JP2017205032A - Method for cultivating sphagnum moss and sphagnum moss cultivation area - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method and a cultivation area in which sphagnum moss plants are less likely to collapse during growing even when planted at a low density such that the sphagnum moss plants do not contact each other.SOLUTION: According to the present invention, there is provided a sphagnum moss cultivation method comprising the step of preparing a sphagnum moss cultivation area having a base, sphagnum moss planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum moss.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a sphagnum cultivation method and a sphagnum cultivation place.

  Sphagnum, such as giant sphagnum, is in demand as horticultural materials, and in the past, those collected from their own fabrics in Japan have been used. At present, however, the number of places where it can be collected is limited due to collection and land development, and the place where it can be collected in Japan is limited. In particular, Osphagnum is designated as a semi-endangered species by the Ministry of the Environment. Although imported sphagnum from overseas is in circulation, an increasing number of countries restrict the collection and export of sphagnum to protect the sphagnum marsh. The sphagnum marshland is a habitat for many rare animals and plants as a precious wetland. For this reason, it may be required to move the sphagnum marsh lost in land development to another place or to regenerate a new sphagnum marsh.

  Sphagnum has a unique form among mosses (see FIG. 1). Branches that hang down or spread laterally protrude from the stem part of the sphagnum moss. There are many fine leaves in the stem and branches. A part of the branch part in the middle of the stem part extends (branches) to become a new stem part. At the tip of the sphagnum stalk, there is a portion in which a large number of branches are concentrated and spread radially. Sphagnum grows and grows not only at the tip of the stem but also between the nodes.

  Generally, as a device for supporting a plant during cultivation of a plant, for example, a support post used for ornamental plants such as chrysanthemum or phalaenopsis orchid is used (Patent Documents 1 and 2). .

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-11132 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-276590

  In sphagnum cultivation, when planted at a high density such that sphagnum branches touch each other from the beginning, sphagnum is in a state of leaning against each other, so that the stem part can be extended without falling down, The living sphagnum layer (the part exposed from the sphagnum base, the ground part) can be thickened. However, in a high density state, it is difficult for light to reach the lower part of the sphagnum plant body, and there are few branches from the stem part. Therefore, the stem density does not increase so much and the growth rate of the sphagnum group as a whole is not high.

  On the other hand, when sphagnum moss is planted at a low density such that the ground parts of sphagnum are not in contact with each other, light can easily hit the entire plant body, and photosynthesis can be performed more efficiently. In this case, branching occurs from the middle of the sphagnum stem part, and the stem part is newly extended, and an increase in stem density is expected. Therefore, the growth rate of the sphagnum group as a whole may increase. However, since the branches that spread radially at the tip of the stem are heavy, the thin stem cannot support the part with many branches at the tip, and the stem falls to the base surface and can extend upward. Can not. Even when the stalk is collapsed, it is possible to continue to grow by branching upward from the laterally stalking part, but it is possible to continue growing, but there is little extension in the height direction, and the sphagnum layer A sufficient thickness cannot be obtained. Moreover, in the state where the stalk portion runs sideways, sphagnum plant bodies overlap each other, and the above-ground portion may become overhumid depending on changes in water supply conditions due to climatic conditions such as heavy rain.

  In an overhumid state, algae and fungi may propagate on the surface of Sphagnum and hinder photosynthesis. Further, in an overhumid state, freezing is likely to occur in winter, so that sphagnum moss does not grow well and may decline and die. In particular, when the sphagnum is in a low height state, the resistance to fluctuations in moisture conditions is weak, and it is susceptible to growth when it becomes overhumid. Therefore, it is desirable to grow to a sufficient height as soon as possible from spring to autumn when sphagnum grows.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method and a cultivation place where sphagnum moss does not easily fall during growth even when planted at a low density such that sphagnum does not touch each other.

  The sphagnum cultivation method of the present invention includes a step of making a sphagnum cultivated land having a base, sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum.

  According to the above cultivation method, even when sphagnum moss is planted at a low density so as not to contact each other, sphagnum can be prevented from falling down by its own weight.

In the above cultivation method, the sphagnum is preferably planted away from each other, and the sphagnum is preferably planted at a density of 1 to 10 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} base. In the sphagnum cultivation method, sphagnum can be supported by the support, and therefore, even if the sphagnum is planted away from each other, it is difficult to fall down.

  The support is preferably rod-shaped. When the support is rod-shaped, it is easy to handle and it is difficult to block sunlight and ventilation.

The sphagnum cultivated land preferably has a support with a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ² of base.

  The support is preferably detachable from the base. After the sphagnum grows to some extent, the sphagnum layer on the base becomes sufficiently thick, and after the branching occurs and the stalk density of the sphagnum increases, the sphagnum can support each other without a support. Therefore, a support body becomes unnecessary. Therefore, it is preferable that the support is detachable from the base because unnecessary support can be collected and used again in another sphagnum cultivated land.

  In the above cultivation method, it is preferable that the sphagnum and the support are not fixed to each other. Since the sphagnum and the support are not fixed, the inhibition of elongation between the nodes of the sphagnum can be prevented, and the sphagnum can be further elongated.

  In the said cultivation method, it is preferable that the height of a support body is higher than the height of the sphagnum mushroom which this support body supports. Accordingly, the sphagnum can be reliably supported, and the sphagnum can be supported over a long period of time in response to the extension of the sphagnum.

  The present invention also provides a sphagnum production method using the sphagnum cultivation method described above. By the sphagnum production method of the present invention, more elongated sphagnum can be efficiently produced.

  The present invention also provides a sphagnum cultivated land having a base, sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum. By using the sphagnum cultivated land of the present invention, the sphagnum can be prevented from falling by its own weight even when planted at a low density such that the sphagnum does not contact each other.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area, the sphagnum is preferably planted away from each other.

In the sphagnum cultivated land, the sphagnum is preferably planted at a density of 1 to 10 per 100 cm ² of the base.

  In the sphagnum cultivated land, the support is preferably rod-shaped.

In the sphagnum cultivated land, the support is preferably provided at a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ² of the base.

  In the sphagnum cultivated land, the support is preferably removable from the base.

  In the sphagnum cultivated land, it is preferable that the sphagnum and the support are not fixed to each other.

  In the sphagnum cultivated land, the height of the support is preferably higher than the height of the sphagnum supported by the support.

  Even when planted at a low density such that the sphagnum is not in contact with each other by the sphagnum cultivation method of the present invention, it is difficult for the sphagnum to fall during growth. Moreover, by using the sphagnum cultivated land of the present invention, even when sphagnum is planted at a low density such that the sphagnum is not in contact with each other, the sphagnum moss is unlikely to fall.

It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the sphagnum cultivated land of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of a support body coupling body. It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the sphagnum cultivated land of this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the sphagnum cultivated land of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the form for implementing a sphagnum cultivation place and a sphagnum cultivation method is demonstrated in detail, referring drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. For convenience, the same reference numerals are given to substantially the same elements, and the description thereof may be omitted.

  As used herein, Sphagnum refers to those belonging to the genus Sphagnaceae Sphagnum. The sphagnum is not limited as long as it belongs to the genus Sphagnum. For example, Sphagnum palustre L., S. papillosumLindb., S. magellanicum Brid., S. aongstroemii C Hartm), S. compactumDC., S. microporum Warnst. Ex Card, S. calymmatophyllum Warnest. & Card., S. subsecundum Nees ex Sturm, S. subsecundum Nees ex Sturm S. girgensohniiRussow), S. fuscum (Schimp.) H. Klinggr., S. fimbriatum Wilson ex Wilson & Hook. F., S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. S. junghuhnianumDozy & Molk. Subsp. Pseudomolle (Warnest.) H. Suzuki, Sphagnum (S. tenellum Hoffm.), Sphagnum (S. cuspidatumHoffm.) Beauv.), S. squarrosum Crome and the like. It is preferable to use water moss.

  The sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment includes a step of making the sphagnum cultivation place 100. A sphagnum cultivated land 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a base 10, sphagnum 20 planted on the base 10, and a support 30 that extends upward from the base 10 for supporting the sphagnum 20. The method of making the sphagnum cultivated land 100 includes a step of preparing the base 10, a step of planting the sphagnum 20 on the base 10, and a step of installing the support 30 so as to extend upward from the base 10. Good. The order in which the above steps are executed can be changed as appropriate. Moreover, the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment may include a step of removing the support 30 from the base 10 after the sphagnum 20 in the sphagnum cultivation place 100 is elongated. Moreover, the sphagnum production method of this embodiment produces sphagnum using the said cultivation method.

  The base 10 is for planting sphagnum 20. As a base material which comprises the base | substrate 10, the well-known material suitable for cultivation of sphagnum can be used, For example, dry sphagnum, sand, etc. are mentioned.

  The sphagnum 20 is planted so that at least a part of the lower part of each plant body is buried in the base 10 and the upper part of the plant body including the tip of the stem extends upward from the surface of the base 10. The sphagnum 20 to be planted may be, for example, one collected from sphagnum's own dough, may be a commercially available raw sphagnum, or may be cultivated separately in advance.

The sphagnum 20 is preferably planted so as not to contact each other. Moreover, it is preferable that the sphagnum 20 is arrange | positioned equally in the base | substrate 10. FIG. The sphagnum 20 may be planted in the base 10 at a density of 1 to 10 per 100 cm ² , for example. The number of sphagnum is counted as the number of stems on the surface of the base 10. For example, when one stalk extending from the surface of the base 10 branches above the surface of the base 10, the stem is counted as one sphagnum, and the stalk branches in the base 10. When it has two stem parts on the surface of 10, it counts as two sphagnum. In the sphagnum 20 planted on the base 10, for example, on the surface of the base 10, the stem part of the sphagnum 20 and the stem part of the adjacent sphagnum 20 are preferably separated by 3 cm or more. Is more preferable. In the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment, the sphagnum 20 can be supported by the support 30, and therefore it is not necessary to plant the sphagnum 20 at a high density. The low planting density of sphagnum 20 can reduce the number of sphagnum plantations required per unit area for the regeneration of sphagnum marshland, for example, and plant it over a larger area using less sphagnum material. can do. Moreover, since the planting density of Sphagnum 20 is low, the whole plant of Sphagnum 20 is likely to be exposed to light, which is preferable. The sphagnum 20 may be partially in contact with each other.

  The base 10 is provided with a support 30 that extends above the base 10. The support 30 can support the nearby sphagnum 20. Here, “the support body 30 supports the sphagnum 20” means that the support body 30 partially bears a reaction force against the force that the sphagnum 20 tends to fall by its own weight. The support 30 can lean on the sphagnum 20 during growth, and supports the sphagnum 20 to prevent the sphagnum from falling down. That is, even when the sphagnum 20 cannot stand by itself, the sphagnum 20 can stand up without falling down on the surface of the base 10 by leaning against the support 30.

  The rod-shaped support body 30 in the sphagnum cultivated land 100 shown in FIG. 1 is provided so that a part thereof is inserted into the base 10 and a length sufficient to support the sphagnum 20 extends from the surface of the base 10. The rod-shaped support 30 can be supported by catching radially extending branches at the tip of the stem of the sphagnum 20.

  The support 30 only needs to support the sphagnum 20 when the sphagnum 20 can no longer support its own weight as the stem portion of the sphagnum 20 grows in the process of cultivating the sphagnum 20. Does not have to be directly supported.

  Since sphagnum 20 branches during cultivation and the number of stems gradually increases, the stem density of sphagnum 20 gradually increases from the beginning of cultivation. Therefore, for a sphagnum 20 plant body, even when there is no adjacent support body 30 or another adjacent sphagnum 20 at the time when the cultivation site is prepared, the plant body and the surrounding plant body are supported along with the growth of growth. It can be expected to come into contact with and support the body 30 or another sphagnum 20. When the sphagnum 20 is supported by the support 30, the sphagnum 20 may be supported directly by the support 30, or indirectly supported by another sphagnum 20 plant supported by the support 30. May be.

  The shape of the support 30 may be, for example, a plate shape or a net shape. It is desirable that the support 30 is rod-shaped from the viewpoint of improving the sunlight and ventilation without hindering the longitudinal extension of the stem portion of the sphagnum 20. When the support body 30 is rod-shaped, the cross-sectional shape thereof may be any of a circle and a rectangle, and the diameter or width may be 1 mm to 10 mm, for example, and preferably 1 mm to 5 mm. The support 30 is preferably provided substantially perpendicular to the surface of the base 10.

Support 30, for example, may be provided at a density of 100 cm ² 1 to 16 present per base 10, 4-16 present per 100 cm ^2, or may be provided at a density of 100 cm ² per 4-9 present . Moreover, it is preferable that the support body 30 is arrange | positioned equally in the base | substrate 10. FIG. The support 30 only needs to be supported by at least a part of the planted sphagnum 20, for example, so that at least one-half or more of all planted sphagnum 20 is directly supported by the support 30. The body 30 and the sphagnum 20 may be disposed. The support body 30 may be provided with one support body 30 per sphagnum plant body so that all sphagnum plants to be planted are supported by the support body 30. The support 30 and the sphagnum 20 may be arranged so that one support 30 supports a plurality of sphagnum 20 plants.

  In the sphagnum cultivated land 100, the height of the support 30 from the surface of the base 10 is higher than the height of the sphagnum 20 (height from the surface of the base 10; hereinafter the same) as illustrated in FIG. Is preferred. Although the height from the surface of the base | substrate 10 of the support body 30 can be suitably changed according to the kind of sphagnum and the extent of expansion | extension, it may be 5-30 cm, for example, and may be 10-20 cm. When the height of the sphagnum 20 exceeds the height of the support 30 from the surface of the base 10 during growth, the support 30 inserted in the base 10 is appropriately lifted upward so that the sphagnum 20 continues to be supported. 30 may be supported.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the material of the support body 30, For example, a metal, a plastics, wood, a bamboo material etc. are used. The material of the support 30 is preferably a biodegradable material such as wood or bamboo. By using these materials, for example, when the support 30 is left in the sphagnum cultivated land 100 for a long time and the sphagnum group is not recovered after being sufficiently stretched, the support 30 is biodegraded, which is preferable.

  The support body 30 should just be fixed to the base | substrate 10 with the intensity | strength which can support the force which the sphagnum 20 approaches from a side. For example, the support 30 in the sphagnum cultivated land 100 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into the base 10, penetrates the base 10, reaches the base 40, and a part thereof is inserted into the base 40. Since the support body 30 is inserted in the base part 40, the support body 30 can be further stabilized and the sphagnum 20 can be supported more stably. For example, when the support 30 has legs that can stand independently, the support 30 may be placed on the base 10 without being inserted into the base 10. It is preferable that a part of the support 30 is inserted into the base 10 in order to securely fix the support 30 with the base 10 and to prevent the growth of sphagnum 20 as much as possible.

  The support 30 is preferably detachable from the base 10. After the sphagnum group grows to a certain extent, the sphagnum layer on the base becomes thick enough, and after the branching occurs and the stalk density of the sphagnum moss is increased, the sphagnum moss can support each other without a support. Since it becomes possible, a support body becomes unnecessary. Therefore, it is preferable that the support can be collected and used again in another sphagnum cultivated land.

  In the sphagnum cultivation method of the present invention, the sphagnum 20 can be supported by the support 30 and the sphagnum 20 can be prevented from falling down, so there is no need to fix the support 30 and the sphagnum 20. Note that “fixing the support 30 and the sphagnum 20” means that the support 30 and the sphagnum 20 are substantially connected to each other by, for example, using a separate fixing member. It means to prevent the fixed part from moving. The support 30 and the sphagnum 20 may be fixed to each other by a wire, a tape, or the like. Since the sphagnum 20 grows not only at the tip of the stem but also between the nodes of the stem, the support 30 is not fixed to the sphagnum 20 so as not to inhibit the growth of the stem below the place to be fixed. Is preferred.

  The support 30 may be provided later at an arbitrary position of the base 10 on which the sphagnum 20 is planted in advance, or the support 30 is previously attached to the base 10 before the sphagnum 20 is planted on the base 10. It may be provided.

  In the sphagnum cultivated land 100 shown in FIG. 1, the base 10 is provided on the base 40. The base 40 may be made of, for example, earth, sand, or polystyrene foam. The sphagnum cultivated land 100 may be directly provided on soil such as a wetland, or may be provided in a movable container such as a planter.

  The support bodies 30 may be independent from each other, and a plurality of support bodies 30 are connected to a part of each support body 30 (for example, the upper end or the lower end of the support body 30) to form a support body connection body. It may be. For example, you may employ | adopt the support body coupling body 32 as shown in FIG. The support body connection body 32 includes a plurality of support bodies 30 arranged two-dimensionally as viewed from above, a plurality of horizontal connection portions 33 that connect lower ends of the plurality of support bodies 30 vertically and horizontally in a grid pattern, have. In the support body connection body, the plurality of support bodies 30 may be connected so as to be aligned in a row in one dimension when viewed from above. The support body coupling body 32 is effective when it is difficult to insert and fix the support body to the base portion, for example, when the base portion is a hard material such as concrete or wood. Moreover, the support bodies 30 are connected to each other, whereby the support bodies 30 can be installed and removed more easily. The support coupling body 32 may be placed on the base 10. In the sphagnum cultivated land 110 shown in FIG. 3, the base 10 is formed on the connection part of the support body connection body 32 arranged on the base part 41.

  Moreover, you may use it in the state which reversed the top and bottom of the above-mentioned support body coupling body 32, and the upper ends of the support body 30 were connected. When the upper end of the support 30 is connected, it is preferable that the connecting portion is linear or latticed so as not to make a large shade on the sphagnum 20. By using the support body to which the upper ends are connected, it is easy to pull up the support body connection body 32 as needed when the sphagnum 20 extends, and it is possible to cope with further extension of the sphagnum 20. .

  The support may be a stem of a living plant. In the sphagnum cultivated land 120 shown in FIG. 4, the stem part of a living plant planted on the base 10 or the base part 40 functions as the support 31. It is preferable that the plant stem used as the support 31 is sufficiently thin and does not easily shade, and has some strength. Examples of plants that can preferably use the stem (flower stem) as the support 31 include, for example, rush family rush (Juncus effusus), quail (Juncus tenuis), droy (Juncus gracillimus), cyper Eleocharis wichurae), Sankakui (Scirpus triqueter), kangarei (Scirpus triangulatus) and the like. When using a stem part of a living plant as the support 31, for example, a base 10 is provided on the base part 40 on which the plant is planted so as to fill a gap between the stem parts of the plant. 10 may be planted with Sphagnum 20. In addition, plant roots and the like are planted on the base 40, the base 10 is placed on the plant before the plant stems extend, and sphagnum 20 is planted in advance on the base 10. By doing so, it may be made to function as the support 31 after the stem portion of the plant grows and grows to the surface of the base 10 in due course.

  In the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment, the sphagnum can be elongated and grown by appropriately providing water, nutrients, etc. to the sphagnum after completing the above sphagnum cultivation site. Moreover, you may change the position of a support body as needed during the cultivation of Sphagnum. When the sphagnum cultivated land is provided outdoors, it is possible to cultivate sphagnum moss without special care by appropriately supplying water by rain or the like.

  According to the sphagnum cultivation method according to this embodiment, even when the sphagnum stem part is elongated, it is possible to prevent the sphagnum plant body from being overhumid due to the fall of the stem part due to its own weight. In addition, the sphagnum stem portion that is supported and extended by the support has a larger internode elongation amount than the sphagnum stem portion that extends while supporting its own weight, resulting in a higher upward extension amount. Sphagnum moss with more extended internodes has a larger proportion of voids between stems and leaves, and is less likely to be overhumid. Therefore, by the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment, a thick layer of living sphagnum with a high void ratio can be made earlier. In this situation, sphagnum grows and grows, for example, even when the amount of water supply increases, the stem tip of the most actively growing sphagnum is less likely to be overhumid, and can continue to grow healthy. A sphagnum group that is more resistant to environmental changes. In addition, water management is easy because the sphagnum cultivated land can cope with changes in moisture conditions without controlling the water supply.

  Moreover, in the regeneration of the sphagnum marsh, the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment can make a sphagnum group having a sufficient thickness and resistant to environmental changes, particularly moisture environment changes, at an earlier stage. Since the regenerated sphagnum marshland becomes a habitat for further animals and plants, it is preferable from the viewpoint of biodiversity conservation.

  In addition, sphagnum moss as a horticultural material may be effective not only for dried products but also for live sphagnum. By the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment, more elongated sphagnum can be produced quickly and efficiently. Sphagnum obtained using the sphagnum cultivation method can be used for horticultural use.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Base, 20 ... Sphagnum, 30, 31 ... Support body, 32 ... Support body coupling body, 33 ... Horizontal connection part, 40, 41 ... Base part, 100, 110, 120 ... Sphagnum cultivation land.

Claims (17)

  A sphagnum cultivation method comprising a step of creating a sphagnum cultivated land having a base, a sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum.   The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the sphagnum is planted away from each other. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sphagnum is planted at a density of 1 to 10 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} base.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support is rod-shaped. The cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the sphagnum cultivated land has the support at a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} base.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the support is detachable from the base.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sphagnum and the support are not fixed to each other.   The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a height of the support is higher than a height of the sphagnum supported by the support.   A method for producing sphagnum using the cultivation method according to claim 1.   A sphagnum cultivated land having a base, sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum.   The sphagnum cultivated land according to claim 10, wherein the sphagnum is planted away from each other. The sphagnum cultivated land according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the sphagnum is planted at a density of 1 to 10 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} base.   The sphagnum cultivated land according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the support is rod-shaped. The sphagnum cultivated land according to claim 13, wherein the support is provided at a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} base.   The sphagnum cultivated land according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the support is detachable from the base.   The sphagnum cultivated land according to any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the sphagnum and the support are not fixed to each other.   The sphagnum cultivated land according to any one of claims 10 to 16, wherein a height of the support is higher than a height of the sphagnum supported by the support.

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