JP4281098B1 - Slope greening method - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To provide a method for easily planting plants on a slope such as a steep slope, and restoring natural vegetation in a short time.
SOLUTION: Seedlings are sprouting and grown without fertilizer from seedlings, and plants having main roots and supporting roots are vegetated, and then coarsely pulverized products and finely crushed bark are spread evenly on the slopes. Then, a bark chip protective layer is formed to restore natural vegetation at an early stage by stabilizing the slope and growing the plant.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a greening method for stabilizing a slope by causing a plant to grow on the slope.

Up to now, as a method of revegetation of slopes such as slopes, methods of spraying vegetation base materials mixed with exotic grass seeds, fertilizers, soil conditioners, etc. to form organic soil bases on slopes have been actively performed. Yes. In this method, when the slope of the slope is steep, it is necessary to lay a wire mesh or a net to prevent the displacement of the base, and to create a vegetation base layer on the top with a spraying machine. There are problems such as being far from natural forest before work because it uses easy seeds such as foreign woods and grasses, native woods and grasses. Therefore, in order to reduce costs, Patent Document 1 discloses a method using a greening member in which a protective member, a wood chip, and the like are mixed as a method for reliably planting a plant even on a steep slope or a weak slope. In this method, seeds and the like are retained and the survival rate is improved and the total cost is reduced, but it is difficult to reduce the cost when forming the base layer. In addition, as a method of reproducing the natural environment as much as possible, fertilizer components and buried seeds collected in forests based on the root strains, bark, thinned wood and water purifying cakes and red bean soil generated by development etc. in Patent Document 2 A method for constructing a plant growth base mixed with surface soil containing sucrose is shown. This method has a problem that the surface soil collection location and the like are limited because the buried seed includes a vine plant that forms a cloak community such as kudzu. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses that a greening base material is sprayed on a slope with a short chip that acts as a reinforcing material uniformly on the base layer and locally generated soil. Although a method of greening by adjusting the rate is shown, this method is not a method that makes use of conventional vegetation, although it helps to create a recycling society.
JP 2000-212964 A JP 2005-188192 A JP 2004-143703 A "Use of cedar bark -from the results of ant resistance test-", Tokushima Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center Forestry and Forestry Research Institute, May 2003

      The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned problems, and plants can be easily vegetated even on slopes such as steep slopes, and can be restored to a modified slope before work. It is intended to provide a method of greening the slope.

A first invention is a method of planting a plant on a slope such as a slope of a steep slope, and greening the slope, wherein bark chips having different chip length distributions obtained by crushing bark and mist-like water are used. Rather than mixing with the bark chips from the bark chips, they are sprayed at the same time in the same direction as the bark chips flow and from the top so as to cover the bark chip flow. A layer that protects the vegetation base layer to plant and grow plant seedlings and the original ground (ground), which consists of a bark chip layer with a different distribution of fine layers. Hereinafter, it is referred to as a bark chip protection layer), and is a greening method for a slope characterized by being a greening member for planting plants. More specifically, the bark of wood is pulverized with a pulverizer to a size of 15 centimeters or less, and then conveyed to a spraying place with an air conveyance device and a duct hose, and simultaneously 1 to 10 liters per minute. A greening member in which a plurality of bark chip layers having different particle size distributions are formed by using the gravity difference of the bark chips by spraying while moving the nozzle or the like so as to secure a required area together with the mist of water. It is to provide. The mist-like water sprayed at the same time plays a role in controlling the rate at which fine powder of bark chips, which acts as a bonding material, accumulates in the coarsely pulverized layer, and the presence of moisture protects the bark chips immediately after construction. Since it becomes an appropriate state about the place where the degree of adhesion of the layer becomes green, it is possible to reduce the runoff and scattering by rainwater, wind.

According to a second invention, in the first invention, a coarsely pulverized product having a bark chip length of 0.1 centimeters to 15 centimeters for forming bark chip layers having different size distributions and 0.1 A method for greening a slope characterized by comprising fine powder of less than a centimeter.

Moreover, if one in which bark chips was cedar or Japanese cypress bark and raw materials, fry seedlings plants planted during spraying due to air transport machine under pressure by softness of the material with cedar and cypress There are fewer benefits. Further, cedar and cypress, physiologically active substance having a high (benzene, methanol-soluble material) include, insect larvae are prevented from entering the bark chip protective layer, also the effect of reducing damage such as Horikami animals can get.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a seedling of a plant that is vegetated on a slope germinates a seed of a native herb or a tree (hereinafter referred to as a plant) under natural conditions, and 3 to 8 cm in diameter when the true leaf comes out. The first pot when the root is extended from the hole in the bottom of the first pot, transplanted to a cylindrical or rectangular first pot having a length of 10 to 30 centimeters and a fertilizer. consisting of size and shape of the overlapping placed in a second pot made of biodegradable material, root system of the first biodegradable pot was produced was removed so as not be exposed to light and ambient air material compatible with A method for greening a slope characterized by using pot seedlings . This makes it possible to select a plant that matches the vegetation in the area, and the main roots of the plant seedlings are easier to extend below the ground than the vegetation base layer, and extend to the growth base layer. By releasing from the suppressed state, it becomes easy to spread in the surface direction, so that the slope can be stabilized. It can also be made environmentally friendly because it is finally transplanted into a biodegradable pot.

Specifically, the seedlings of plants that grow on the slopes grow native seedlings or herbaceous seeds from mineral seedlings from seedlings and manage the seedlings with no fertilizer. The first pot when transplanted to a first cylindrical pot or a rectangular cylindrical pot of 10 to 30 centimeters in length and nurtured with no fertilizer and the roots extended from the hole in the bottom of the first pot A pot seedling made of a biodegradable material made by stacking it in a second pot made of a biodegradable material of a size and shape suitable for the above, and removing the first pot so as not to be exposed to light or outside air It is a method of revegetation of a slope, characterized in that the seedling management is carried out with no fertilizer until it is planted in the vegetation base layer. It should be noted that the angle between the slope and the flat protective member is 60 to 90 degrees from the shoulder direction, and that the longitudinal direction of the flat protective member is less than 15 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction of the slope. Install the flat protective member so that it has, and spread from the top of the flat protective member where the soil is installed to the slope toward the upper surface with a gradient of less than 1: 5 toward the top. A flat protective member can be provided. Thereby, the effect for smoothing the flow of rainwater and preventing the erosion of the slope is obtained.

      According to the present invention, the plant to be vegetated uses a native species, and vegetation is a mixture of pioneer species that are easy to grow even in wasteland and the main constituent trees that will constitute the future forest, thereby invigorating competition between plants. Helps the natural healing power and restores vegetation early. As a result, CO2 is absorbed and fixed by trees to help prevent global warming, and the slopes that have become forested have the effect of reducing maintenance costs compared to grassland. Rather than treating the cedar or cypress bark generated in the lumbering process of forestry with industrial waste, by using recycled material crushed by a crusher to ensure an appropriate thickness on the slope, it is used as a bark chip protective layer, It can prevent slope erosion, prevent freezing due to heat retention, increase the number of microorganisms in the soil due to water retention, create a chain of plants from the bottom of the ecosystem pyramid, restore the ecosystem, and at the same time, plant growth By making the transition to, the forest with many functions such as recharge of water source, prevention of sediment loss, windbreak, and forest with fish can be created, and the safety effect etc. will be exhibited. The finely crushed bark chips adhere to the coarsely crushed bark chips with mist-like water and have the effect of joining the coarsely crushed bark chips together. The effect that there is little scattering is also acquired.

      In conventional greening methods, exotic grass seeds, fertilizers, soil conditioners, and methods of vegetation on slopes using a mixture of finely crushed wood chips and adhesives are generally used. The germination of woody species is inhibited, and even if it germinates well, it tends to become a single species, and it is difficult to return to the slope of various vegetation before work.

      This greening method focuses on bringing the vegetation on the slope before construction as close as possible to the vegetation of native woody and herbaceous vegetation around it, and procure plants based on the results. This technique can be used in combination depending on the situation of the slope, but on steep slopes, a flat protective member can be installed and a vegetation base layer laying the soil, etc. can be installed. The bark of this kind is crushed and chipped, and it is sprayed with mist-like water so as to have a thickness appropriate for the slope condition, thereby forming a bark chip protective layer comprising a plurality of bark chip layers. At this time, the order of planting steps may be before or after the bark chip protective layer is applied. In particular, the flat plate-shaped protective member may not be provided on a gentle slope.

      This greening method is based on the relationship and form of the natural deciduous layer and seedlings. Bark chip protective layer consisting of coarsely pulverized and finely pulverized bark made of woody materials is used to transport bark chips with different size distributions to the working range (air compressor, air conveyor, duct) By using a hose, etc.) and mixing, spray the mist-like water in the same direction as the bark chip flow from the top so that the chip covers the water at the same time, so that the fallen leaves will pile up from 3 It is formed by stacking while moving the end of the duct hose within a predetermined range of five layers. The required thickness of the bark chip protection layer is set in the working range with the required number of check plates with scales that can be used as a guideline for the layer pressure. To form a porous bark chip protective layer.

      The bark chip protection layer on the formed slope has a porous structure with a coarsely pulverized layer having a chip length of 0.1 to 15 cm, and rainwater is dispersed in the bark chip protection layer. Since the flow of water is gentle, the flow of rainwater is controlled to prevent erosion of the slope, and the capillarity phenomenon is suppressed, so that the water retention capacity of the vegetation basement layer and the growth base layer is increased, and the activation by the increase of soil microorganisms is improved. Thus, the effect of promoting the growth of the plant can be obtained. The surface of the bark chip protective layer is dried over time, although it depends on the weather conditions, so that the flying seeds are less likely to germinate due to the replenishment of water, and can exert a herbicidal effect for a while after planting. . The bark chip protection layer formed on the entire area of the greening work area has an excellent heat retention effect, so it also has an effect of preventing frost heave, and can be applied to slopes in many areas in cold regions. In addition, it is known that cedar and cypress, which are one form of this raw material, are not easily decayed, have no plant growth inhibitory action, and the bark component is rich in extracts and has high physiological activity, and does not become an insect house. (See Non-Patent Document 1), and there is almost no damage caused by animals as compared with the case where wood chips made from other broad-leaved trees are sprayed, so this is a more preferable raw material in this construction method.

      Plant seedlings used in this greening method are collected from seeds of native trees and herbs, germinated from mineral seedlings from seedlings, managed to grow seedlings with no fertilizers, and irrigated and fertilized in the same way as natural weather conditions. Raise without management. The root system of plant seedlings managed in such a harsh environment penetrates deep into the growth base layer at an early stage without causing stress even in thin areas, and plays the role of a pile to stabilize slopes from deeper layers. do. In addition, the root system of the seedlings of the shallow-rooted plant lays in a net shape on the upper part of the soil of the growth base layer. By combining these plants in various ways as vegetation plants, the underground part stabilizes the slope three-dimensionally by binding the roots.

      The seedlings of plants used in this greening method are selected from the surrounding native trees and herbs, and the main constituent trees that form forests such as shii, tubs, oaks, and oaks, and birds and small animals such as ilex and soygo are gathered together. There are pioneering trees that grow first in wasteland such as feeding trees, komatsunagi, akamegasiwa, yabmurasaki, etc., and make soil for the growth of the main constituent trees, etc., select from these considering the surrounding vegetation environment as appropriate, Mixed and vegetated.

      The shape of the seedling used in this tree planting method depends on the shape of the pot, and the root is 3 cm to 15 cm in diameter and 10 cm to 30 cm in length. Etc. are preferable. Further, the height of the seedling of the plant to be vegetated is preferably within 30 centimeters. If it is larger than the above shape, a large planting hole or a support is required for the plant at the time of vegetation, and if it is small, there is a possibility that it is difficult to establish the vegetation due to insufficient root system growth.

The seedlings grown in the pot in this greening method are the seeds of native woods germinated from mineral seedlings from seedlings and managed to grow seedlings with no fertilizer, and when the leaves emerge, the diameter is 3 to 8 cm and the length is 10 Transplanted into a cylindrical or rectangular first pot of 30 to 30 centimeters , grown with non-fertilizer, and adapted to the first pot when the roots extend from the hole in the bottom of the first pot. It is a pot seedling made of a biodegradable material made by overlaying in a second pot made of a shape biodegradable material and removing the first pot so that the root system is not exposed to light or outside air , It is important to use pot seedlings that are grown and managed without fertilizer until planting in the vegetation base layer . Seedlings are then grown and managed in pots made of biodegradable materials until they are planted, with the main roots and supporting roots.

      Conventional tree seedlings used for vegetation (hereinafter referred to as pot seedlings) are germinated and rooted by methods such as cuttings, seedlings, and trapping trees. In order to increase the growth, it is common practice to cut the main roots and supporting roots to increase the number of absorption roots. In addition, pot seedlings are fertilized for the purpose of increasing tree height and leaf tension at an early stage, and the root system is in a state where the roots are in the pot called looping, and the soil base is improved because there are many root systems. If planted in the place, the survival rate is highly effective. However, in places where the soil is not fertile, such as steep slopes, pot seedlings where the root system and the tree height are not balanced may cause the root system to stress and stop growing unless fertilizer management is performed. Since the root system of the plant does not have a main root or a support root, it cannot penetrate deep into the soil of the growth base layer, and there is a risk of falling trees in the future, making it an unsuitable seedling for slope stability.

The flat protective member for laying the soil is preferably used on a slope such as a slope with a large slope, and the angle formed by the slope and the flat protective member is 60 to 90 degrees from the shoulder direction. The flat protective member is installed so that the longitudinal direction of the flat protective member has an angle smaller than 15 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction of the slope. As a result, it is possible to improve the prevention of outflow of the land, and by installing it at an angle, it is possible to smooth the flow of the rainwater and to reduce the erosion of the vegetated slope. In addition, for the soil, the wooden guards that have moved from the surrounding area by spreading out with a slope of less than 1: 5 from the top edge of the flat protective member to be installed toward the slope toward the top of the horizontal surface upward. Herbaceous seeds can be easily retained and restored to a slope close to conventional vegetation.
Embodiments of the greening method will be described below with reference to the drawings.

      FIG. 1 shows a method when the slope is steep. The flat protective member 1 was fixed with the anchor 2 and the soil 3 was put into a vegetation base layer 4. Disperse bark chips 5 and mist-like water 6 having different distributions of crushed cedar or cypress bark in the same direction as the flow of the bark chips 5 and covering the bark chips 5 from above. Then, bark chip protective layers 7 having different distributions in a rough layer and a fine layer were alternately formed on the growth base layer. Further, assuming a gentle slope, the same was carried out when the flat protective member 1 was not provided by planting the plant directly on the growth base layer 8.

    The seedlings of the plants that grow on the slopes are Yamazakura and other 150 seeds that germinate under natural conditions and when the true leaves come out, as shown in Fig. 2, a resin pot with a diameter of 6.5 cm and a length of 15 cm 10-1 transplanted using inorganic soil, managed to raise seedlings, and when the roots extended from the hole on the bottom of the pot, the pot 10-2, which is a biodegradable material slightly larger than the resin pot prepared in advance The resin pot 10-1 was removed while the root system was not exposed to light or outside air, and a potted seedling 9 as a biodegradable material was created. The seedling 9 in the pot, which is a biodegradable material vegetated on the slope, is grown and managed without fertilizer for 2 to 3 years after sowing, and the main root grows thick and straight, and the supporting root does not become solid and spreads naturally. I used what I had. These seedlings were vegetated directly on the vegetation base layer 4 or the growth base layer 8 together with the pots and could be easily operated. Subsequent management was to confirm the growth and appearance of the seedlings.

    The bark chip protective layer is a compressed air that has a capacity of 19 cubic meters per minute by crushing cedar bark to produce a mixture of coarsely pulverized and fine powder containing 5% by weight of fine powder of less than 0.1 centimeters. The bark pulverized material was supplied to a spraying place as a set of a machine, an air conveying machine having a suction diameter of 5 inches, and a 6-inch duct hose, transported to a spraying place, and sprayed on a cut slope having a slope gradient of 1: 1.0. When spraying bark chips, spray mist water 2 liters per minute in the same direction as the flow of the cedar bark chips 5 and cover the cedar bark chips 5 from the top, and the range where vegetation is performed Than the 6-layer cedar bark chip with different particle size distribution due to the gravity difference of the cedar bark chip 5 by repeatedly spraying the bark chip duct hose tip and the water spray hose tip 3 times to ensure a large area It was possible to produce a protective layer having a thickness of 4 centimeters to 7 centimeters with respect to a construction standard value of 5 centimeters (shown in FIG. 3). The bark chip protective layer thus formed had a thickness of 10 centimeters and had no problem with plant growth. The check board used for the thickness control of the bark chip protective layer was able to secure a uniform thickness by installing one check board at 20 square meters.

    As a result of performing a rooting test on the root system of the seedling 9 in a pot of biodegradable material that has been vegetated after 5 months have passed since the vegetation, a weight of 5 kg was pulled with a spring balance, and as a result, 84% of 50 specimens were pulled. No omissions were observed in. In addition, all the pot seedlings performed as a comparison were missing. It was found that the seedling 9 in a pot made of a biodegradable material having a main root and a supporting root has deep roots invaded into the vegetation base layer 4 and the growth base layer 8. It was confirmed that it has the same root system as the seedlings in nature.

    A mixture of 10 percent cypress bark and 90 percent cedar bark was crushed, transported, and sprayed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the coarsely crushed bark chip 11 first dropped, and the fine bark chip 12 was fogged. The bark chip protection layer 7 formed in 6 layers as shown in FIG. 3 is constructed by attaching the fine water bark chip 12 to the fine watered bark chip 12 and falling onto the coarsely pulverized bark chip 11. It was not scattered or washed away in the later wind and rain. In addition, cypress bark alone, cedar bark single, and cedar bark single crushed material that are not separated into coarsely pulverized and fine powder will not be scattered or washed away in the wind and rain after work. The result of the test was also as good as 84% or more.

As a result of screening tests on cedar or cypress bark chips 5, the particle size distribution of the crushed bark chips was 7% to 1% by weight of fine powder having a chip length of less than 0.1 cm, and the rest 0.1 cm. The coarsely pulverized product was not less than 15 meters and not less than 15 centimeters. In this range, the wind and rain after construction was not scattered or washed away, and the results of the rooting test were 84% or more.

    After planting seedlings 9 in a pot, which is a biodegradable material, on the slope, the cedar and cypress bark were crushed, transported and sprayed in the same manner as in Example 1, and as a result, cedar bark or cypress bark Due to the softness, there was no damage to the seedlings of the planted plant by spraying bark chips after vegetation, and the same effect was obtained as when seedlings were vegetated after spraying bark chips. In addition, there was no difference in the effect in places and areas where slope erosion due to rainfall and frost heave in winter were expected, such as during the rainy season. In addition, in the conventional method (wood chip spraying method) using the woody part of woody materials as a raw material, there is a decrease in the survival rate due to damage to the leaves and stems of the seedlings that were planted at the time of chip spraying, and seedlings were vegetated after spraying chips Differences were observed between cases.

    In an area where the work was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 and the thickness of the cedar bark chip protective layer was 5 centimeters, there was no damage due to frost heave even when the outside temperature in winter recorded 10 degrees below freezing.

      On slopes with slopes of 1: 0.8 and 1: 1.5, flat protective member 1 is 2 meters long, 17 centimeters high, and 3 centimeters thick. After the member 1 is installed at an angle of 10 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction of the slope, the longitudinal direction of the flat protective member 1 is set so that the angle formed by the member 1 is 60 to 90 degrees from the shoulder direction. Worked as in 1. As a result, rainwater that falls on the vegetated slope flows in a distributed manner within the vegetated area and penetrates into the porous bark chip protection layer, preventing damage to the slope and vegetation area and preventing erosion. did it. Furthermore, the bark was observed two years after the decomposition of the bark chip protective layer was started by laying and leveling the slope of 1: 5 toward the slope from the top of the flat protective member 1 where the soil was installed. Chips are gradually decomposed and soiling progresses, and the herbicidal effect diminishes, making it easy to germinate on the slope, and the appearance of native woody and herbaceous seeds that have come from the surrounding area and germinated. Observed. Gradually the vegetation transition began, confirming signs of recovery to the natural ecosystem.

It is sectional drawing of a present Example. It is explanatory drawing of the pot seedling of a present Example. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of a bark chip | tip protective layer.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Flat protective member 2 Anchor 3 Guest soil 4 Vegetation base layer 5 Bark chip 6 Mist-like water 7 Bark chip protective layer 8 Growth base layer 9 Potted seedling which is a biodegradable material 10-1 Resin pot 10- 2 Pot which is a biodegradable material 11 Coarse ground bark chips 12 Fine ground bark chips

Claims (3)

A method of planting a plant on a slope such as a slope of a steep slope and greening the slope, wherein the vegetation base layer or the growth base layer has bark chips with different chip lengths and mist-like water formed by crushing the bark. Without mixing with the bark chip from the nozzle mouth different from the bark chip, water is covered from the top in the same direction as the bark chip and sprayed simultaneously, so that multiple bark chip layers with different chip length distributions A method for greening a slope, comprising forming a protective layer on the slope. The method for greening a slope according to claim 1, wherein the bark chips for forming bark chip layers having different chip length distributions are coarsely pulverized products each having a chip length of 0.1 centimeters to 15 centimeters. A method for greening a slope, comprising a fine powder of less than 0.1 centimeter.

The method of revegetation of a slope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seedling of the plant that is vegetated on a slope such as a slope of a steep slope is a seedling of a native tree or a native herbaceous seed in an inorganic soil. More germinated, grown and managed with no fertilizer, and transplanted to a first cylindrical pot or a rectangular cylindrical pot having a diameter of 3 to 8 cm and a length of 10 to 30 cm when the true leaf comes out. When the roots extend from the hole on the bottom of the first pot, it is placed in a second pot made of a biodegradable material of a size and shape that fits the first pot, and is not exposed to light or outside air. The planting of the slope is characterized in that it is a pot seedling made of a biodegradable material produced by removing the first pot in this way, and managed by raising seedlings without fertilizer until planting in the vegetation basement layer Way .

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