくつかの市販されているフッ素樹脂粉末、特に分散重合によって作製されるものは、高濃度の、少なくとも5ミクロン(μm)のサイズ、例えば、直径の凝集体を含む。典型的には、凝集体のサイズは、4〜50ミクロン、より典型的には5〜20ミクロン、さらにより典型的には5〜15ミクロンの範囲である。典型的には、これらの粉末中の少なくとも5μmのサイズの核剤粒子の量は、少なくとも80%、より典型的には少なくとも82%、さらにより典型的には少なくとも85%である。これらの粉末は、例えば、HDPE及び/またはLDPE等の多くのポリオレフィン中で良好に分散しない。
本発明において使用されるポリオレフィン組成物は、必要に応じて、または所望により、1つ以上の添加剤を含有してもよい。代表的な添加剤としては、限定されるものではないが、加工助剤、潤滑剤、安定剤(酸化防止剤)、発泡助剤、核形成剤、界面活性剤、流動助剤、粘度制御剤、着色剤、銅害阻害剤などが挙げられる。これらの添加剤は、加工の前か、または加工中かのいずれかでポリマー(単数または複数)に添加され得る。ポリオレフィン組成物中の任意の特定の添加剤の量は、典型的には0.01〜1重量%、より典型的には0.01〜0.5重量%、さらにより典型的には0.01〜0.3重量%であり、ポリオレフィン組成物中の添加剤の総量は、仮に存在する場合、典型的には0.01〜5重量%、より典型的には0.01〜2重量%、さらにより典型的には0.01〜1重量%である。
発泡剤は、押出温度、発泡条件、発泡体形成法等に好適な1つ以上のものである。最終形態の絶縁発泡体層が押出形成と同時に形成される場合、例えば、窒素、炭素ガス(例えば、CO、CO2等)、ヘリウム、アルゴン等の不活性気体、例えば、メタン、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン等の炭化水素、例えば、ジクロロジフロロメタン、ジクロロモノフルオロメタン、モノクロロジフロロメタン、トリクロロモノフルオロメタン、モノクロロペンタフルオロエタン、トリクロロトリフルオロエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素が使用される。使用される発泡剤の量は、変動し得る。典型的にはそれは、発泡されるポリオレフィン組成物100重量部当たり0.001〜0.1重量部、より典型的には0.005〜0.05重量部である。発泡剤は、発泡される有機ポリマーと事前に混合されてもよく、または押出機のバレル上に形成された発泡剤供給口から押出機内に供給されてもよい。
本発明のポリオレフィン組成物は、既知の方法及び既知の設備を使用して発泡される。典型的には、発泡体は、核剤を含有するポリオレフィン組成物を、該組成物が高圧区域にあるときに、例えば、発泡剤の注入等の発泡押出条件下で動作される押出機を使用して押出し、その後、該組成物を低圧区域に押出することによって生成される。発泡プロセスは、C.P.Park in Polyolefin Foam,Chapter 9,Handbook of Polymer Foams and Technology,D.Klempner及びK.C.Frisch編,Hanser Publishers(1991)によってさらに説明される。
一実施形態では、核剤は、分散重合によって調製される。
以下の実験は、本発明の種々の実施形態を例証するために提供される。それらは、別段に説明及び請求されるように本発明を制限することを意図するものではない。全ての数値は近似値である。
材料
LDPE−1は、2.3g/10分のMI(ASTM D−1238、(190℃./2.16kg))及び0.92g/ccの密度(ASTM D−792)を有する低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)である。
調製
調製は2ステップアプローチに従い、初めに、内部混合ボウル(カム刃を備え付けたBRABENDER(商標)モデルPrep Mixer/Measuring Head実験室用電気バッチ混合機)を使用して、より高濃度のマスターバッチ(MB)をバッチ混合動作にて作製した後、二軸スクリュー押出機内で希釈する。各試験は、初めにポリマーが添加され、次にPTFE粉末及び酸化防止剤が増加添加される従来的な混合サイクル添加を使用して開始する。加工温度設定点は120℃であり、混合機荷重速度は35毎分回転数(rpm)である。ポリマー樹脂が流動し始めた後、PTFE粉末及び酸化防止剤を充填する。溶融混合に必要な時間は、約4分間である。調製された濃縮PTFE(20%)核形成剤MBを、第2の混合ステップのために18ミリメートル(mm)二軸スクリュー押出機(TSE−18)上で10% PTFE MB中に希釈して、ポリエチレンマトリックス中のPTFE核形成剤の所望の分散を達成する。
膨張比
発泡された試料を、液体窒素を利用して破壊し、その後、剃刀刃を使用してスライスを切断する。スライスを、走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)分析の前にEMITECH(商標)K575Xコーターを使用して白金でコーティングする。SEM画像を、FEI Nova NanoSEM 630 SEM上で、エバハート・ソーンリー検出器(ETD)及びスルーレンズ検出器(TLD)によって5kVの加速電圧、およそ6.5mmの作業距離、及び5のスポットサイズで獲得する。平均セルサイズを、SEM写真の分析を通じて得る。
図1A及び1Bは、走査電子顕微鏡の画像であり、同一の混合プロセスを受ける異なる初期粒子形態が異なる粒子分散をもたらすことを示している。実施例1の凝集体は、最初に、分散重合を介して生成されたサブミクロン粒子からなり、ポリマーマトリックス中で小さい個々の粒子に均一に再分散される。比較例1の凝集体は、実施例1のものと同等のサイズであるが、小さい均一な粒子に均質に分けられていない。2つの核形成剤は、図2A及び2Bに示される通り、完全に異なる発泡体構造をもたらす。
押出機対バッチ混合
高負荷連続混合機(二軸スクリュー押出機、BUSS(商標)Kneader、Twin−rotor Farrel、JSWまたはKobe machines)と比較して、内部バッチ混合機は、低負荷、低速であり、すなわち、長い混合時間(約数分)を伴う低剪断混合機である。対照的に、連続混合機は、はるかに高速で、すなわち、より高い剪断速度及びより低い滞留時間(5〜20秒間が典型的である)で動作する。以下の実験は、ポリマーマトリックス中の核剤の分散及び結果として得られる発泡された生成物に対するこれらの2つの混合レジメの効果を比較する。本発見は、より低剪断であるが、高負荷、より短い混合時間と比較してより均質な分散を達成するために、より長い滞留時間にわたり依然として高い分散力である混合レジメに起因し得る。
WERNER&PFLEIDERER(登録商標)ZSK−30、11バレル二軸スクリュー押出機を使用して、LDPE−2中の10重量%PTFE分散体を調製する。押出機は100rpmの比較的穏やかな速度で稼働し、溶融物排出温度は170℃である。
MKS−70 BUSS(商標)(20L/D)Co−Kneaderを使用して、LDPE−2中の10重量%PTFE分散体を調製する。機械は250rpmで稼働し、溶融物排出温度は191℃である。
得られた最良の分散は、図3Aに示されるものであり、見られるように、上述され図3Bに示されるバッチ法と比較して、図3Bに示されるBuss分散は5ミクロン以上の大きい粒子を含有し、同一倍率下で、小さい粒子は図3Aのものと比較してより大きい。
Claims (13)
- 80%以上の5ミクロン以上のサイズの凝集体を含むフッ素樹脂核形成剤を使用して、ポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるためのプロセスであって、前記凝集体が、サブミクロン粒子を含み、前記プロセスが、(A)前記凝集体の前記サイズを低減して、80%以上の1ミクロン未満のサイズの粒子または凝集体を含むフッ素樹脂核形成剤を生成するステップと、(B)前記(A)の核形成剤をポリオレフィンと混合して、発泡性組成物を生成するステップと、(C)前記発泡性組成物を発泡させるステップと、を含む、プロセス。
- 前記(B)の発泡性組成物が、前記(A)の核形成剤を前記ポリオレフィンとバッチ混合することによって作製される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- ポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるためのプロセスであって、(A)ポリオレフィン及びフッ素樹脂のマスターバッチであって、(1)前記フッ素樹脂が、前記マスターバッチの1〜50重量パーセントを構成し、(2)前記フッ素樹脂の大部分が、サブミクロンフッ素樹脂粒子の凝集体を含み、前記凝集体が5μm以上のサイズである、マスターバッチを調製するステップと、(B)前記フッ素樹脂凝集体の前記サイズを、前記マスターバッチ中の前記フッ素樹脂の80%以上が、1μm未満のサイズのフッ素樹脂凝集体またはフッ素樹脂粒子を含むか、またはそれから本質的になるように低減するステップと、(3)前記(B)のマスターバッチをポリオレフィンと混合して、前記ポリオレフィン中に実質的に均一に分散された前記フッ素樹脂の混合物を形成するステップと、(D)前記(C)の混合物を発泡させるステップと、を含む、プロセス。
- 前記フッ素樹脂が、分散重合によって調製される、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のプロセス。
- 前記ポリオレフィン組成物の前記ポリオレフィンが、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)及び低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)を含む、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記HDPEが、前記組成物の重量を基準として前記組成物の45〜95重量パーセントを構成し、前記LDPEが、前記組成物の重量を基準として前記組成物の4〜54重量パーセントを構成する、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記フッ素樹脂が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)を含む、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記PTFEが、前記組成物の重量を基準として、0.01〜1重量%の量で前記組成物中に存在する、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記組成物が、酸化防止剤及びセル安定剤のうちの少なくとも1つをさらに含む、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のプロセスによって作製される、発泡体。
- 請求項10に記載の発泡体を含む絶縁層を含む、ケーブル。
- ポリオレフィン及びフッ素樹脂を含むか、またはそれから本質的になるマスターバッチであって、(1)前記フッ素樹脂が、前記マスターバッチの1〜50重量パーセントを構成し、(2)前記フッ素樹脂の大部分が、フッ素樹脂粒子の凝集体及び/または非凝集フッ素樹脂粒子を含み、前記凝集体及び前記非凝集粒子の両方が、サブミクロンサイズである、マスターバッチ。
- 発泡性組成物であって、前記組成物の重量を基準として、
(A)45〜95重量%のHDPEと、
(B)4〜54重量%のLDPEと、
(C)80%または85%以上のPTFE粒子の凝集体及び非凝集PTFE粒子を含む0.01〜1重量%のPTFEであって、前記凝集体及び前記非凝集粒子の両方がサブミクロンサイズである、PTFEと、を含み、
前記PTFEが、分散重合によって調製され、前記組成物が、前記HDPE、LDPE、及びPTFEをバッチ混合することによって調製される、発泡性組成物。
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