JP2017536542A - 吸光度および蛍光に基づく水処理パラメータの決定 - Google Patents
吸光度および蛍光に基づく水処理パラメータの決定 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
A254nm=ε254nm・DOC・l
に相当し、ここでε254nmはモル吸光係数、DOCは溶存有機炭素濃度であり通常(mg/l)で表される。lは吸光度経路長である。DOCには通常、合計で3つから4つの明確なスペクトル成分(C1〜C4)または254nmで励起すると蛍光発光が異なる下記の天然由来種が含まれる:
Cl=高分子量フミン/フルボ酸(励起(ex)254nm、発光(em)475nm);
C2=中−低分子量(MW)フミン/フルボ酸s(ex254nm、em425nm);
C3=タンパク質様成分(ex254nm、em350nm);
C4=低分子量タンパク質様成分(ex254nm、em325nm)
自然供給地表水のほぼ全てを、スペクトル分散の99%超を占める成分C1〜C3の和としてモデル化できる。そして、254nmで励起した蛍光スペクトルは、特定の水処理工程または一連の工程に応じた3つまたは4つの成分のいずれかの変化を評価するのに必要な99%超の情報を含む。
254nmで励起した各成分(C1−C4)の量子的な寄与は、通常以下のように定義される:
ここで、温度(T)と(pH)が量子的寄与に影響することもあるが、4つの成分間の寄与率の差異は統計的に通常ごくわずかであり、4つの成分の処理工程でpHの役割も小さく、つまり典型的な地表水処理の用途において、温度とpHは通常は大きな要因ではないが、より広義の適用モデルでは考慮される。
DOC=A254nm/ε254nm・l
なぜなら、この例ではモル吸光係数(ε254nm)の変化は、Ctotが示す成分の合計と線形関係にあるからである。
THMFP(ppb)=a(A254nm)+b(C2:Cl)+c(pH)+d([Cl−])+e(T)+f([Alk])
ここで、a、b、c、dおよびeは線形係数である。典型的には、TOC予測と同様に、切片0と統一された傾きを、一次方程式フィットパラメータに限定して予測相関関係を増大させることができる。
Claims (20)
- 試料の吸光度および蛍光を測定するシステムであって、
少なくとも1つの励起波長を生成する入力光源と、
前記試料を受け取り、前記入力光源からの前記少なくとも1つの励起波長によって照射されるように配置されたチャンバと、
吸光度測定中に前記試料を透過した光と、前記少なくとも1つの励起波長のそれぞれによる照射に応じて蛍光測定中に非平行な励起光路に沿って前記試料から発せられた光と、を選択的に受け入れ、かつ検出するように配置された検出器と、
前記吸光度測定中に、前記試料を透過した光を受け入れ、前記透過した光を前記検出器に向けるように配置された光ファイバと、を具備し、
前記蛍光測定中に前記試料から発せられた光が、光ファイバを通過することなく前記検出器に向けられるシステム。 - 前記検出器の上流に配置されたオーダーソートフィルタを更に具備する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記入力光源が、254nmの公称波長を有する光を生成する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記入力光源が、
広帯域光源と、
254nmの公称波長を有する光を通す狭帯域フィルタと、
を具備する、請求項3に記載のシステム。 - 前記入力光源が、
出力波長がそれぞれ異なる複数の単色光源と、
前記複数の光源のそれぞれと関連している光ファイバであって、前記複数の光源の1つを選択して前記入力光源の出力に接続する光ファイバと、
を具備する、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記入力光源の前記出力が光ファイバを具備する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 光ファイバによって前記入力光源の前記出力に接続された基準検出器を更に具備する、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出器と通信して、前記吸光度測定を用いて前記蛍光測定を補正し、前記試料の前記蛍光測定と前記吸光度測定とに基づいて試料パラメータを決定するコンピュータを更に具備し、
前記コンピュータが、前記少なくとも1つの励起波長に応じて発せられる、前記試料の第1ピーク発光波長測定と、前記試料の少なくとも第2ピーク発光波長測定とを行い、前記第1ピーク発光波長測定と前記第2ピーク発光波長測定とに基づいて前記試料パラメータを算出するように構成されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記試料チャンバが、前記蛍光測定中および前記吸光度測定中に前記試料が流れるフロースルーキュベットを具備する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記試料チャンバがフロースルーキュベットを具備し、前記蛍光測定中および前記吸光度測定中に前記キュベットを通る流れを選択的に止める少なくとも1つのコンピュータ制御された弁を更に具備する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出器の上流において、前記吸光度測定中に前記試料を透過した光の光路と、前記蛍光測定中に前記試料から発せられた光とを組み合わせるように配置されたビームスプリッタを更に具備する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 水処理工程に関連するオンライン水試料を受け入れる水処理監視システムであって、
処理前の水試料と処理後の水試料とを供給する配管と、
それぞれ少なくとも1つの励起波長を生成する複数の入力光源と、
前記複数の入力光源のそれぞれと関連付けられた複数の光ファイバと、
前記複数の光ファイバに接続され、前記複数のファイバのうち選択された1つのファイバからの前記少なくとも1つの励起波長を送る光混合管と、
前記光混合管に接続され、前記少なくとも1つの励起波長の一部を受け取り、対応する基準信号を生成する基準検出器と、
前記処理前の水試料と前記処理後の水試料とを選択的に受け入れ、前記複数の入力光源のうち選択された1つからの前記少なくとも1つの励起波長によって照射されるように配置された試料キュベットと、
吸光度測定中に前記試料を透過した光と、前記少なくとも1つの励起波長それぞれによる照射に応じて蛍光測定中に前記試料から発せられた光との複数の波長を、選択的に受け取りかつ検出するように配置されたマルチチャネル検出器と、
前記基準検出器および前記マルチチャネル検出器と通信して、
前記基準信号に基づいて前記蛍光測定と前記吸光度測定とを補正し、
前記吸光度測定を用いて前記蛍光測定を補正し、かつ
前記処理前の水試料と前記処理後の水試料の前記蛍光測定と前記吸光度測定とに基づいて、前記水処理工程に関連する水処理パラメータを決定するコンピュータと、
を具備する水処理監視システム。 - 前記吸光度測定中に、前記試料キュベットを透過した光を受け取り、前記透過した光を前記マルチチャネル検出器に向けるように配置された光ファイバを更に具備する、請求項12に記載の水処理監視システム。
- 前記配管が、コンピュータ制御された弁を含み、前記処理前の水試料と前記処理後の水試料とを前記試料キュベットに選択的に送る、請求項12に記載の水処理監視システム。
- 前記キュベットがフロースルーキュベットを具備し、前記吸光度測定中および前記蛍光測定中、前記処理前水試料が前記キュベットを通って流れる、請求項12に記載の水処理監視システム。
- 前記コンピュータが、
前記少なくとも1つの励起波長に応じて発せられる第1ピーク蛍光発光波長および第2ピーク蛍光発光波長を測定し、
前記第1ピーク発光波長の測定結果に対する前記第2ピーク発光波長の測定結果の比を決定し、
少なくとも前記比と前記吸光度測定との線形結合に基づいて、前記水処理パラメータの処理前値と前記水処理パラメータの処理後値とを算出する、請求項12に記載の水処理監視システム。 - 蛍光測定と吸光度測定を用いて工程を監視するシステムであって、
少なくとも1つの励起波長を生成する入力光源と、
処理前の試料と処理後の試料とを選択して受け入れ、前記入力光源からの前記少なくとも1つの励起波長によって照射されるように配置された試料チャンバと、
吸光度測定中に前記試料を透過した光と、前記少なくとも1つの励起波長のそれぞれによる照射に応じて蛍光測定中に前記試料から発せられた光と、複数の波長を、選択的に受け入れかつ検出するように配置された検出器と、
前記吸光度測定中に前記試料チャンバを透過した光を前記検出器に送るように配置された光ファイバと、
前記蛍光測定中に前記試料から発せられた光を受け取り、光ファイバを通過することなく前記検出器に前記光を送るように配置された光学系と、を具備する水処理監視システム。 - 前記検出器と通信して、前記吸光度測定を用いて前記蛍光測定を補正し、かつ前記処理前の水試料および前記処理後の水試料の前記蛍光測定および前記吸光度測定とに応じて、水処理パラメータの処理前値と前記水処理パラメータの処理後値とを決定するコンピュータと、
前記コンピュータと通信して、前記少なくとも1つの励起波長の一部を受け取るように配置された基準検出器とをさらに具備し、
前記コンピュータが前記基準検出器からの信号に基づいて、前記蛍光測定と前記吸光度測定とを補正する、請求項17に記載の水処理監視システム。 - 前記試料チャンバに接続され、前記処理前の試料および前記処理後の試料を供給する配管をさらに具備する、請求項17に記載の水処理監視システム。
- 前記配管がコンピュータ制御された弁を具備し、前記処理前の試料と前記処理後の試料の、前記試料チャンバへの流れを制御する、請求項19に記載の水処理監視システム。
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US10184892B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
US20160123882A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
EP3213055A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
CN107209112A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
JP6643333B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
CN107209112B (zh) | 2020-08-07 |
WO2016069279A1 (en) | 2016-05-06 |
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