JP5038071B2 - Natural vegetation guidance net and natural vegetation guidance structure of slope - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention establishes a natural vegetation induction net and a natural slope on a slope for fixing wind-fed seeds, topsoil seed banks, etc. on cut slopes and embankment slopes, and promoting natural growth of herbaceous plants and woody plants. A vegetation guidance structure is provided.

  The vegetation planting plant was developed as a technology to prevent soil erosion and increase land productivity in restoration restoration works such as bald mountains using herbaceous plants and woody plants from around 1960. It has come into widespread use as a seed disperser that performs mechanical construction using grass seeds, a vegetation sheet called artificial grass with these seeds, and a mat worker.

On the other hand, as one of the methods to restore the natural landscape and natural ecosystem, there is an early forestation method that introduces domestically produced local seedlings called Kimoto native species by sowing work, which is popular as a slope forestation method. It's getting on.
However, the seedlings used here are not necessarily limited to local ones, but are widely used in all regions of the country, and the production volume is limited and the distribution is limited. Was difficult to obtain, and sometimes its price was soaring that it was very difficult to use. In addition, the production place display is not clear, and it was difficult to obtain local seedlings considering the gene level.

  In addition, the majority of woody plants, which are said to be native species, have low germination vigor, the germination days vary from one solid to another, and many of them require a long period of 2 to 3 years after sowing, and the initial growth is extremely slow. When mixed with herbaceous plants, it is overpressured, so it may be necessary to extremely reduce the amount of herbaceous plants mixed in or to maintain the growth base in a long-term `` sparse '' state without using any herbs. is there.

  In addition, as one of the methods to restore the local ecosystem and landscape at an early stage, the revegetation method using a forest topsoil seed bank that uses buried seeds contained in the forest topsoil near the development site as plant materials, There are also proposed methods using wind-spreaded seeds, bird-spreaded seeds, or gravity-spreaded seeds that are supplied from the forest above the construction slope.

The patent documents and non-patent documents listed below are specific means for proposed greening.
Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which only a growth base that does not contain seeds is formed on a slope, and a shelf for capturing seeds is installed thereon.
However, according to this method, there is a problem that wind-spreaded seeds attached between the shelves and the surface of the reticulates are easily scattered by the wind, and the trapping efficiency is certain. It wasn't.

Furthermore, even if it can be luckily captured by the mesh part of the mesh and grounded on the growth base by this method, it is necessary to ensure sufficient moisture for the flying seeds to germinate. The possibility of germination of the seed is extremely low because it does not have moisture retention or water retention functions.
In addition, the surface water that is dammed up by the shelves is temporarily stored, but then permeates into the growth base or is lost by transpiration, so even if it germinates, it will die by drying damage and sunshine during the seedling stage. There is also the problem of doing.

In patent document 2, it has the net | network installed on a slope and the thin cotton attached to the net | network, and the pocket which capture | acquires the seed of a surrounding plant is formed in the accommodating part.
According to this method, flying seeds by wind spraying or gravity spraying are accommodated in the pocket portion and entangled with the thin cotton attached to the net, and the trapping effect becomes more reliable.
Moreover, since the net acts as a cushioning material against the wind, the seeds that come in and are captured are less likely to be scattered by the wind.

  However, the main purpose of the thin cotton attached to this net is to trap and trap seeds and to cover the slope surface to prevent erosion caused by wind and rain. Since it does not have a structure that retains and retains sufficient water to promote germination, the germination of the seeds of the surrounding plants that have come and captured has become quite limited. There is a problem of dying due to abnormal weather or winter frost heave.

  According to Non-Patent Document 1 “Construction Cases Using Topsoil Seed Banks for Spraying (IV)” – Results of Invasive Species Capture with Spraying Frame and Vegetation Mats — With Forest Topsoil Seed Banks and Flying Seeds It is said that various vegetation similar to the natural vegetation in the area can be established by using it, and the importance of water retention function as well as prevention of erosion and the necessity of improving the environment where birds fly are described.

Furthermore, “Application of forest topsoil use and natural invasion promotion works on slopes” listed as Non-Patent Document 2 includes cuts, south / west facing, light rain, dryness, bedrock, sandyness It is described that the result will be bad under bad conditions such as the slope of the.
From the viewpoint of natural fertility development, the development of fertilizers that last for several years, the development of nets (mats) that create an optimal environment for the germination and growth of flying seeds, or the slow growth of plants, It is said that it is necessary to devise the formation of the slope surface so that the soil necessary for growth is easily formed.
JP-A-11-81327 JP 2006-266043 A Japanese Society of Revegetation Engineering No.32 No.12 “Construction Example Utilizing Topsoil Seed Bank for Spraying (IV)” Revegetation Technology Vol. 28 “Application of Forest Topsoil Use and Natural Invasion Promotion Work on Slopes” (Edited by Japan Revegetation Association)

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is a natural vegetation-inducing net with high water retention ability that can withstand the abnormal weather such as sunshine, and the germination of sowing seeds as well as flying seeds. It aims to provide a natural vegetation guidance structure on the slope that promotes the cultivation.

In the present invention, a mat-shaped molding material obtained by molding a repellent fiber into a mat shape is used.
A plurality of strips of repetitive fibers are laminated and molded by pressurizing and heating, and / or molded into a mat shape by needle punching, thereby obtaining a mat-like product having a thickness of about 5 mm to 20 mm. A natural vegetation-inducing net characterized in that the mat-like material is anchored and fixed to a net-like body such as a wire net or a fiber net.
Here, the needle punching is a process in which the tips of a large number of needles (needles) reciprocate between the fibers to entangle the fibers.
A mat-like body formed by laminating a plurality of strips of repellent fibers attached to the mesh and pressurizing, heating and / or needle punching not only absorbs and retains water from the repellent fibers themselves, Moisture water between the fibers.
In addition, as a method of forming a mat in which such a plurality of fibers are laminated, a synthetic resin adhesive or a synthetic rubber adhesive is used to fix the fibers and fibers, and the synthetic resin is dissolved to elute into a fiber shape. There are techniques for molding a mat having a constant thickness, but the mat-like body molded by these techniques has water repellency and poor water holding ability.
In addition, the anti-wrist used as the fiber material is a piece of old cloth, such as a blanket or a carpet, which is cut into a cotton shape by an anti-wool machine, and has high water absorption and hydrates each fiber. Therefore, it is a suitable fiber material that has a significantly higher water retention capacity than other mat-like materials.

In the first invention of the present invention, the mat-like molding material as described above is arranged on the entire surface or a part of a net-like material such as a net made by twisting palm fibers, a wire net, a synthetic resin net, and the like. And a natural vegetation guidance net.
In the second invention, the shape of the mat-shaped molding material is a square plate, a band, a rod, or a column.
In the third invention, solid fertilizer is sandwiched in the center of a mat-like molding material that is rounded or folded into a rod-like or columnar shape.
Fertilizer gradually permeates the surrounding ground and is supplied to plants for several years.
In the fourth invention, the rod-shaped or columnar mat-shaped molding material is made substantially linear or arc-shaped,
This is attached to the mesh body.

In the fifth aspect of the present invention, a natural vegetation guidance net in which the mat-like molding material as described above is arranged on the entire surface or a part of the mesh material is laid and fixed on the slope.
Arranging the mat-shaped molding material includes laying the entire surface under the mesh-like material, or partially installing it on a part of the mesh-like material and fixing it to the slope with pins.
Alternatively, the mat-like molding material may be attached in advance by tying it with a string or the like, and may be arranged on a part of the mesh-like material.
As the net-like material, a coconut fiber or the like is twisted into a string shape and knitted like a net, a net made of synthetic resin fiber, a wire net, or the like can be used.
A vegetation base layer is formed by spraying a vegetation base material on such a natural vegetation guidance net.
As the vegetation base material, a mixture of bark compost, peat moss, soil, fertilizer, seeds, and the like can be selectively employed.
As seeds, seeds from topsoil seed banks, seeds of native species, and the like can be widely used.
Flying seeds and the like are captured by a net-like material, and the seeds are prevented from flowing down by the trapping action of the net-like material.
For trapping flying seeds, fix the netting material somewhat loosely, blow vegetation base material underneath the netting material so that the netting material is exposed on the surface of the vegetation basement layer, and the trapping effect of flying seeds Can be increased.

As a sixth invention, in the above invention, as the mat-shaped molding material, a rectangular plate shape, a strip shape, a prismatic shape, or a round pillar shape can be selectively used.
The mat-shaped molding material is cut into a band shape, folded, a plurality of sheets are stacked, or rounded to form these shapes.

As a seventh aspect of the invention, a mat-shaped molding material such as a rectangular plate is used in a horizontal or substantially horizontal manner.
The term “substantially horizontal” includes a long molding material having an arc shape so that the middle portion is lower than the left and right end portions.
In addition, the mat-shaped molding material is arranged so as to be horizontally striped, with an appropriate spacing above and below the slope, staggered vertically and horizontally, and randomly arranged. A natural vegetation guidance net can be stretched.

In the eighth aspect of the invention, the topsoil seed bank or the native tree seeds or both of them are mixed in the vegetation base material.
By doing so, it is possible to expect the growth of local native plants without being limited to flying seeds.
In the ninth aspect of the present invention, as the vegetation base layer, first, a lower vegetation base layer not mixed with plant material is formed, and a topsoil sheet bank including buried seeds and / or native wood seeds are mixed thereon. A vegetation base material is sprayed to form an upper vegetation base layer.
By doing in this way, seeds etc. will be used effectively.
Moreover, a seed can be effectively utilized by making an upper vegetation base layer into 3 cm or less of the depth which a seed germinates.

In a tenth aspect of the invention, the mat molding material has a longitudinal direction that is horizontal or substantially horizontal,
The vegetation base material is sprayed thereon to form a vegetation base layer having stepped step portions that are partially flat or substantially flat.

  In an eleventh aspect of the present invention, one or more vegetation is planted by planting seedlings, cuttings (ears), or filling a plant root system or acorn-like large seeds in the step portion of the step-like vegetation basement layer. Is to do.

  In a twelfth aspect of the invention, a plant growth base material is mixed with a short fiber material having a volume ratio of 5 to 60% or a width of 1 mm or less and / or an artificial zeolite having a volume ratio of 5 to 40%.

The first effect of the present invention is that this cotton-like material is formed by laminating a plurality of anti-rib fibers, pressurizing and heating them, and / or using a mat-like molding material molded into a mat shape by needle punching. The laminated material of multiple striped anti-fiber fibers not only absorbs and retains water but also retains moisture between the fibers, and its water retention capacity is actually 9 to 10 times its own weight. Reach.
In addition, when molding into a mat shape using palm fiber or the like as a raw material, a mat-shaped material that is molded into a mat shape using an adhesive or a synthetic resin or the like that is molded or sprayed on the mat surface has water repellency, There is a big difference in water retention capacity and water absorption capacity.
Table 1 is a comparison table of the weight of each mat-like material and its weight per 100 cm ³ in a wet saturated state, and is an average value for each of the three test pieces. [2] is a mat-like product obtained by spraying synthetic resin onto a synthetic fiber material and spreading it. [2] is a mat-like product obtained by bonding palm fibers with a synthetic rubber adhesive. A mat-like material made of repellent fibers retains water that is nearly 10 times its own weight.
That is, the water-holding ability (water retention ability) and water-absorbing ability of the mat-shaped molding material according to the present invention exerts a great effect of promoting germination and growth of native seeds, buried seeds or flying seeds on the slope, It resists and promotes the growth of abnormal weather such as sunshine in the seedling period.
(Table 1)

  According to the second effect of the present invention, the mat-like molding material described above is integrated with a net-like body such as a wire net or a fiber net, so that the net-like body as a greening foundation work is integrated. Since the mat-shaped molding material is laid, compared to the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, the work efficiency is significantly higher and the construction cost and construction period are greatly reduced. Dangerous work is greatly reduced. In addition, the amount of auxiliary materials such as anchor pins and pegs can be reduced.

  A third effect of the present invention is that the mat-like molding material to be mounted is not limited to the entire surface tension, but can be fixed and mounted at a predetermined width and interval, thereby depending on the slope of the slope or the geological situation. Thus, by changing the mounting portion of the mat-shaped molding material, it is possible not only to reduce the material cost, but also to form a pocket portion effective for capturing flying seeds and the like.

Furthermore, the fourth effect of the present invention is to attach a round or folded mat-like molding material to the mesh body so as to obtain a required height (thickness), thereby forming a larger gap and enhancing the dam effect. A larger amount of water can be stored on the slope.
In addition, when a mat-like material is rolled or folded, a large bean charcoal-like slow-acting fertilizer is sandwiched and enclosed to obtain a long-term fertilization effect. Furthermore, by spraying a plant growth base material of a predetermined thickness on the upper surface of this net, a step-like growth base with concave and convex parts is created, and surface water is also stored in the growth base, and the native species of wood Germination of seeds, buried seeds and flying seeds can be further promoted.
In addition, flying seeds and bird-spreaded seeds are surely captured by the stepped portion of the stepped growth base, and germination and growth are promoted by the stored water. Moreover, the convex part of this step-like growth base is eroded by wind and rain and becomes soil covering, and germination and growth of flying seeds can be further ensured.

The fifth effect of the present invention is that a net-like body on which a mat-like molding material having the required height (thickness) is mounted and fixed is stretched on an inclined surface using an anchor pin or the like, and a growth base is blown on this. At the time of attachment, a stepped growth base having a required thickness is created without mixing plant materials such as seeds and root systems, and then a topsoil seed bank and / or native natives containing buried seeds on the surface of the growth base. Growth base material containing raw seeds can be sprayed at a thickness of 3 cm or less.
Compared with the case where a topsoil seed bank and local seedlings called native species are mixed in the entire vegetation base layer, the cost of the topsoil seed bank can be reduced by saving its expensive or difficult to collect topsoil seed bank. Significant reduction is possible. That is, the germinable depth of plant seeds varies depending on the seeds, but is generally about 3 cm or less except for acorns, and plant materials mixed in the lower layers are wasted.
A topsoil seed bank is one that contains a large number of living seeds in the soil and repeats an increase in seeds due to plant growth and a decrease due to germination.

Further, according to the sixth effect of the present invention, a seedling can be planted in a step portion of the growth base constructed in the above-mentioned step shape, or a cutting (ear) can be buried, or an acorn can be buried. Planted seedlings and cuttings (ears) grow faster than seeds or roots, improve the landscape and stabilize early, and become a bird perch or diet tree to enhance the spray effect of bird spray seeds In addition, it further promotes the induction of natural vegetation and promotes the germination and growth of nearby forest tree species such as flying species on the forest floor.
This seedling planting and cuttings burying surely grows with the water stored in the step part and not only improves the landscape early but also improves the landscape, but also the invasion of bird scattered seeds as bird feeding trees and perches Can be promoted. Moreover, by embedding acorns in a desired position, large-sized woody plants can be germinated more reliably.

Further, the seventh effect of the present invention is that artificial zeolite is mixed in a proportion of 5 to 60 parts by volume, preferably 10 to 30 parts by volume of the vegetation base material to be formed, so that the artificial zeolite has a nitrogen content in the fertilizer. Is adsorbed by ion exchange, thereby artificially creating a base with less nitrogen in the fertilizer, suppressing the growth of herbaceous plants, suppressing the pressure of woody plants by herbs, and germinating woody plants・ It can promote growth.
Furthermore, a short fiber material having a diameter or a width of 1 mm or less of 5 to 60 parts by volume, preferably 30 to 50 parts by volume of the growth base material can be mixed. This creates a stronger and more stable base than the short fibers entangled with each other, hydrates moisture between the short fibers, creates a growth base with high water retention, and stabilizes the seeds that are slow to germinate and grow. It enables germination and growth and creation of a more stable growth base that can cope with abnormal weather.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The figure shows an example of the embankment slope created with a gradient of 1: 1.5 (about 33 °).
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a net-like body equipped with a mat-like material made from anti-bristles. 1 is a laminate of a plurality of strips made from anti-bristles and made into a mat shape by needle punch. These are cut into a width of about 20 cm and a length of about 2 m, and this is attached and integrated with a fiber net 2 knitted with palm fiber or the like at intervals of 40 cm.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a construction state, 1 is a mat-like molding material obtained by laminating the above-mentioned bristles, 2 is a net-like body made by knitting palm fibers, and this is anchor pin 3 Tighten and fix to the embankment slope 10.
The vegetation base material 4 which is a mixture of about 10% volume ratio of a topsoil seed bank containing a large amount of buried seed collected in the forest near the construction site is sprayed onto the surface of the natural vegetation guidance net A thus stretched. A vegetation base layer 11 is formed by spraying to a thickness of about 30 mm using a machine or a mortar spraying machine.

In addition, this growth base material contains dried cut grass, cedar and cypress bark, etc., processed into short fibers with a diameter or width of 1 mm or less, and short fiber materials such as the above-mentioned bristles in a volume ratio of about 40%. To do.
This will improve the erosion resistance of the established growth base, create a growth base with better water retention, and ensure germination and growth of buried seeds and local native seeds. Can do.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a natural vegetation guidance net A used in the present embodiment. In FIG. 3, the net-like material 2 employs a rhombus metal net having a wire diameter of 2 mm and a mesh of 50 mm.
The mat-shaped molding material 1 is a rod-shaped (columnar shape) that is formed by laminating a plurality of strips of repetitive fibers and molding the mat-shaped molding material by needle punching into a mat shape having a thickness of 10 mm, and having a width of approximately 20 cm and a height of 10 cm. ) The body 1a is used, and this rod-like (columnar) body is fixed to the wire mesh at a distance of 50 cm and is fixed to the diamond wire mesh that is the mesh material 2 to form a natural vegetation guidance net A.
A solid slow-release fertilizer can be sandwiched between rod-shaped and columnar mat-shaped molding materials.
Fertilizer gradually permeates the surrounding ground over the years.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a construction example using the natural vegetation guidance net A shown in FIG. 3, which is a construction example on a cut slope with a gradient of 1: 1.0 (45 °). The natural vegetation guidance net A is stretched and fixed to the cut slope 12 using the anchor pin 3.
As a result, a greening foundation with a high dam effect that blocks the surface water flowing down is formed. Further, a growth base material containing a short fiber material made of cut grass, cedar, cypress bark, etc., processed into a short fiber shape with a diameter of 1 mm or less is further sprayed in a substantially step-like shape so that the thickness becomes 7 cm by a mortar spraying machine or the like. The lower vegetation base 11a is created.

Furthermore, a topsoil seed bank including a buried seed and an upper vegetation base layer 11b including a local seedling is formed on the surface of the step-like growth base thus formed with a spray thickness of 3 cm.
As a result, it is possible to save costly and difficult to obtain local seedlings or to save forest topsoil that is difficult to collect and reduce costs.

Further, a local seedling 20 is planted on the step portion 13 a of the step-like vegetation base layer 13.
As a result, the natural landscape can be restored at an early stage, and the transition to a secondary transition forest can be promoted by stabilizing the growth base and introducing bird-spreaded seeds.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of laying on the slope of the natural vegetation guidance net A used in the present invention.
In the third embodiment, the mat-shaped molding material 1 molded into a band shape is appropriately spaced apart vertically, and a plurality of mat-shaped molding materials 1 are arranged on the slope so that the plurality of mat-shaped molding materials 1 extend in the horizontal direction and the whole is in a horizontal stripe shape. This is an example.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of laying on the slope of the natural vegetation guidance net A of the present invention.
The natural vegetation guidance nets A that are adjacent to each other on the left and right are arranged so that the mat-shaped molding material 1 is shifted up and down to form a staggered pattern.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the natural vegetation guidance net A of the present invention laid on the slope.
This is an example in which the natural vegetation guidance net A is fixed to a slope at random, and the mat-shaped molding material 1 is also arranged so that the slope is scattered randomly.
The mat-shaped molding material 1 has an arc shape in which an intermediate portion is lower than left and right end portions, and can receive seeds in a pocket shape.

  Based on the National Biodiversity Strategy formulated in 1996, the preservation of local ecosystems will be required, and the aspects of roads and road construction will also be With the implementation, the pros and cons of greening by exotic species has been questioned, and greening technology using regional seedlings that considers the genetic level has been required. From this point of view, the present invention introduces plant materials such as native seeds collected in the region, buried seeds contained in the forest topsoil, flying seeds from nearby forests to slope greening, so that the natural landscape and ecosystem can be It aims to contribute to environmental conservation by providing technology to restore and preserve local landscapes and ecosystems.

Perspective view of one embodiment of natural vegetation guidance net Sectional drawing which shows the state of construction using the net for natural vegetation guidance of FIG. Perspective view of another embodiment of a net for guiding natural vegetation Sectional view of a construction example using the net of FIG. Plan view of a natural vegetation guidance net with mat-shaped moldings arranged in horizontal stripes A plan view of a natural vegetation guidance net with mat-shaped moldings arranged in a staggered pattern Plan view of a net for guiding natural vegetation with mat-shaped molding material arranged in random stripes

Explanation of symbols

A Net for guiding vegetation 1 Mat-shaped molding material 1a Rod-like (columnar) body of mat 2 Net-like material 3 Anchor pin 4 Vegetation base material 10 Embankment slope 11 Vegetation base layer 11a Lower vegetation base layer 11b Upper vegetation base layer 12 Cutting method Plane base 13 Stepped vegetation base layer 13a Step part 20 Sapling

Claims (12)

Laminating multiple strips of repellent fibers and molding them into a mat shape by pressing, heating, and / or needle punching,
A net for inducing natural vegetation formed by arranging and mating the mat-like molding material on the entire surface or a part of the net-like body. The natural vegetation induction net according to claim 1, wherein the mat-shaped molding material is in the shape of a square plate, a band, a bar, or a column. In the center of a mat-shaped molding material that is rounded or folded into a rod or column,
The natural vegetation induction net according to claim 2, wherein solid fertilizer is sandwiched. The mat-shaped molding material made into a rod shape or a column shape is made into a substantially linear shape or an arc shape,
The natural vegetation induction net according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the net is attached to a net-like body. Laminating multiple strips of repellent fibers and molding them into a mat shape by pressing, heating, and / or needle punching,
A net for guiding natural vegetation in which the mat-like molding material is arranged on the entire surface or a part of the net-like body is laid and fixed on a slope,
A natural vegetation guidance structure on the slope formed by spraying vegetation base material on top of this to form a vegetation base layer. 6. The natural vegetation guiding structure for a slope according to claim 5, wherein the mat-shaped molding material is in the shape of a square plate, a band, a prism, or a round column. 7. The natural vegetation guiding structure for a slope according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the mat-shaped molding material has a longitudinal direction which is horizontal or substantially horizontal. The natural vegetation guiding structure for a slope according to any one of claims 5, 6 and 7, wherein the vegetation base material is mixed with a topsoil seed bank and / or a native tree seed. The vegetation base layer is a lower vegetation base layer not mixed with seeds,
The top soil seed bank including buried seeds and / or an upper vegetation base layer sprayed with a vegetation base material mixed with native wood seeds thereon, according to claim 5, 6 or 7 The natural vegetation guiding structure for a slope according to any one of the above items. The mat-shaped molding material has its longitudinal direction horizontal or substantially horizontal,
The vegetation base material is sprayed thereon to form a vegetation base layer having a stepped step portion that is partially flat or substantially flat. The natural vegetation guiding structure for a slope according to any one of the above. Adopt one or more vegetation means for planting seedlings, cuttings (ears), or burying plant root system or acorn-like large seeds at the stepped part of the staircase vegetation basement layer The natural vegetation guiding structure for slopes according to claim 10. The plant growth base material is mixed with a short fiber material having a volume ratio of 5 to 60% in diameter or width of 1 mm or less, and / or an artificial zeolite having a volume ratio of 5 to 40%, The natural vegetation guiding structure for a slope according to any one of 7, 8, 9, or 10.

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