JP2017529994A - 濾過膜 - Google Patents
濾過膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017529994A JP2017529994A JP2017501191A JP2017501191A JP2017529994A JP 2017529994 A JP2017529994 A JP 2017529994A JP 2017501191 A JP2017501191 A JP 2017501191A JP 2017501191 A JP2017501191 A JP 2017501191A JP 2017529994 A JP2017529994 A JP 2017529994A
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- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- film
- substrate
- nanofiber
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において使用される場合、「任意選択的な」又は「〜されていてもよい」という用語は、その後に記載された事象又は環境が生じ得るか、又は生じ得ないこと、及びその記載は、前述の事象又は環境が生じた例及び生じない例を含むことを意味する。
一実施形態において、本発明は、ナノファイバー基材布地の少なくとも一部の表面に隣接して且つ接触して位置する面を有するキャストされたポリマー多孔質フィルムを含む多孔質膜に関する。基材は厚さを有し、及び膜は、直接基材布地に対してフィルムをキャストする工程を含むプロセスによって調製される。
「平均流動孔径」は、ASTM Designation E 1294−89、「Standard Test Method for Pore Size Characteristics of Membrane Filters Using Automated Liquid Porosimeter」に従って測定される。異なるサイズ(8、20、又は30mm直径)の個々の試料を、低い表面張力の流体(1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロペン、又は16ダイン/cmの表面張力を有する「Galwick」)で湿潤し、ホルダーに置き、空気の圧力差を適用し、試料から流体を除去する。湿潤流動が乾燥流動(湿潤した溶媒のない流動)の1/2に等しい圧力差を使用して、供給されたソフトウェアを使用して平均流動孔径を算出する。
異なる構造特性及びポリマータイプを有するナノファイバーベースの不織布製品を使用して、様々な実施例(表1)を調製した。すべてのナノウェブを、国際公開第03/080905号パンフレットに記載のプロセスによるエレクトロブロープロセスによって作製した。すべてのナノウェブを、ナノウェブPl−1を除き、米国特許第8,697,587号明細書に記載のプロセスによるカレンダー加工によって更に強化した。
実施例1、2、及び3を、下記のプロセスを使用して、ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc)に溶解したポリスルホンの溶液を、ナノファイバーベースの不織布基材に対してキャストする相転移によって作成した。
実施例4及び5、並びに比較例1及び比較例2を、前述のプロセスを用いて、基材に対して、80.5重量%のDMF溶媒に溶解した18.5重量%のポリスルホンと1重量%のLiBr(孔形成剤)の溶液とをキャストすることによって作成した。キャスト条件及び得られた特性を、表3にまとめる。
実施例6及び7を、それぞれ約13μm及び20μmのナイフギャップ及び30フィート/分のキャスト速度で前述のプロセスを用いて、2つの異なるポリエーテルスルホンナノファイバー基材に対して、2つの異なる溶液をキャストすることによって作成した。両方の溶液は、基材に使用したポリエーテルスルホンの良溶媒でもある溶媒を含んだ。添加物(ポリビニルピロリドン)の5重量%の総溶液を伴うDMFに溶解した16.5重量%のポリスルホンの総溶液の溶液を使用して、実施例6を作成した。DMFは、基材のPESポリマーに用いる溶媒である。図4は、膜表面(上部)、基材底表面(底部)、及び断面のSEM画像を示し、膜の高品質及びナノファイバー基材への多孔質フィルムの少量の浸透を示す。N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)に溶解した20重量%のポリフッ化ビニリデンの総溶液の溶液を、実施例7に用いた。また、NMPは、PESポリマーに用いる溶媒である。両方の実施例は、基材が依然としてキャストの後に多孔性であることを示す水透過性のレベルを有する(表4)。
以下の実施例(実施例8)を前述のプロセスを用いて、82.5重量%のジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)に溶解した、16.5重量%のポリスルホン、及び1重量%のLiBrの溶液をキャストすることによって作成した。ナイフギャップは、25μmであり、キャストライン速度は、30フィート/分であった。得られた試料は、144μmの総厚さを有した。実施例8の性能を、比較例3、商用のポリスルホン限外濾過膜(Nadir US100H,Microdyn−Nadir,Wiesbaden,Germany)と比較した(表5)。実施例8の膜の清水フラックスは、比較例3のものより優れている。分離性能を、前述の方法を用いて、様々な分子量のデンプンの溶液を濾過することによって決定した。1050cm−1の赤外吸収帯の強度は、供給物と比較して実施例8の濾液において11%減少し、デンプン分子の分離の特定のレベルを示した。比較例3の濾液は、強度のいかなる減少も示さず、この膜が、供給物のデンプン分子のいずれも分離しなかったことを示した。比較試料と比べてよりしっかりした分離特徴を依然として有しながら、実施例8は、著しくより高い水フラックスを有する。
Claims (22)
- ナノファイバー基材布地の表面の少なくとも一部に隣接して且つ接触して位置する面を有するキャストされた多孔質ポリマーフィルムを含む多孔質膜であって、基材は厚さを有し、及び前記膜は、直接前記基材布地に対して前記フィルムをキャストする工程を含むプロセスによって調製される、多孔質膜。
- 前記フィルムは、基材層の厚さまで少なくとも部分的に前記基材布地に浸透する、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記フィルムは、少なくとも1ミクロンの深さまで前記基材布地に浸透する、請求項2に記載の膜。
- 前記フィルムは、前記基材層の前記厚さの少なくとも10%の深さまで少なくとも1つの点において前記基材布地に浸透する、請求項2に記載の膜。
- 前記フィルムは、前記基材層のナノファイバーの少なくとも2つの層の深さまで少なくとも1つの点において前記基材布地に浸透する、請求項2に記載の膜。
- 前記ポリマー多孔質フィルムは、200ミクロン以下の総厚さを有し、前記総厚さは、基材層に浸透する前記フィルムのいかなる部分も含まない、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記フィルムの孔径は、前記ナノファイバー基材の孔径より小さい、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記ナノファイバー基材布地は、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、ポリイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアミド、ポリアラミド、又は前述のものの任意の組合せを更に含むポリマーから紡糸されるナノファイバーを含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記ナノファイバー基材布地は、電界紡糸、エレクトロブローイング、溶融紡糸、及び溶融フィブリル化からなる群から選択されるプロセスによって製造される繊維を含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記ナノファイバー基材布地は不織布である、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記フィルムは、ポリアミド、ポリエーテル、ポリエーテル−尿素、ポリエステル、ポリイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル、又は前述のもののいずれかのコポリマー若しくは混合物の少なくとも1つを含む溶液からキャストされる、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 25μm〜500μm、100μm〜300μm、又は25μm〜100μmの平均厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 0.1ミクロン〜10ミクロン、5nm〜100nm、0.1〜1ミクロン、又は1ミクロン〜10ミクロンの範囲における平均孔径を有する、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記ナノファイバー基材は、溶媒のセットに溶解するポリマーであり、及び前記多孔質フィルムは、同一のセットからの少なくとも1つの溶媒を含むキャスト溶液からキャストされる、請求項1に記載の膜。
- 前記ナノファイバー基材は、ポリエーテルスルホンを含み、及び前記キャストされたフィルムは、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン、又はポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む、請求項14に記載の膜。
- 請求項1に記載の膜を作製する方法であって、前記ナノファイバー基材は、溶媒のセットに溶解するポリマーであり、及び前記多孔質フィルムは、同一のセットからの少なくとも1つの溶媒を含むキャスト溶液からキャストされる、方法。
- 前記ナノファイバー基材は、ポリエーテルスルホン又はポリフッ化ビニリデンであり、及び前記多孔質フィルムは、アミド溶媒又はピロリドン溶媒を含むキャスト溶液からキャストされる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記アミド溶媒は、ジメチルアセトアミド又はジメチルホルムアミド又はN−メチル−2−ピロリドンである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記キャストされたポリマーフィルムに隣接して位置する面を有する界面重合されたフィルム層を更に含む、請求項1に記載の膜。
- ナノファイバー基材布地の表面の少なくとも一部に隣接して位置するキャストされたポリマーフィルムを含む多孔質膜にわたる液体のフラックスを生じさせる工程を含む、分離方法であって、基材は厚さを有し、及び前記膜は、直接前記基材布地に対して前記フィルムをキャストする工程を含むプロセスによって調製される、方法。
- 流体フラックスは、油圧により前記膜にわたる流体圧力差を生じることによって前記膜にわたり生じられる、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 流体フラックスは、浸透圧効果により前記膜にわたる流体圧力差を生じることによって前記膜にわたり生じられる、請求項20に記載の方法。
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KR20130030954A (ko) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-03-28 | 제일모직주식회사 | 박막 복합 분리막 및 그 제조방법 |
US20130168312A1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | Nai-Jung Chen | Filteration material for desalination |
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JP2020125556A (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-20 | 日本バイリーン株式会社 | 不織布、および、該不織布を支持体として備える複合膜 |
JP7296741B2 (ja) | 2019-02-05 | 2023-06-23 | 日本バイリーン株式会社 | 不織布、および、該不織布を支持体として備える複合膜 |
JP7377720B2 (ja) | 2020-01-07 | 2023-11-10 | 日本バイリーン株式会社 | 複合膜およびその製造方法 |
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WO2016007345A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
CN106604773A (zh) | 2017-04-26 |
US20160001235A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
EP3166713A1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
KR20170028351A (ko) | 2017-03-13 |
JP2020185569A (ja) | 2020-11-19 |
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