JP6446466B2 - 可撓性複合エアロゲル、およびそれを製造する方法 - Google Patents
可撓性複合エアロゲル、およびそれを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6446466B2 JP6446466B2 JP2016551323A JP2016551323A JP6446466B2 JP 6446466 B2 JP6446466 B2 JP 6446466B2 JP 2016551323 A JP2016551323 A JP 2016551323A JP 2016551323 A JP2016551323 A JP 2016551323A JP 6446466 B2 JP6446466 B2 JP 6446466B2
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Description
− 繊維質補強材と、
− 繊維質補強材の内部に配置されている有機エアロゲル。
有機エアロゲルは、少なくとも部分的に、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFから誘導される樹脂をベースにしており、
かつ有機エアロゲルは、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを含んでいる有機ポリマーゲルであるか、または、
少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pの熱分解の生成物を含んでいる、多孔質炭素モノリスの形態の、有機ポリマーゲルの熱分解生成物であり、
さらに有機エアロゲルは、大気圧において10〜40mW・m−1・K−1の範囲の熱伝導率を有している
i :400〜1200m2/gの範囲の比表面積、および/または
ii :0.1〜3cm3/gの範囲の細孔容積、および/または
iii:3〜30nmの範囲の平均細孔径、および/または
iv :0.01〜0.4の範囲の密度
− メタアラミド繊維、
− 酸化ポリアクリロニトリル繊維、
− ポリアミドイミド繊維、
− フェノール繊維、
− ポリベンゾイミダゾール繊維、
− ポリスルホンアミド繊維。
− ガラス繊維、
− 玄武岩繊維、
− セラミック繊維、
− シリカ繊維、
− 炭化ケイ素繊維。
− 繊維質補強材の内部において、少なくとも1種類の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解しており、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中で、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとを重合させるステップa)と、
− 繊維質補強材の内部において、ゲルを得るために、ステップa)において得られた溶液をゲル化させるステップb)と、
− ステップb)において得られたゲルが含浸されている繊維質補強材を乾燥させるステップc)。
− 0.2〜2%の範囲の、全組成中の質量分率、および/または
− 2〜10%の範囲の、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFに対する質量比P/(R+F)、および/または
− 0.3〜2%の範囲の、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、ホルムアルデヒドFおよび水性溶媒Wに対する質量比P/(R+F+W)。
− ステップa)は、室温において、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、好ましくは水である水性溶媒W中に溶解させ、次いで、得られた溶液を繊維質補強材につぎ込む前に、得られた溶液に、ホルムアルデヒドF、および酸性触媒または塩基性触媒を加えることによって遂行され、
− ステップb)は、炉中で、ゲルが含浸されている繊維質補強材を焼成することによって遂行される。
− 400〜1200m2/gの範囲の比表面積、および/または
− 0.1〜3cm3/gの範囲の細孔容積、および/または
− 3〜30nmの範囲の平均細孔径、および/または
− 0.01〜0.4の範囲の密度。
i :質量分率が非常に小さく、0.2〜2%の範囲、好ましくは0.3〜1%の範囲にある、および/または
ii :ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよびホルムアルデヒドFに対する質量比P/(R+F)が、2〜10%の範囲、好ましくは3〜7%の範囲にある、および/または
iii:ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、ホルムアルデヒドFおよび水性溶媒Wに対する質量比P/(R+F+W)が、0.3〜2%の範囲、好ましくは0.4〜1.5%の範囲にある。
− メタアラミド繊維、
− 酸化ポリアクリロニトリル繊維、
− ポリアミドイミド繊維、
− フェノール繊維、
− ポリベンゾイミダゾール繊維、
− ポリスルホンアミド繊維。
− ガラス繊維、
− 玄武岩繊維、
− セラミック繊維(例えばアルミナ、アルミノケイ酸塩、ボロシリコアルミン酸塩)、
− シリカ繊維、
− 炭化ケイ素繊維。
不織布の繊維質補強材5と3次元形状編み布の繊維質補強材5とで行なわれた試験
次の特性を有する、ガラス繊維から成るニードルパンチ不織布である。
イ.質量/m2(測定値):636.3g/m2、
ロ.厚さ:5mm、
ハ.密度:127.26kg/m3。
次の特性を有する。
イ.質量/m2(測定値):1059g/m2、
ロ.厚さ:5mm、
ハ.密度:211.84kg/m3。
− 繊維質補強材5の内部において、少なくとも1種類の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解しており、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中で、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとを重合させるステップa)と、
− ゲルを得るために、繊維質補強材5の内部で、ステップa)において得られた溶液をゲル化させるステップb)と、
− ステップb)において得られたゲルが含浸されている繊維質補強材5を乾燥させるステップc)。
− ステップa)は、室温において、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRおよび少なくとも1種類の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを水性溶媒W(好ましくは水である)中に溶解させ、次いで、得られた溶液を上述のような繊維質補強材につぎ込む前に、得られた溶液に、ホルムアルデヒドFおよび酸性触媒または塩基性触媒を加えることによって遂行され、その後、
− ステップb)は、炉中で、含浸された繊維質補強材を焼成することによって遂行される。
有機エアロゲル3の調製例
− レゾルシノール(R)、純度98%(アクロスオーガニクス製)、
− ホルムアルデヒド(F)、純度37%(アクロスオーガニクス製)、
− 触媒(C)としての塩酸(有機ゲルG1〜G4の調製の場合)および炭酸ナトリウム(有機ゲルG5の調製の場合)、および
− 陽イオン高分子電解質(P)としてのポリ(ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロリド)、純度35%(水(W)溶液の形態の)(有機ゲルG1〜G5の調製の場合)。
− 有機ゲルG0’、G2、G4およびG5を得る場合には、温度85℃、含水率90%の湿度室内で17時間の乾燥、また
− 有機ゲルG0、G1およびG3を得る場合には、溶媒交換(トリフルオロ酢酸槽中に3日間、その後、無水エタノール槽中に4日間)の後に、超臨界二酸化炭素を用いた乾燥。
イ.R/Fは、ホルムアルデヒドに対するレゾルシノールのモル比であり、
ロ.R/Wは、水に対するレゾルシノールのモル比であり、
ハ.Pは、陽イオン高分子電解質の質量分率であり、
ニ.P/(R+F)は、レゾルシノール−ホルムアルデヒド前駆体に対する陽イオン高分子電解質の質量比であり、
ホ.P/(R+F+W)は、レゾルシノール−ホルムアルデヒド前駆体および水に対する陽イオン高分子電解質の質量比であり、
ヘ.CO2scは、本発明において採用されている炉乾燥とは対照的に、超臨界二酸化炭素を用いる乾燥を意味している。
3 有機エアロゲル
5 繊維質補強材
Claims (16)
- 繊維質補強材(5)及び前記繊維質補強材(5)の内部に配置されている有機エアロゲル(3)を備えている可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)であって、
前記有機エアロゲル(3)は、少なくとも部分的に、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR及びホルムアルデヒドFから誘導される樹脂をベースにしており、
前記有機エアロゲル(3)は、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを含んでいる有機ポリマーゲルであるか、又は、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pの熱分解の生成物を含んでいる多孔質炭素モノリスの形態の有機ポリマーゲルの熱分解生成物であり、
前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pは、第4級アンモニウム塩、ポリ(ビニルピリジニウムクロリド)、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルピリジン、ポリ(塩酸アリルアミン)、ポリ(トリメチルアンモニオエチルメタクリレートクロリド)、アクリルアミドジメチルアンモニウムクロリド共重合体、およびそれらの混合物から成るグループから選択される有機ポリマーであって、
前記有機エアロゲル(3)は、大気圧において10〜40mW・m−1・K−1の範囲の熱伝導率を有していることを特徴とする可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。 - 前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pは、ポリ(ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムハライド)から選択される、第4級アンモニウムから誘導されるユニットを含んでいる塩であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記有機エアロゲル(3)は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解していて、かつ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中での、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRと前記ホルムアルデヒトFとの重合反応の生成物を含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記重合反応の生成物は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、0.2〜2%の範囲の質量分率で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記重合反応の生成物は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、2〜10%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR及び前記ホルムアルデヒドFに対する質量比P/(R+F)で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項3又は4に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記重合反応の生成物は、前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを、0.3〜2%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、前記ホルムアルデヒドF及び前記水性溶媒Wに対する質量比P/(R+F+W)で含んでいることを特徴とする、請求項3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記有機エアロゲル(3)は、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを含んでいる有機ポリマーゲルである場合には、前記繊維質補強材(5)は、5%以上の吸湿率を有しており、かつ前記有機エアロゲル(3)に対する化学親和性を有している有機繊維で形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記繊維質補強材(5)を形成している前記有機繊維は、
i :メタアラミド繊維、
ii :酸化ポリアクリロニトリル繊維、
iii:ポリアミドイミド繊維、
iv :フェノール繊維、
v :ポリベンゾイミダゾール繊維、
vi :ポリスルホンアミド繊維
から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。 - 前記有機エアロゲル(3)は、少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pの熱分解の生成物を含んでいる多孔質炭素モノリスの形態の熱分解生成物である場合には、前記繊維質補強材(5)は、前記熱分解の温度に耐える無機繊維で形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記繊維質補強材(5)を形成している前記無機繊維は、
i :ガラス繊維、
ii :玄武岩繊維、
iii:セラミック繊維、
iv :シリカ繊維、
v :炭化ケイ素繊維
から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。 - 前記繊維質補強材(5)は、不織布であることを特徴とする、請求項8〜10のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記繊維質補強材(5)は、織り繊維であることを特徴とする、請求項8〜10のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 前記繊維質補強材(5)は、3次元構造を有する繊維であることを特徴とする、請求項8〜12のいずれか1項に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)。
- 可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)を製造する方法であって;
(a)第4級アンモニウム塩、ポリ(ビニルピリジニウムクロリド)、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルピリジン、ポリ(塩酸アリルアミン)、ポリ(トリメチルアンモニオエチルメタクリレートクロリド)、アクリルアミドジメチルアンモニウムクロリド共重合体、及びそれらの混合物から成るグループから選択された少なくとも1種類の陽イオン高分子電解質Pが溶解していて、且つ触媒が存在している水性溶媒W中で、繊維質補強材(5)の内部において、ポリヒドロキシベンゼンRとホルムアルデヒドFとを重合させるステップ(a)であって、
前記ステップ(a)は;
i :前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを0.2〜2%の範囲の全組成中の質量分率で、及び/又は、
ii :2〜10%の範囲の前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR及び前記ホルムアルデヒドFに対する質量比P/(R+F)で、及び/又は
iii:0.3〜2%の範囲の、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR、前記ホルムアルデヒドF及び前記水性溶媒Wに対する質量比P/(R+F+W)で用いて行われ;
(b)前記ステップ(a)において得られた溶液を前記繊維質補強材(5)の内部においてゲル化させてゲルを得るステップ(b)、及び
(c)前記ステップ(b)で得たゲルが含浸されている前記繊維質補強材(5)を乾燥させるステップ(c)、を含むことを特徴とする、可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)を製造する方法。 - 前記ステップ(c)において得られた乾燥したゲルを熱分解して多孔質炭素を得るステップを、さらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)を製造する方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)は、室温において、前記ポリヒドロキシベンゼンR及び前記少なくとも1種類の水溶性の陽イオン高分子電解質Pを前記水性溶媒W中に溶解させ、次いで、得られた溶液を前記繊維質補強材(5)につぎ込む前に、該得られた溶液に、前記ホルムアルデヒドF、及び酸性触媒又は塩基性触媒である前記触媒を加えることによって実行され、
前記ステップ(b)は、炉中で、前記ゲルが含浸されている前記繊維質補強材(5)を焼成することによって実行されることを特徴とする、請求項14又は15に記載の可撓性複合有機エアロゲル(1)を製造する方法。
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US10336937B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2019-07-02 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Monolithic rare earth oxide aerogels |
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CN113683388A (zh) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 淮阴工学院 | 一种耐高温柔性凹凸棒石复合气凝胶的制备方法 |
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