JP2017507811A - 有機エアロゲルを有する真空断熱ボード - Google Patents
有機エアロゲルを有する真空断熱ボード Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017507811A JP2017507811A JP2016551322A JP2016551322A JP2017507811A JP 2017507811 A JP2017507811 A JP 2017507811A JP 2016551322 A JP2016551322 A JP 2016551322A JP 2016551322 A JP2016551322 A JP 2016551322A JP 2017507811 A JP2017507811 A JP 2017507811A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- range
- insulation board
- vacuum insulation
- organic
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- TYVWBCMQECJNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butan-2-yl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC([NH3+])(C)C(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C TYVWBCMQECJNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- YRHAJIIKYFCUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C YRHAJIIKYFCUTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical group Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- TUCIXUDAQRPDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O.OC1=CC=CC=C1O TUCIXUDAQRPDCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIFJOXOHICDFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1.OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 UIFJOXOHICDFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
− 内部圧力が大気圧より低い、密閉されている外被材と、
− 外被材の内部に配置されている、有機エアロゲルから成るコア材。
有機エアロゲルは、少なくとも部分的に、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFから誘導される樹脂をベースにしており、
有機エアロゲルは、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを含んでいるモノリシック有機ポリマーゲルであるか、または、
少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pの熱分解生成物を含んでいる、多孔質炭素モノリスの形態の、モノリシック有機ポリマーゲルの熱分解生成物であり、
有機エアロゲルは、大気圧において10〜40mW・m−1・K−1の範囲の熱伝導率を有している。
− 400〜1200m2/gの範囲の比表面積、および/または
− 0.1〜3cm3/gの範囲の細孔容積、および/または
− 3〜30nmの範囲の平均細孔径、および/または
− 0.01〜0.4の範囲の密度。
− ポリエチレン/ポリアクリル酸系ポリマー/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、または
− ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、または
− ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレン。
− コア材として有機エアロゲルを調製するステップであって、
・ 少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解しており、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中で、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとを重合させるサブステップa)と、
・ サブステップa)において得られた溶液をゲル化させるサブステップb)と、
・ モノリシック有機ポリマーゲルを得るために、サブステップb)において得られたゲルを乾燥させるサブステップc)とを有するステップと、
− 有機エアロゲルを、外被材内に配置するステップと、
− 外被材の内部圧力を低下させて、外被材を密閉するステップ。
− 0.2〜2%の範囲の、全組成中の質量分率、および/または
− 2〜10%の範囲の、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFに対する重量比P/(R+F)、および/または
− 0.3〜2%の範囲の、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、ホルムアルデヒドFおよび水性溶媒Wに対する重量比P/(R+F+W)。
− サブステップa)は、室温において、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、好ましくは水である水性溶媒W中に溶解させ、次いで、得られた溶液に、ホルムアルデヒドF、および酸性触媒または塩基性触媒を加えることによって遂行され、
− サブステップb)は、炉中で、サブステップa)において得られた溶液を焼成することによって遂行される。
− 400〜1200m2/gの範囲の比表面積、および/または
− 0.1〜3cm3/gの範囲の細孔容積、および/または
− 3〜30nmの範囲の平均細孔径、および/または
− 0.01〜0.4の範囲の密度。
− 質量分率が非常に小さく、0.2〜2%の範囲、好ましくは0.3〜1%の範囲にある、および/または
− ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFに対する重量比P/(R+F)が、2〜10%の範囲、好ましくは3〜7%の範囲にある、および/または
− ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、ホルムアルデヒドFおよび水性溶媒Wに対する重量比P/(R+F+W)が、0.3〜2%の範囲、好ましくは0.4〜1.5%の範囲にある。
− ポリエチレン/ポリアクリル酸系ポリマー/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、または
− ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、または
− ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレン。
A) コア材5として有機エアロゲルを調製する調製ステップ
− ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとから誘導される樹脂をベースとする溶液を得るために、少なくとも1種類の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解しており、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中で、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとを重合させるサブステップa)と、
− 樹脂のゲルを得るために、サブステップa)において得られた溶液をゲル化させるサブステップb)と、
− モノリシック有機ポリマーゲルを得るために、サブステップb)において得られたゲルを乾燥させるサブステップc)。
― ステップa)は、室温において、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび少なくとも1種類の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを水性溶媒W(好ましくは水である)中に溶解させ、次いで、得られた溶液に、ホルムアルデヒドFおよび酸性触媒または塩基性触媒を加えることによって遂行され、その後、
− サブステップb)は、炉中で、得られた溶液を焼成することによって遂行される。
本発明による有機エアロゲルの調製例
− レゾルシノール(R)、純度98%(アクロスオーガニクス製)、
− ホルムアルデヒド(F)、純度37%(アクロスオーガニクス製)、
− 触媒(C)としての塩酸(モノリシック有機ゲルG1〜G4の調製の場合)および炭酸ナトリウム(モノリシック有機ゲルG5の調製の場合)、および
− 陽イオン高分子電解質(P)としてのポリ(ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド)、純度35%(水(W)溶液の形態の)(モノリシック有機ゲルG1〜G5の調製の場合)。
− モノリシック有機ゲルG0’、G2、G4およびG5を得る場合には、温度85℃、含水率90%の湿度室内で17時間の乾燥、また
− モノリシック有機ゲルG0、G1およびG3を得る場合には、溶媒交換(トリフルオロ酢酸槽中に3日間、その後、無水エタノール槽中に4日間)の後に、超臨界二酸化炭素を用いた乾燥。
− R/Fは、ホルムアルデヒドに対するレゾルシノールのモル比であり、
− R/Wは、水に対するレゾルシノールのモル比であり、
− Pは、陽イオン高分子電解質の質量分率であり、
− P/(R+F)は、レゾルシノール−ホルムアルデヒド前駆体に対する陽イオン高分子電解質の重量比であり、
− P/(R+F+W)は、レゾルシノール−ホルムアルデヒド前駆体および水に対する陽イオン高分子電解質の重量比であり、
− CO2scは、本発明において採用されている炉乾燥と対照的に、超臨界二酸化炭素を用いる乾燥を意味している。
B) 真空断熱ボード1の形成ステップ
3 外被材
5 コア材
Claims (21)
- − 内部圧力が大気圧より低い、密閉されている外被材(3)と、
− 前記外被材(3)の内部に配置されている、有機エアロゲルから成るコア材(5)とを
備えている真空断熱ボード(1)であって、
前記有機エアロゲルは、少なくとも部分的に、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFから誘導される樹脂をベースにしており、
前記有機エアロゲルは、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを含んでいるモノリシック有機ポリマーゲルであるか、または、
少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pの熱分解生成物を含んでいる、多孔質炭素モノリスの形態の、モノリシック有機ポリマーゲルの熱分解生成物であり、
前記有機エアロゲルは、大気圧において10〜40mW・m−1・K−1の範囲の熱伝導率を有していることを特徴とする真空断熱ボード(1)。 - 前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pは、第4級アンモニウム塩、ポリ(ビニルピリジニウムクロリド)、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルピリジン、ポリ(塩酸アリルアミン)、ポリ(トリメチルアンモニオエチルメタクリレートクロリド)、アクリルアミドジメチルアンモニウムクロリド共重合体、およびそれらの混合物から成るグループから選択される有機ポリマーであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pは、ポリ(ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムハライド)から選択される、第4級アンモニウムから誘導されるユニットを含んでいる塩であり、好ましくはポリ(ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド)またはポリ(ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムブロミド)であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記有機エアロゲルは、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解しており、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中での、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRと前記ホルムアルデヒトFとの重合反応の生成物を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記重合反応の生成物は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、0.2〜2%の範囲の質量分率で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記重合反応の生成物は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、2〜10%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび前記ホルムアルデヒドFに対する重量比P/(R+F)で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記重合反応の生成物は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、0.3〜2%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、前記ホルムアルデヒドFおよび前記水性溶媒Wに対する重量比P/(R+F+W)で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項4〜6のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記有機エアロゲルは、
− 400〜1200m2/gの範囲の比表面積、および/または
− 0.1〜3cm3/gの範囲の細孔容積、および/または
− 3〜30nmの範囲の平均細孔径、および/または
− 0.01〜0.4の範囲の密度を有していることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。 - 前記外被材(3)の内部圧力は、0.1〜500hPaの範囲にあることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記外被材(3)は、20〜500μmの範囲の厚さのフィルムからなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記外被材(3)は、アルミニウムから成る少なくとも1つの層を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記外被材(3)は、ポリマーから成る少なくとも1つの層を備えていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- ポリマーから成る前記少なくとも1つの層の各々は、高密度ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、シリコーン、ポリウレタン、エチレンビニルアルコール共重合体、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミドのうちのいずれか1つのポリマーから成ることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記外被材(3)は、その内側面に、ポリマー物質から成る少なくとも1つの層を有する多層のフィルムからなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜13のいずれか1つに記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。
- 前記外被材(3)を形成している多層のフィルムは、
− ポリエチレン/ポリアクリル酸系ポリマー/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、または
− ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、または
− ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレン/アルミニウム/ポリエチレンで
構成される多層を有していることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の真空断熱ボード(1)。 - 真空断熱ボード(1)の製造プロセスであって、
− コア材(5)として有機エアロゲルを調製するステップであり、
・ 少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解しており、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中で、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとを重合させるサブステップa)と、
・ 前記サブステップa)において得られた溶液をゲル化させるサブステップb)と、
・ モノリシック有機ポリマーゲルを得るために、前記サブステップb)において得られたゲルを乾燥させるサブステップc)とを有するステップと、
− 前記有機エアロゲルを、外被材(3)内に配置するステップと、
− 前記外被材(3)の内部圧力を低下させて、前記外被材(3)を密閉するステップとを含むことを特徴とする製造プロセス。 - 有機エアロゲルを調製する前記ステップは、多孔質炭素を得るために、前記サブステップc)において得られた、乾燥したゲルを熱分解させるサブステップを、さらに有していることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の製造プロセス。
- 前記サブステップa)は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、
− 0.2〜2%の範囲の、全組成中の質量分率で、および/または
− 2〜10%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび前記ホルムアルデヒドFに対する重量比P/(R+F)で、および/または
− 0.3〜2%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、前記ホルムアルデヒドFおよび前記水性溶媒Wに対する重量比P/(R+F+W)で
用いて行われることを特徴とする、請求項16または17に記載の製造プロセス。 - − 前記サブステップa)は、室温において、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、好ましくは水である前記水性溶媒W中に溶解させ、次いで、得られた溶液に、前記ホルムアルデヒドF、および酸性触媒または塩基性触媒である前記触媒を加えることによって遂行され、
− 前記サブステップb)は、炉中で、前記サブステップa)において得られた溶液を焼成することによって遂行されることを
特徴とする、請求項16〜18のいずれか1つに記載の製造プロセス。 - 前記サブステップc)は、
− 400〜1200m2/gの範囲の比表面積、および/または
− 0.1〜3cm3/gの範囲の細孔容積、および/または
− 3〜30nmの範囲の平均細孔径、および/または
− 0.01〜0.4の範囲の密度を
有する前記モノリシック有機ポリマーゲルを得るために、例えば炉中、空気雰囲気での乾燥によって遂行されることを特徴とする、請求項16〜19のいずれか1つに記載の製造プロセス。 - 外被材(3)を密閉する前記ステップは、ヒートシール法によって遂行されることを特徴とする、請求項16〜20のいずれか1つに記載の製造プロセス。
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