JP6660809B2 - Sphagnum cultivation method and sphagnum cultivation area - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a sphagnum cultivation method and a sphagnum cultivation area.

  Sphagnum moss and sphagnum moss are in demand as horticultural materials, and in the old days, sphagnum moss collected from its own material in Japan has been used. However, at present, the amount of native land decreases due to collection and land development, and the places where collection is possible are limited in Japan. In particular, Sphagnum moss is designated as a near-endangered species by the Ministry of the Environment. Imported sphagnum moss from overseas is in circulation, but an increasing number of countries are restricting sphagnum collecting and exporting to protect sphagnum moors. The sphagnum bog is a valuable wetland and a habitat for many rare flora and fauna. Therefore, relocation of the sphagnum moor lost in land development etc. to another place and regeneration of a new sphagnum moor may be required.

  Sphagnum has a unique form among mosses (see FIG. 1). Some branches of the sphagnum moss have branches that hang down or spread laterally. The stem and branches have many fine leaves. Some of the branches in the middle of the stem elongate (branch) into new stems. At the tip of the sphagnum moss stem, there is a portion in which a large number of branches are concentrated and spread radially. Sphagnum elongates and grows not only at the tip of the stem but also at internodes.

  In general, as a device for supporting a plant at the time of plant cultivation, for example, a support for an ornamental plant such as chrysanthemum or Phalaenopsis, which is fixed to a stem and used, is known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). .

Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-11132 JP-A-10-276590

  In sphagnum cultivation, if the sphagnum is planted at a high density such that the branches of the sphagnum are in contact with each other from the beginning, the sphagnum can be extended without falling down because the sphagnum is leaning against each other, The living sphagnum layer (the part exposed from the sphagnum base, the aerial part) can be thickened. However, in a high-density state, light does not easily reach below the sphagnum moss plant, and there is little branching from the stem, so that the stem density does not increase so much and the growth rate of the whole sphagnum group is not high.

  On the other hand, when sphagnum is planted at such a low density that the aerial parts of the sphagnum do not touch each other, light easily hits the whole plant, and photosynthesis can be performed more efficiently. In this case, branching occurs in the middle of the sphagnum moss stem, the stem is newly elongated, and an increase in stem density is expected. Therefore, the growth rate of the whole sphagnum moss group may be high. However, the branches that spread radially at the tip of the stalk are heavy, so the thin stalk cannot support the portion with many branches at the tip, and the stalk falls down on the surface of the base and may extend upward. Can not. Even when the stalks have fallen, the stalks are newly branched upward from the laterally running stalks, and the stalks can be extended and continue to grow, but the growth in the height direction is small, and the sphagnum layer Cannot obtain a sufficient thickness. In a state in which the stem portion runs sideways, the above-ground portion may be over-humidified depending on changes in water supply conditions due to climatic conditions such as heavy rain due to overlapping of sphagnum moss plants.

  In an overly humid state, algae and fungi may proliferate on the sphagnum moss surface and hinder photosynthesis. Further, in an overhumid state, freezing tends to occur in winter, and sphagnum moss may not grow healthy but may decline and die. In particular, when the height of sphagnum is short, the resistance to fluctuations in moisture conditions is weak, and when the sphagnum is over-humidified, it is easily affected by growth. Therefore, it is desirable that the sphagnum moss grow to a sufficient height as soon as possible from spring to autumn.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method and a cultivation place where sphagnum is hard to fall down during growth even when sphagnum is planted at a low density such that the sphagnum does not touch each other.

  The sphagnum cultivation method of the present invention includes a step of forming a sphagnum cultivation area having a base, a sphagnum planted on the base, and a support for supporting the sphagnum extending upward from the base.

  According to the above cultivation method, sphagnum moss can be prevented from falling under its own weight even when sphagnum moss is planted at a low density such that the sphagnum does not touch each other.

In the cultivation method, Sphagnum preferred to be planted away from each other, it is preferable that sphagnum is planted at a density of 1 to 10 present per base 100 cm ^2. In the sphagnum cultivation method, since the sphagnum can be supported by the support, even if the sphagnum is planted away from each other, the sphagnum does not easily fall.

  The support is preferably rod-shaped. When the support is rod-shaped, handling is easy and it is difficult to block sunlight and ventilation.

The sphagnum cultivation area preferably has a support at a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ² of the base.

  Preferably, the support is detachable from the base. After sphagnum elongates to some extent, the sphagnum layer on the substrate becomes sufficiently thick, and after the sphagnum stem density increases due to branching, sphagnum can support each other without a support. Therefore, a support is unnecessary. Therefore, it is preferable that the support can be detached from the base because unnecessary support can be collected and reused in another sphagnum cultivation area.

  In the above cultivation method, it is preferable that the sphagnum moss and the support are not fixed to each other. When the sphagnum moss and the support are not fixed, it is possible to prevent the elongation inhibition of the sphagnum moss between the nodes, and to further elongate the sphagnum moss.

  In the above cultivation method, it is preferable that the height of the support is higher than the height of sphagnum moss supported by the support. Thus, the sphagnum moss can be reliably supported, and the sphagnum moss can be supported for a long period of time in response to the growth of the sphagnum moss.

  The present invention also provides a sphagnum production method using the above sphagnum cultivation method. By the sphagnum moss production method of the present invention, more elongated sphagnum can be efficiently produced.

  The present invention also provides a sphagnum cultivation area having a base, a sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum. By using the sphagnum cultivation area of the present invention, sphagnum can be prevented from falling under its own weight even when sphagnum is planted at a low density such that the sphagnum does not touch each other.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area, sphagnum is preferably planted separately from each other.

In the sphagnum cultivation area, sphagnum is preferably planted at a density of 1 to 10 per 100 cm ² of the base.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area, the support is preferably rod-shaped.

In the sphagnum cultivation area, the support is preferably provided at a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ² of the base.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area, the support is preferably detachable from the base.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area, the sphagnum and the support are preferably not fixed to each other.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area, the height of the support is preferably higher than the height of sphagnum supported by the support.

  The sphagnum moss cultivation method of the present invention makes it difficult for sphagnum moss to fall down during growth even when sphagnum is planted at a low density such that the sphagnum does not touch each other. Further, by using the sphagnum cultivation area of the present invention, even when sphagnum is planted at a low density such that the sphagnum does not touch each other, the sphagnum is hard to fall.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the sphagnum cultivation area of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows one Embodiment of a support body connection body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the sphagnum cultivation area of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic cross section which shows one Embodiment of the sphagnum cultivation area of this invention.

  Hereinafter, a sphagnum cultivation area and a mode for carrying out a sphagnum cultivation method will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. For convenience, substantially the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof may be omitted.

  In the present specification, sphagnum refers to a sphagnum belonging to the sphagnum genus (SphagnaceaeSphagnum). The sphagnum moss is not limited as long as it belongs to the genus Sphagnum. For example, sphagnum moss (Sphagnum palustre L.), Sphagnum sp. Hartm), Sperm sphagnum (S. compactumDC.), Konami sphagnum (S. microporum Warnst. Ex Card), Kobana sphagnum (S. calymmatophyllum Warnest. S. girgensohniiRussow, S. fuscum (Schimp.) H. Klinggr., S. fimbriatum Wilson ex Wilson & Hook. F., S. capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw., Hosoberg Pseudomolle (Warnest.) H. Suzuki), Sphagnum moss (S. tenellum Hoffm.), Sphagnum moss (S. cuspidatumHoffm.), S. recurvum P. Beauv.), S. squarrosum Crome and the like. It is preferable to use a sphagnum moss.

  The sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment includes a step of forming a sphagnum cultivation area 100. The sphagnum cultivation area 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a base 10, a sphagnum 20 planted on the base 10, and a support 30 extending upward from the base 10 for supporting the sphagnum 20. The method for producing the sphagnum cultivation area 100 may include a step of preparing the base 10, a step of planting the sphagnum 20 on the base 10, and a step of installing the support 30 so as to extend upward from the base 10. Good. The order in which the above steps are performed can be changed as appropriate. The sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment may include a step of removing the support 30 from the base 10 after the sphagnum 20 in the sphagnum cultivation area 100 elongates. In addition, the sphagnum moss production method of the present embodiment is to produce sphagnum moss using the above cultivation method.

  The base 10 is for sphagnum 20 to be planted. As the base material constituting the base 10, a known material suitable for sphagnum moss cultivation can be used, and examples include dry sphagnum moss and sand.

  The sphagnum 20 is planted so that at least a part of the lower part of each individual plant is buried in the base 10, and the upper part of the plant including the stem tip extends upward from the surface of the base 10. The sphagnum 20 to be planted may be, for example, a sphagnum collected from its own material, a commercially available sphagnum, or a sphagnum separately cultivated in advance.

The sphagnum moss 20 is preferably planted separately so as not to touch each other. Further, it is preferable that the sphagnum 20 is evenly arranged on the base 10. The sphagnum 20 may be planted on the base 10 at a density of, for example, 1 to 10 per 100 cm ² . The number of sphagnum is counted as the number of stems on the surface of the base 10. For example, when one stem extending from the surface of the base 10 is branched above the surface of the base 10, it is counted as one sphagnum, and the stem branches in the base 10 and When two stems are present on the surface of No. 10, it is counted as two sphagnum. The sphagnum 20 to be planted on the base 10 is, for example, that the stem of the sphagnum 20 and the stem of the adjacent sphagnum 20 are preferably at least 3 cm apart on the surface of the base 10, and at least 5 cm apart Is more preferred. In the sphagnum moss cultivation method according to the present embodiment, since the sphagnum moss 20 can be supported by the support body 30, it is not necessary to plant the sphagnum moss 20 at a high density. Due to the low planting density of the sphagnum 20, for example, the number of sphagnum plants required per unit area for regeneration of the sphagnum moor can be reduced, and planting in a wider area using less sphagnum material can do. In addition, it is preferable that the planting density of the sphagnum 20 is low, because the whole plant body of the sphagnum 20 is easily exposed to light. The sphagnum 20 may be partially in contact with each other.

  The base 10 is provided with a support 30 extending above the base 10. The support 30 can support the sphagnum 20 in the vicinity. Here, "the support 30 supports the sphagnum 20" means that the support 30 partially bears a reaction force against a force of the sphagnum 20 to fall by its own weight. The support body 30 can lean on the sphagnum moss during growth, and supports the sphagnum 20 to prevent the sphagnum from falling down. That is, even when the sphagnum moss 20 cannot stand on its own, the sphagnum moss 20 leans against the support 30 and can stand upright without falling down on the surface of the base 10.

  The rod-shaped support 30 in the sphagnum cultivation area 100 shown in FIG. 1 is provided so that a part thereof is inserted into the base 10 and a length sufficient to support the sphagnum 20 extends from the surface of the base 10. The rod-shaped support 30 can be supported by hooking a radially extending branch at the tip of the stem of the sphagnum 20.

  The support 30 may support the sphagnum moss 20 at the time when the spruce 20 can not support its own weight as the stem portion of the sphagnum 20 elongates during the cultivation of the sphagnum 20. May not be directly supported.

  Since the sphagnum 20 branches during cultivation and the number of stems gradually increases, the stem density of the sphagnum 20 gradually increases from the beginning of cultivation. Therefore, for a certain sphagnum 20 plant, even if there is no adjacent support 30 or another adjacent sphagnum 20 at the time of producing the cultivation area, the sponge grows with the elongating growth of the plant and surrounding plants. It can be expected that it comes into contact with the body 30 or another sphagnum 20 and is supported. When the sphagnum 20 is supported by the support 30, the sphagnum 20 may be directly supported by the support 30 or indirectly by another sphagnum 20 plant supported by the support 30. You may.

  The shape of the support 30 may be, for example, a plate shape, a net shape, or the like. The support 30 is desirably rod-shaped from the viewpoint of not impairing the longitudinal elongation of the stem portion of the sphagnum 20 and improving the sunlight and ventilation. When the support 30 is rod-shaped, the cross-sectional shape may be any of a circle, a rectangle, and the like, and the diameter or the width is, for example, 1 mm to 10 mm, and preferably 1 mm to 5 mm. The support 30 is preferably provided substantially perpendicular to the surface of the base 10.

Support 30, for example, may be provided at a density of 100 cm ² 1 to 16 present per base 10, 4-16 present per 100 cm ^2, or may be provided at a density of 100 cm ² per 4-9 present . Further, it is preferable that the supports 30 are evenly arranged on the base 10. The support 30 only needs to support at least a part of the sphagnum 20 to be planted. For example, of all sphagnum 20 to be planted, the support 30 is supported so that at least a half or more of the sphagnum 20 is directly supported by the support 30. The body 30 and the sphagnum 20 may be arranged. The support 30 may be provided with one support 30 per sphagnum plant so that all the sphagnum planted is supported by the support 30. The support 30 and the sphagnum 20 may be arranged such that one support 30 supports a plurality of sphagnum 20 plants.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area 100, the height of the support 30 from the surface of the base 10 is higher than the height of the sphagnum 20 (height from the surface of the base 10; the same applies hereinafter), as illustrated in FIG. Is preferred. The height of the support 30 from the surface of the base 10 can be appropriately changed according to the type of sphagnum moss and the degree of elongation, and may be, for example, 5 to 30 cm, or 10 to 20 cm. If the height of the sphagnum moss 20 exceeds the height of the support 30 from the surface of the base 10 during growth, the support 30 inserted into the base 10 is appropriately raised upward, and the sphagnum moss 20 continues to be supported. It may be supported by 30.

  The material of the support 30 is not particularly limited, and for example, metal, plastic, wood, bamboo, or the like is used. The material of the support 30 is preferably a biodegradable material such as wood or bamboo. The use of these materials is preferable because, for example, when the support 30 is placed in the sphagnum cultivation area 100 for a long time and is not collected after the sphagnum group is sufficiently elongated, the support 30 is biodegraded.

  The support 30 may be fixed to the base 10 with a strength capable of supporting the force of the sphagnum 20 approaching from the side. For example, the support 30 in the sphagnum cultivation area 100 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into the base 10, penetrates the base 10, further reaches the base 40, and a part is inserted into the base 40. Since the support 30 is inserted into the base portion 40, the support 30 can be further stabilized, and the sphagnum moss 20 can be supported more stably. The support 30 may be placed on the base 10 without being inserted into the base 10, for example, when the support 30 has a free-standing leg. It is preferable that a part of the support 30 is inserted into the base 10 so that the support 30 is securely fixed by the base 10 and the growth of the sphagnum 20 is not hindered as much as possible.

  The support 30 is preferably detachable from the base 10. After the sphagnum group grows to some extent, the sphagnum layer on the basement becomes sufficiently thick, and after the sphagnum stem density increases, sphagnum can support each other without a support. Since this is possible, no support is required. Therefore, it is preferable that the support can be recovered and can be used again in another sphagnum cultivation area.

  In the sphagnum cultivation method of the present invention, since the sphagnum 20 is supported by the support 30 and the sphagnum 20 can be prevented from falling down, there is no need to fix the support 30 and the sphagnum 20. Note that "fixing the support 30 and the sphagnum 20" means that the support 30 and the sphagnum 20, for example, are connected to each other using a separate fixing member, so that the support 30 and the sphagnum 20 are substantially fixed. Means that the fixed part does not move. The support 30 and the sphagnum 20 may be fixed to each other with a wire, a tape, or the like. Since the sphagnum 20 grows not only at the tip of the stem but also at the internodes of the stem, the support 30 is not fixed to the sphagnum 20 so as not to inhibit the elongation of the stem below the fixing point. Is preferred.

  The support 30 may be provided at an arbitrary position on the base 10 on which the sphagnum moss 20 has been previously planted, or the support 30 may be provided on the base 10 in advance before the sphagnum 20 is planted on the base 10. It may be provided.

  In the sphagnum cultivation area 100 shown in FIG. 1, the base 10 is provided on the base 40. The base 40 may be made of, for example, soil, sand, styrofoam, or the like. The sphagnum moss cultivation area 100 may be provided directly on soil such as a bog or may be provided in a movable container such as a planter.

  Each of the supports 30 may be independent, and a plurality of supports 30 are connected at a part of each of the supports 30 (for example, at the upper end or the lower end of the support 30) to form a connected support. May be. For example, a support connecting body 32 as shown in FIG. 2 may be employed. The support connecting body 32 includes a plurality of supports 30 that are two-dimensionally arranged as viewed from above, and a plurality of horizontal connecting portions 33 that connect lower ends of the plurality of supports 30 vertically and horizontally in a grid pattern. have. In the support linked body, the plurality of supports 30 may be connected so as to be arranged one-dimensionally in a line when viewed from above. The support connecting body 32 is effective when it is difficult to insert and fix the support into the base, for example, when the base is made of a hard material such as concrete or wood. Further, since the supports 30 are connected to each other, the installation and removal of the supports 30 can be performed more easily. The support link 32 may be placed on the base 10. In the sphagnum cultivation area 110 shown in FIG. 3, the base 10 is formed on the connecting portion of the support connecting body 32 arranged on the base 41.

  In addition, the above-described support connecting body 32 may be used in a state where the top and bottom of the supporting body 30 are reversed and the upper ends of the support 30 are connected to each other. When the upper end of the support 30 is connected, it is preferable that the connecting portion is linear or lattice-shaped so as not to form a large shadow on the sphagnum 20. By using the support having the upper end connected thereto, when the sphagnum moss 20 is elongated, the support linked body 32 can be easily pulled up as necessary, and it is possible to cope with further elongation of the sphagnum moss 20. .

  The support may be a stem of a living plant or the like. In the sphagnum cultivation area 120 shown in FIG. 4, the stem of a living plant planted on the base 10 or the base 40 functions as the support 31. It is preferable that the stem of the plant used as the support 31 is sufficiently thin and hard to form a shade, and has a certain strength. Examples of a plant that can preferably use the stem (flower stem) as the support 31 include, for example, rush (Juncus effusus), kusai (Juncus tenuis), droy (Juncus gracillimus), and cyperaceae (Cyperaceae). Eleocharis wichurae), Sankakui (Scirpus triqueter), and Kangarei (Scirpus triangulatus). When the stem of a living plant is used as the support 31, for example, the base 10 is provided on the base 40 where the plant is planted so as to fill the gap between the stems of the plant. Sphagnum 20 may be planted on 10. In addition, a rhizome of a plant or the like is planted on the base portion 40, and the base 10 is arranged on the plant before the stem portion of the plant elongates, and a sphagnum moss 20 is planted on the base 10 in advance. Thereby, the stem of the plant may extend and grow to penetrate to the surface of the base 10 and then function as the support 31.

  In the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment, after completing the above sphagnum cultivation area, water, nutrients, and the like are appropriately given to the sphagnum moss, so that the sphagnum moss can grow and grow. Moreover, you may change the position of a support body as needed during the cultivation of sphagnum moss. In the case where a sphagnum cultivation area is provided outdoors, sphagnum moss can be cultivated without any particular care by appropriately supplying water due to rainfall or the like.

  The sphagnum moss cultivation method according to the present embodiment can prevent the sphagnum plant from becoming overly moist due to the stem portion falling down due to the weight of the sphagnum plant, even when the sphagnum stem elongates. Further, the sphagnum stalks that extend while being supported by the support have a greater internode elongation than the sphagnum stalks that elongate while supporting their own weight, and as a result, the upward elongation increases. Sphagnum moss with longer internodes has a higher percentage of voids between stems and leaves, and is less likely to be over-humidified. Therefore, the sphagnum cultivation method according to the present embodiment can produce a live sphagnum thick layer with a high void ratio earlier. By sphagnum elongation and growth in such a situation, for example, even when the water supply amount is increased, the tip of the stem of the sphagnum that grows most actively is less likely to become excessively moist, and it is possible to continue healthy growth, A sphagnum group that is more resistant to environmental changes is obtained. In addition, even if the water supply is not controlled, the sphagnum moss cultivation area can cope with a change in water conditions, so that water management is easy.

  In the regeneration of the sphagnum moor, the sphagnum moss cultivation method according to the present embodiment can produce a sphagnum moss group having a sufficient thickness, which is resistant to environmental changes, particularly water environmental changes, at an earlier stage. The regenerated sphagnum moor becomes a habitat for other animals and plants, and is therefore preferable from the viewpoint of biodiversity conservation.

  In addition, sphagnum as a horticultural material is not only a dried product but also a live sphagnum may be effective. The sphagnum moss cultivation method according to the present embodiment makes it possible to produce a more elongated sphagnum moss quickly and efficiently. The sphagnum obtained using the sphagnum cultivation method can be used for horticultural use.

  10 ... base, 20 ... sphagnum, 30, 31 ... support, 32 ... support connected, 33 ... horizontal connection, 40, 41 ... base, 100, 110, 120 ... sphagnum cultivation area.

Claims (21)

  A sphagnum cultivation method, comprising the step of forming a sphagnum cultivation area having a base, a sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum. The sphagnum cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the support passes through the wind. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the support is a bar, a plate, a net, or a stem of a living plant. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the sphagnum moss is planted apart from each other. The sphagnum are planted at a density of the base 100 cm ² 1 to 10 present per cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-4. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the support has a rod shape. The cultivation method according to claim 6 , wherein the sphagnum cultivation area has the support at a density of 1 to 16 per 100 cm ^{2 of the} base. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the support is detachable from the base. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the sphagnum moss and the support are not fixed to each other. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein a height of the support is higher than a height of the sphagnum moss supported by the support. Used cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-10, sphagnum method of production.   A sphagnum cultivation area having a base, a sphagnum planted on the base, and a support extending upward from the base for supporting the sphagnum. 13. The sphagnum cultivation area according to claim 12, wherein the support is air-permeable. 14. The sphagnum cultivation area according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the support is a stick, a plate, a net, or a stem of a living plant. The sphagnum cultivation area according to any one of claims 12 to 14 , wherein the sphagnum is planted separately from each other. The sphagnum are planted at a density of the base 100 cm ² 1 to 10 present per, sphagnum cultivation according to any one of claims 12 to 15. The sphagnum cultivation area according to any one of claims 12 to 16 , wherein the support is rod-shaped. It said support is provided with a density of the base 100 cm ² 1 to 16 present per, sphagnum cultivation according to claim 17. The sphagnum cultivation area according to any one of claims 12 to 18 , wherein the support is detachable from the base. The sphagnum cultivation area according to any one of claims 12 to 19 , wherein the sphagnum moss and the support are not fixed to each other. The sphagnum cultivation area according to any one of claims 12 to 20 , wherein a height of the support is higher than a height of the sphagnum supported by the support.

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