CN115667886A - 扩展式立体角浊度传感器 - Google Patents

扩展式立体角浊度传感器 Download PDF

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CN115667886A
CN115667886A CN202180036389.3A CN202180036389A CN115667886A CN 115667886 A CN115667886 A CN 115667886A CN 202180036389 A CN202180036389 A CN 202180036389A CN 115667886 A CN115667886 A CN 115667886A
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sensor array
linear
linear sensor
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turbidity
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K·弗拉纳甘
R·梅茨格
K·洛格斯
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Abstract

浊度传感器的特征在于信号处理器或处理模块，该信号处理器或处理模块被配置为：接收信令，该信令包含与从液体中的悬浮物质反射并由线性传感器阵列感测的光有关的信息，该线性传感器阵列具有光学元件的行和列；以及基于所接收的信令，确定包含与液体的浊度浓度有关的信息的对应信令。

Description

扩展式立体角浊度传感器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年5月20日提交的临时专利申请序列号63/027,587(911-023.9-1-1/N-YSI-0045US01)、于2020年5月21日提交的63/028,013号(911-023.010-1-1/N-YSI-0046US02)以及于2020年5月22日提交的63/028,723号(911-023.011-1-1/N-YSI-0047US02)的权益，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于测量水质的传感器；并且更具体地涉及用于测量水质的浊度传感器。
背景技术
传统的浊度感测技术由于散射信号(立体角)的捕获较差/低效而具有较差的灵敏度(特别是现场可部署的传感器)。现有的浊度传感器通常采用利用光敏元件的单个激发光源、和单个或点状发射接收器。不考虑所使用的特定光敏元件或激发光源，现有技术中已知的当前浊度传感器不是光-机械配置用于有效捕获立体角，从而导致浊度检测极限受损。
测量基于散射的信号的困难在于：随机散射的光辐射的空间/方向性质。现在考虑单个混浊粒子的激发。对于典型的环境水质监测条件，单个混浊粒子的散射辐射的空间分布由球体很好地近似，从而导致散射辐射的4π[球面度]立体角(参见图1)。为了最佳地捕获这样的浊度信号，需要与辐射图案紧密匹配的光敏面积，即，呈球形壳形状的光敏面积。参见图1，鉴于此，在本领域中需要更好的浊度传感器。
此外，并且例如，于2008年4月7日提交的题为“System and method for high-throughput turbidity measurements”的PCT/US2008/059575公开了使用空间梯度方法来进行浊度测量的技术。浊度测量系统包括：包含多个样本的样本组件；照射样本组件的光源；以及光检测系统，其包括二维光敏阵列。光敏阵列被同时暴露于透过样本组件中的每个样本的光。曝光被分析来确定每个样本的平均透射光强度、并基于其平均透射光强度来计算每个样本的浊度值。在测量时段期间可以进行多次曝光，以获得样本的时间分辨浊度测量值。样本的温度可以在测量时段期间改变，以根据温度来测量浊度。
发明内容
总之，本发明的目的是极大地提高所捕获的立体角，从而显著提高浊度测量的灵敏度。
所考虑的传感器并入了(在现场控制的传感器中可实践的范围内)在理想化的长圆柱几何结构中呈现的许多特征。本发明采用线性光电二极管阵列(所提出的方法不限于光电二极管技术，例如，也可以使用线性CCD或CMOS阵列)。线性阵列允许用于生物污染对抗措施(诸如机动擦拭)的充足空间。附加地，线性传感器阵列目前可作为相对便宜的商业现货(COTS)部件而获得。
本发明的关键具体在于光机配置，其利用沿拟准直光源的长度的宽的线性阵列来增强信号捕获。附加地，该设计允许捕获反向散射辐射-单个实施例中全部如此。
本设计与基于非强度的浊度确定兼容。这些测量是空间相关的，主要构思是光学信号将遵循比尔定律跨线性阵列而经历衰减，从而创建“空间梯度”。该空间梯度包含与浊度浓度有关的信息。
基于非强度的测量不受激发源的“漂移”的影响。换言之，空间梯度不受激发源强度的适度变化(例如，在使用过程中LED强度降级)、或由于热效应引起的光学功率变化的影响。
根据本发明的“空间梯度”方法实现了实时、内部滤波效应(IFE)校正，这极大地增强了高浓度感测范围。(相比之下，内部滤波校正的已知技术涉及在现场部署之后经由实验室分析的后处理。)
附加地，根据本发明的“空间梯度”方法还允许使用本领域已知的基于振幅的技术不能实现的某些类型的干扰校正。
上述“空间梯度”方法要求阵列中的每个光学元件是可单独寻址的。然而，存在可能的设计变型，其涉及以并联配置来连接所有线性阵列元件，这将排除单独可寻址性的可能性。然而，这样的设计变型可以被修改以包括透射光电二极管(位于阵列的端部处，与源相对)，该透射光电二极管将恢复传感器执行漂移校正和IFE校正的能力。
根据一些实施例，本发明可以包括或采取以信号处理器或处理模块为特征的装置，信号处理器或处理模块被配置为：
接收信令，信令包含与从液体中的悬浮物质反射、并由线性传感器阵列感测的光有关的信息，该线性传感器阵列具有光学元件的行和列；以及
基于所接收的信令，确定包含与液体的参数浓度有关的信息的对应信令。
装置可以包括以下附加特征中的一个或多个：
参数可以包括液体浊度。
装置可以包括线性传感器阵列。
线性传感器阵列可以包括线性光电二极管阵列。
线性传感器阵列可以包括线性CCD阵列。
线性传感器阵列可以包括线性CMOS阵列。
线性传感器阵列可以包括闭合圆柱传感器阵列，其具有光学元件的行和列的三维圆柱阵列。
装置可以是浊度传感器。
装置可以包括拟准直光源，拟准直光源具有一定长度、并被配置为：沿线性传感器阵列的对应长度，提供包括拟准直光的光。
信号处理器或处理模块可以被配置为：基于跨线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的衰减来确定参数。
线性传感器阵列可以包括可单独寻址的二维光学元件阵列。
信号处理器或处理模块可以被配置为：基于跨线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的空间梯度来确定浊度，该空间梯度包含与浊度浓度有关的信息。
光学元件可以由信号处理器或处理模块单独寻址。
光学元件的行或列可以并联连接并、且可由信号处理器或处理模块寻址；装置可以包括位于线性传感器阵列的、与光源相对的端部处的透射光电二极管，该透射光电二极管被配置为：对从悬浮物质反射的光做出响应，并且提供包含与悬浮物质有关的信息的透射光电二极管信令；并且信号处理器或处理模块可以被配置为：接收光电二极管信令、并针对漂移或内部滤波效应来校正对应信令。
根据一些实施例，本发明可以包括浊度传感器，该浊度传感器的特征在于拟准直光源、线性传感器阵列和信号处理器或处理模块。拟准直光源具有一定长度、并且可以被配置为向液体样本提供拟准直光。线性传感器阵列可以包括光学元件的行和列，并且被配置为：沿着拟准直光源的长度，感测从液体样本中的悬浮物质反射的光，并且提供包含与从悬浮物质反射的光有关的信息的信令。
信号处理器或处理模块可以被配置为：
接收信令；以及
基于所接收的信令，确定包含与液体的浊度浓度有关的信息的对应信令。
浊度传感器还可以包括上述特征中的一个或多个。
方法
根据一些实施例，本发明可以包括方法，方法的特征在于：
使用信号处理器或处理模块，接收信令，信令包含与从液体中的悬浮物质反射并且由线性传感器阵列感测的光有关的信息，该线性传感器阵列具有光学元件的行和列；以及、
基于所接收的信令，使用信号处理器或处理模块，确定包含与液体的参数的浓度有关的信息的对应信令。
方法还可以包括上述特征中的一个或多个。
计算机可读存储介质
根据本发明的一些实施例，本发明还可以采取计算机可读存储介质的形式，计算机可读存储介质具有用于执行上述方法的步骤的计算机可执行部件。计算机可读存储介质还可以包括上述特征中的一个或多个。
优点
本发明提供优于现有技术中的当前已知技术的明显优点，如下：
1)立体角的优化捕获极大地增强了信号灵敏度，从而显著增强了浊度检测的最低极限。线性传感器阵列提供大得多的总有效面积来捕获散射射线。更重要的是，沿拟准直激发源的方向，在最重要的维度上，有效面积较大。附加地，由于上述原因，较宽的线性阵列优选地在较薄的线性阵列上，以增加了有效面积。然而，存在关于宽度的收益递减的限制，即，不与激发束的直径大致匹配的阵列宽度呈现为非理想的。
2)本发明使得能够测量反向散射的辐射(除了径向发射的侧向散射之外)-全部在单个感测实施例中。
3)准柱状激发源到线性传感器阵列之间的距离被最小化，因为这除了感测范围之外还增强了灵敏度。
附图说明
不一定按比例绘制的附图包括图1-图6B，如下：
图1是由球体近似的单个混浊粒子的散射辐射的空间分布的图，其产生本领域已知的散射辐射的4π[球面度]立体角。
图2A是根据本发明的一些实施例的包括浊度传感器的装置的框图。
图2B是根据本发明的一些实施例的具有光学元件的行和列的线性传感器阵列的框图。
图3是根据本发明的一些实施例的相对于线性传感器阵列提供拟准直光的拟准直光源的三维透视图。
图4是图3所示的侧视图，其示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的由线性传感器阵列捕获的反向散射辐射。
图5是相对传感器响应对相对浓度的曲线图，例如，示出了受让人的当前EXO浊度传感器(带点的实线)与线性阵列浊度传感器(实线)的灵敏度比较。注意，该图示出了基于根据本发明的设计的物理模型的仿真数据。
图6A是示出根据本发明的针对理想化的长圆柱壳几何结构(例如，诸如3-D圆柱形线性传感器阵列)的立体角捕获的三维绘制的等距视图。
图6B是示出了理想化的长圆柱壳几何形状(诸如，3-D圆柱形线性传感器阵列)的截面图。
为了减少附图中的混乱，附图中的每个图不必包括其中所示的每个元素的每个附图标记。
具体实施方式
图2示出了根据本发明的包括浊度传感器的装置10，浊度传感器具有拟准直光源20、线性传感器阵列30和信号处理器或处理模块40。
信号处理器或处理模块40可以被配置为：
接收信令，信令包含与从液体中的悬浮物质反射、并由线性传感器阵列30感测的光Lr有关的信息，该线性传感器阵列30具有光学元件的行和列(r1，c1；r1，c2；r1，c3；r1，c4；r1，c5；r1，c6；r1，c7；r1，c8；…；r1，cn；r2，c1；r2，c2；r2，c3；r2，c4；r2，c5；r2，c6；r2，c7；r2，c8；…；r2，cn；r3，c1；r3，c2；r3，c3；r3，c4；r3，c5；r3，c6；r3，c7；r3，c8；…；r3，cn；…；rn，c1；rn，c2；rn，c3；rn，c4；rn，c5；rn，c6；rn，c7；rn，c8；…；rn，cn)；以及
基于所接收的信令来确定包含与液体的参数的浓度有关的信息的对应信令。
参数
例如，参数可以包括液体中的浊度浓度，并且装置可以是浊度传感器或采取浊度传感器的形式。然而，本发明的范围并不限于现在已知的或将来开发的液体中被感测的任何特定类型或种类的参数。
线性传感器阵列30
例如，装置10可以包括线性传感器阵列30，例如诸如线性光电二极管阵列、线性电荷耦合器件(CCD)阵列、线性CMOS阵列。具体地，例如如图2B所示，线性传感器阵列30可以包括可单独寻址的光学元件的行和列的二维阵列。线性传感器阵列在本领域中是已知的，并且本发明的范围不限于现在已知的或将来开发的任何特定类型或种类。
例如，在以下美国专利号9,020,202；8,022,349；7,956,341；7,040,538；5,252,818和4,193,057中公开了线性传感器阵列，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
图3和图4
作为示例，装置10可以包括源20，源20被配置为沿着线性传感器阵列30的对应长度(例如，如图2和3中所示)提供光Lc，光Lc包括拟准直光，例如借助相对于光源20和线性传感器阵列30布置的液体样本，将光Lr从被监视或测试的液体样本中的悬浮物质反射到线性传感器阵列30上。例如，光Lr可以被径向反射(图3)和反向反射(图4)，即，反向散射的反射光或辐射。
如本领域技术人员将理解的，拟准直光源在本领域中是已知的，并且本发明的范围不旨在限于现在已知或将来以后开发的任何特定类型或种类。
图4示出了与所示一致的由线性传感器阵列30捕获的反向散射辐射，其中反向散射辐射被理解为液体样本中的悬浮物质反射的、且反向行进的光。
信号处理器或处理模块40
例如，信号处理器或处理模块40可以被配置为：基于跨线性传感器阵列所感测的光信号的衰减(跨线性传感器阵列包含其长度和宽度)，确定参数，参数包括浊度。用于感测光学信号的衰减(例如，与液体中的浊度浓度相关)的技术在本领域中是已知的，并且本发明的范围不旨在限于现在已知或将来以后开发的任何特定类型或种类。
例如，信号处理器或处理模块40可以被配置为：基于跨线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的空间梯度来确定浊度浓度。如本领域的技术人员将理解，用于基于光学信号的空间梯度来确定液体中的浊度浓度的技术在本领域中是已知的，例如，与本文所述的PCT/US2008/059575一致，其全部内容通过引用并入本文，并且本发明的范围不旨在限于现在已知或将来稍后开发的任何特定类型或种类的技术。
在备选实施例中，光学元件的行或列可以并联连接、并且可由信号处理器或处理模块40寻址；装置10可以包括位于线性传感器阵列30的、与光源20相对的端部处的透射光电二极管30a，该透射光电二极管30a被配置为：对从悬浮物质反射的光L做出响应、并且提供包含与悬浮物质有关的信息的透射光电二极管信令；并且信号处理器或处理模块40可以被配置为：接收光电二极管信令、并且针对漂移或内部滤波效应来校正对应信令。
信号处理功能的实现方式
例如，信号处理器或处理模块40的功能可以使用硬件、软件、固件或其组合来实现。在典型的软件实现方式中，信号处理器40将包括基于一个或多个微处理器的架构，该架构具有例如至少一个信号处理器或微处理器。本领域的技术人员将能够利用适当的程序代码对诸如基于微控制器或基于微处理器的实现方式进行编程，以在无需过多实验的情况下，执行本文中所公开的信号处理功能。
本发明的范围不旨在限于使用现在已知的或将来以后开发的技术的任何特定实现方式。本发明的范围旨在包括将(多个)信号处理器的功能实现为独立处理器、信号处理器或信号处理器模块，以及单独处理器或处理器模块以及它们的某种组合。
作为示例，如本领域技术人员将理解的，装置10还可以包括例如整体由50指示的其他信号处理器电路或部件，包括随机存取存储器或存储器模块(RAM)和/或只读存储器(ROM)、输入/输出设备和控件以及将其连接的数据和地址总线和/或至少一个输入处理器和至少一个输出处理器。
作为另一示例，信号处理器可以包括或采取信号处理器和至少一个存储器的某种组合的形式，至少一个存储器包括计算机程序代码，其中信号处理器和至少一个存储器被配置为使得系统实现本发明的功能，例如，响应所接收的信令并基于所接收的信令来确定对应信令。
图6A和图6B：3D圆柱线性传感器阵列60
例如，装置10可以包括闭合圆柱传感器阵列60，闭合圆柱传感器阵列60具有例如如图6A所示的光学元件的行和列的三维圆柱阵列和长度L。
在图6A中，3D圆柱线性传感器阵列32被配置为：沿着其长度L、并且围绕其纵向轴线径向地360度捕获从液体中的悬浮物质反射的光。
如本领域技术人员将理解的，包括LED、激光二极管或宽带灯的普通/实际光源通常被配置为提供柱状或准柱状光学辐射图案，对于该图案，理想的光敏面积采取长的、柱状壳体的形状，捕获与激发柱垂直的射线。根据本专利申请提交时的发明人，没有市售的“闭合圆柱”传感器阵列。
内部滤波效应(IFE)
如本领域技术人员将理解的，IFE是荧光光谱现象，例如，由于接近入射光束的荧光团对激发光的吸收，在浓溶液中观察到的荧光发射存在减少，并且其显著减少了到达样本然后进一步远离该样本的光。
如本领域技术人员将理解的，用于校正IFE的技术在本领域中是已知的，并且本发明的范围不旨在限于现在已知或将来以后开发的任何特定类型或种类。
应用
本发明具有例如在淡水应用(例如，其中浊度是“五大参数”之一)的水质监测以及饮用水监测的基本参数中的应用。
本发明的范围
虽然已参考示例性实施例描述了本发明，但是本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变，并且可以使用等同物来替代其元件。附加地，在不脱离本发明的基本范围的情况下，可以进行修改，以使得特定情况或材料适应本发明的教导。因此，本发明不限于本文中所公开的、作为实现本发明的最佳模式的(多个)特定实施例。

Claims (24)

1.一种装置，包括：
信号处理器或处理模块，其被配置为：
接收信令，所述信令包含与从液体中的悬浮物质反射并由线性传感器阵列感测的光有关的信息，所述线性传感器阵列具有光学元件的行和列；以及
基于所接收的所述信令，确定对应信令，所述对应信令包含与所述液体的参数浓度有关的信息。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述参数是所述液体的浊度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述装置包括所述线性传感器阵列。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述线性传感器阵列包括线性光电二极管阵列。
5.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述线性传感器阵列包括线性CCD阵列。
6.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述线性传感器阵列包括线性CMOS阵列。
7.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述线性传感器阵列包括闭合圆柱传感器阵列，所述闭合圆柱传感器阵列具有所述光学元件的行和列的三维圆柱阵列。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述装置是浊度传感器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述装置包括拟准直光源，所述拟准直光源具有长度、并且被配置为：沿着所述线性传感器阵列的对应长度提供包括拟准直光的光。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述信号处理器或处理模块被配置为：基于跨所述线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的衰减来确定所述参数，其中跨所述线性传感器阵列包括沿着所述线性传感器阵列的长度和宽度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述线性传感器阵列包括可单独寻址的二维光学元件阵列。
12.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中所述信号处理器或处理模块被配置为：基于跨所述线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的空间梯度来确定所述浊度，所述空间梯度包含与所述浊度的浓度有关的信息。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中所述光学元件能够由所述信号处理器或处理模块单独寻址。
14.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其中，
所述光学元件的所述行或所述列并联连接、并且能够由所述信号处理器或处理模块寻址；
所述装置包括位于所述线性传感器阵列的、与所述光源相对的端部处的透射光电二极管，所述透射光电二极管被配置为对从所述悬浮物质反射的光做出响应、并且提供包含与所述悬浮物质有关的信息的透射光电二极管信令；并且
所述信号处理器或处理模块可以被配置为：接收所述光电二极管信令、并且针对漂移或内部滤波效应来校正所述对应信令。
15.一种方法，包括：
使用信号处理器或处理模块，接收信令，所述信令包含与从液体中的悬浮物质反射并且由线性传感器阵列感测的光有关的信息，所述线性传感器阵列具有光学元件的行和列；以及
基于所接收的所述信令，使用所述信号处理器或处理模块，确定包含与所述液体的参数的浓度有关的信息的对应信令。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述参数是所述液体的浊度。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述方法包括将所述线性传感器阵列配置为线性光电二极管阵列、线性CCD阵列或线性CMOS阵列。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述方法包括将所述线性传感器阵列配置为闭合圆柱传感器阵列，所述闭合圆柱传感器阵列具有所述光学元件的行和列的三维圆柱阵列。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述方法包括基于跨所述线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的衰减来确定所述参数。
20.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述方法包括配置光源以提供所述光，提供所述光包括：使用拟准直光源来提供拟准直光。
21.一种浊度传感器，包括：
拟准直光源，其具有长度、并且被配置为向液体样本提供拟准直光；
线性传感器阵列，其具有光学元件的行和列，并且被配置为：沿着所述拟准直光源的所述长度感测从所述液体样本中的悬浮物质反射的光，并且提供包含与从所述悬浮物质反射的所述光有关的信息的信令，以及
信号处理器或处理模块，其被配置为：
接收所述信令；以及
基于所接收的信令，确定包含与所述液体的浊度浓度有关的信息的对应信令。
22.根据权利要求21所述的浊度传感器，其中所述线性传感器阵列包括线性光电二极管阵列、线性CCD阵列或线性CMOS阵列。
23.根据权利要求21所述的浊度传感器，其中所述信号处理器或处理模块被配置为：基于跨所述线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的衰减，确定所述浊度，其中跨所述线性传感器阵列包括沿着所述线性传感器阵列的长度和宽度。
24.根据权利要求21所述的浊度传感器，其中所述信号处理器或处理模块被配置为：基于跨所述线性传感器阵列所感测的光学信号的空间梯度来确定所述浊度，所述空间梯度包含与所述浊度的浓度有关的信息。
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