JP2017100524A - ハイブリッド自動車 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド自動車 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017100524A JP2017100524A JP2015233892A JP2015233892A JP2017100524A JP 2017100524 A JP2017100524 A JP 2017100524A JP 2015233892 A JP2015233892 A JP 2015233892A JP 2015233892 A JP2015233892 A JP 2015233892A JP 2017100524 A JP2017100524 A JP 2017100524A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
- B60W10/115—Stepped gearings with planetary gears
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- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/11—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using model predictive control [MPC] strategies, i.e. control methods based on models predicting performance
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- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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Abstract
Description
エンジンと、
第1モータと、
少なくとも1つの遊星歯車を有し、回転要素に前記エンジンと前記第1モータと車軸に連結された駆動軸とが共線図において前記第1モータ,前記エンジン,前記駆動軸の順に並ぶように接続された遊星歯車装置と、
前記駆動軸に機械的に連結された第2モータと、
前記エンジンの回転を規制可能な回転規制機構と、
前記第1モータおよび前記第2モータと電力のやりとりを行なうバッテリと、
前記エンジンを回転状態として前記エンジンを運転しながら走行するハイブリッド走行モードと、前記エンジンを回転規制状態として前記エンジンを運転せずに少なくとも前記第2モータからのトルクによって走行する電動走行モードと、を含む複数の走行モードの何れかで、アクセル操作量に応じて前記駆動軸に要求される要求トルクを用いて走行するように前記エンジンと前記第1モータと前記第2モータとを制御する制御手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記電動走行モードにおいて、前記第2モータからのトルクだけによって走行する単駆動モードと前記第1モータおよび前記第2モータからのトルクによって走行する両駆動モードとのうち、前記要求トルクが前記単駆動モードで前記駆動軸に出力可能な第1最大トルク以下の選択閾値以下のときには、前記単駆動モードを選択し、前記要求トルクが前記選択閾値よりも大きいときには、前記両駆動モードを選択し、
更に、前記制御手段は、前記電動走行モードで前記要求トルクが始動閾値よりも大きくなったときには、前記第1モータからのトルクによって前記エンジンがクランキングされて始動されるように制御する、
ハイブリッド自動車であって、
前記電動走行モードで、前記要求トルクが前記選択閾値以下の第1値よりも大きくなった履歴があると共に現在の前記要求トルクが前記第1値以下の第2値以下である第1所定条件が成立したときに、前記始動閾値を、前記選択閾値よりも大きい第3値から、前記選択閾値以下で且つ前記第2値以上の第4値に切り替える始動閾値設定手段、
を備えることを要旨とする。
・エンジン22のクランクシャフト26の回転位置を検出するクランクポジションセンサ23からのクランク角θcr
・スロットルバルブのポジションを検出するスロットルバルブポジションセンサからのスロットル開度TH
・スロットルバルブのポジションを調節するスロットルモータへの駆動制御信号
・燃料噴射弁への駆動制御信号
・イグナイタと一体化されたイグニッションコイルへの駆動制御信号
・モータMG1,MG2の回転子の回転位置を検出する回転位置検出センサ43,44からの回転位置θm1,θm2
・モータMG1,MG2の各相に流れる電流を検出する電流センサからの相電流
・バッテリ50の端子間に設置された電圧センサ51aからの電池電圧Vb
・バッテリ50の出力端子に取り付けられた電流センサ51bからの電池電流Ib(バッテリ50から放電するときが正の値)
・バッテリ50に取り付けられた温度センサ51cからの電池温度Tb
・イグニッションスイッチ80からのイグニッション信号
・シフトレバー81の操作位置を検出するシフトポジションセンサ82からのシフトポジションSP
・アクセルペダル83の踏み込み量を検出するアクセルペダルポジションセンサ84からのアクセル開度Acc
・ブレーキペダル85の踏み込み量を検出するブレーキペダルポジションセンサ86からのブレーキペダルポジションBP
・車速センサ88からの車速V
Claims (4)
- エンジンと、
第1モータと、
少なくとも1つの遊星歯車を有し、回転要素に前記エンジンと前記第1モータと車軸に連結された駆動軸とが共線図において前記第1モータ,前記エンジン,前記駆動軸の順に並ぶように接続された遊星歯車装置と、
前記駆動軸に機械的に連結された第2モータと、
前記エンジンの回転を規制可能な回転規制機構と、
前記第1モータおよび前記第2モータと電力のやりとりを行なうバッテリと、
前記エンジンを回転状態として前記エンジンを運転しながら走行するハイブリッド走行モードと、前記エンジンを回転規制状態として前記エンジンを運転せずに少なくとも前記第2モータからのトルクによって走行する電動走行モードと、を含む複数の走行モードの何れかで、アクセル操作量に応じて前記駆動軸に要求される要求トルクを用いて走行するように前記エンジンと前記第1モータと前記第2モータとを制御する制御手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記電動走行モードにおいて、前記第2モータからのトルクだけによって走行する単駆動モードと前記第1モータおよび前記第2モータからのトルクによって走行する両駆動モードとのうち、前記要求トルクが前記単駆動モードで前記駆動軸に出力可能な第1最大トルク以下の選択閾値以下のときには、前記単駆動モードを選択し、前記要求トルクが前記選択閾値よりも大きいときには、前記両駆動モードを選択し、
更に、前記制御手段は、前記電動走行モードで前記要求トルクが始動閾値よりも大きくなったときには、前記第1モータからのトルクによって前記エンジンがクランキングされて始動されるように制御する、
ハイブリッド自動車であって、
前記電動走行モードで、前記要求トルクが前記選択閾値以下の第1値よりも大きくなった履歴があると共に現在の前記要求トルクが前記第1値以下の第2値以下である第1所定条件が成立したときに、前記始動閾値を、前記選択閾値よりも大きい第3値から、前記選択閾値以下で且つ前記第2値以上の第4値に切り替える始動閾値設定手段、
を備えるハイブリッド自動車。 - 請求項1記載のハイブリッド自動車であって、
前記第3値は、前記両駆動モードで前記駆動軸に出力可能な第2最大トルクよりも大きい値である、
ハイブリッド自動車。 - 請求項1または2記載のハイブリッド自動車であって、
前記始動閾値設定手段は、前記始動閾値を前記第4値に切り替えた後に、前記電動走行モードで、車速が所定車速を跨いで低下した車速条件,前記要求トルクが前記第2値以下である状態が第1所定時間に亘って継続したトルク条件,前記始動閾値を前記第4値に切り替えてから第2所定時間が経過した時間条件の少なくとも1つが成立したときに、前記始動閾値を前記第3値に切り替える、
ハイブリッド自動車。 - 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つの請求項に記載のハイブリッド自動車であって、
前記制御手段は、前記ハイブリッド走行モードで前記要求トルクが前記第4値以下の第5値以下に至ったときには、前記エンジンが停止されるように制御し、
前記始動閾値設定手段は、前記要求トルクが前記第1値よりも大きい状態が第3所定時間に亘って継続した第2所定条件が成立したときには、前記第1所定条件が成立していなくても、前記始動閾値を前記第3値から前記第4値に切り替える、
ハイブリッド自動車。
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US11121650B2 (en) * | 2019-11-17 | 2021-09-14 | Michael L Froelich | Direct current motor combinations for electric vehicles |
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US10086821B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
US20170151939A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
CN107054048B (zh) | 2019-05-07 |
JP6288055B2 (ja) | 2018-03-07 |
CN107054048A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
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