JP2016538706A - 液体燃料cpox改質器と燃料セルの統合システム、及び電気を生成する方法 - Google Patents
液体燃料cpox改質器と燃料セルの統合システム、及び電気を生成する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016538706A JP2016538706A JP2016553227A JP2016553227A JP2016538706A JP 2016538706 A JP2016538706 A JP 2016538706A JP 2016553227 A JP2016553227 A JP 2016553227A JP 2016553227 A JP2016553227 A JP 2016553227A JP 2016538706 A JP2016538706 A JP 2016538706A
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- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年11月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/900,529号明細書の出願日の優先権と利益を享受し、その開示の全体の内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
前述に照らして、本教示は、液体燃料CPOX改質器と燃料セルの統合システム(本明細書では、「改質器‐燃料セルシステム」とも呼ばれる及び関連する変形)、及び水素リッチ改質油を生成するために液体改質可能燃料のCPOX改質を行い且つ前記水素リッチ改質油を電気に電気化学的に変換する方法を提供し、これらのシステム及び方法は、最先端技術の欠点及び/又は不利益点の一つ以上に対処できる。例えば、本教示の統合改質器‐燃料セルシステム及び方法は、全体として、フラッシング又は「逃げる」熱事象が液体燃料CPOX改質器セクション又はCPOX改質動作において生じる機会や傾向が殆ど無い又はないこと、及び液体燃料CPOX改質器又はCPOX改質において過剰に高いCPOX反応温度がないこと、及び/又はガスストリームの経路指定及びガス流コンポーネント及び液体燃料CPOX改質器セクション及び/又は統合改質器‐燃料セルシステムの通路の全体を通して低い背圧を提供する。
a)スタートアップモードにおいて:
(i)酸素含有ガス及び気化された液体改質可能燃料を含む加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物を複数の互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットの各々のインレットに導入すること、各反応器ユニットがガス状CPOX反応混合物のインレットと水素リッチ改質油のアウトレットを有する細長いチューブを備えること、内表面と外表面を有する壁であって、前記壁は、中に配置されたCPOX触媒及び/又はCPOX触媒の構造体有する前記壁の少なくとも一セクションで開口ガス状流通路を囲むこと、そのような触媒含有壁セクションとそれによって囲まれた開口ガス流通路がガス相CPOX反応ゾーンを画定すること、触媒含有壁セクションが、CPOX反応状態下で安定したままであると共にガス状CPOX反応混合物を中に拡散させ且つ生成物水素リッチ改質油をそこから拡散させるようにガス透過可能であること;
(ii)CPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内で加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物のCPOX改質を開始して、それによって水素リッチ改質油の生成を開始すること;
(iii)ステップ(ii)で生成された水素リッチ改質油を、改質油が燃料セルユニットのアノードコンポーネントと接触するように少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットを備える燃料セルに搬送すると同時に酸素含有ガスを、そのガスが燃料セルユニットのカソードコンポーネントと接触するように燃料セルに搬送することであって、改質油が燃料セルユニット内で変換を受けて電気を生成すること;及び
b)定常状態モードにおいて:
(iv)加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること、
(v)ステップ(iv)に先立って、又はステップ(iv)中に、又はステップ(iv)に続いて、CPOX開始ステップ(ii)を中断すると共にCPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内でCPOX反応を維持して、それによって、水素リッチ改質油の生産を継続すること、及び
(vi)ステップ(v)で生成された水素リッチ改質油を前記少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットのアノードコンポーネントに搬送すると同時に酸素含有ガスを前記少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニのカソードコンポーネントに搬送することであって、改質油が燃料セルユニット内で変換を受け続けて電気を生成すること、を含む。
例えば、ガス状改質可能燃料は、最初にCPOX反応を開始し且つシステムの他のコンポーネントを加熱するために使用されることができる。CPOX反応は、CPOX反応器ユニット内で生じることができる。しかしながら、CPOX反応は、酸素含有ガス源のインレット及びガス状改質可能燃料源のインレットから下流で(主)コンジット内で生じることができる。例えば、コンジットは、ガス状改質可能燃料のためのインレット、及びガス状改質可能燃料のインレット及び酸素含有ガスインレットから下流で且つ気化器のアウトレットから上流にCPOX触媒含有セクションを含むことができる。そのような設計及び動作において、改質器システムにおける早期のCPOX反応は、改質器及びその様々なコンポーネントの迅速で効率的な熱スタートアップを促進する。
a)水素リッチ改質油を生成するために液体改質可能燃料を利用する液体燃料CPOX改質器セクションを備え、その改質器セクションは:
複数の互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットであって、各反応器ユニットは、ガス状CPOX反応混合物用のインレット、水素リッチ改質油用のアウトレット、内表面と外表面を有する壁を有する細長いチューブを備えること、この壁は中に配置されたCPOX触媒を有する及び/又はCPOX触媒の構造体を備える壁の少なくとも一セクションで開口ガス流通路を囲むこと、そのような触媒含有壁セクションとそれによって囲まれる開口ガス流通路がガス相CPOX反応ゾーンを画定すること、触媒含有壁セクションは、CPOX反応状態下で安定したままであると共にガス状CPOX反応混合物が中に拡散されることができ且つ生産物水素リッチ改質油がそこから拡散されることができるためにガス透過可能であること;液体改質可能燃料を気化するための気化器、を備え;及び
b)改質器セクション(a)で生成された水素リッチ改質油を電気に電気化学的に変換するための燃料セクションを備え、その燃料セルセクションは:
少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットであって、その燃料セルユニットは、アノードコンポーネント、カソードコンポーネント及びアノードコンポーネントとカソードコンポーネントとの間に配置された電解質コンポーネント、改質器セクション(a)で生成された水素リッチ改質油のためのインレットと通路であって、そのインレットと通路は、燃料セルユニットのアノードコンポーネントに改質油を搬送するように構成されること、酸素含有ガス用のインレットと通路であって、そのインレットと通路は、そのようなガスが燃料セルユニットのカソードコンポーネントへ搬送するように構成されること、及びテールガス用のアウトレットを備えること、及び
少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットのアノードコンポーネントとカソードコンポーネントに電気的に連結する少なくとも一つの電流コレクタ、を含むことができる。
a)スタートアップモードにおいて、
(i)複数のCPOX反応器ユニットの各々のインレットに向けてガスを経路指定するためのコンジットへ酸素含有ガスを導入すること、コンジットは、酸素含有ガス用のインレット、液体改質可能燃料用のインレット、CPOX反応器ユニットのインレットとガス流連通状態にある、加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物用のアウトレットを備えること、各CPOX反応器ユニットは、ガス状CPOX反応混合物用のインレット、水素リッチ改質油用のアウトレット、内表面と外表面を有する壁を有する細長いチューブを備えること、前記壁は中に配置されたCPOX触媒を有する及び/又はCPOX触媒の構造体を備える壁の少なくとも一セクションで開口ガス流通路を囲むこと、そのような触媒含有壁セクション及びその壁セクションで囲まれる開口ガス流通路は、ガス相CPOX反応ゾーンを画定すること、触媒含有壁セクションは、CPOX反応状態下で構造的に安定でありながら、ガス状CPOX反応混合物をその中に拡散させることができ且つ水素リッチ生成物改質油をそこから拡散させることができるようにガス透過可能であること、
(ii)酸素含有ガスを加熱すること、
(iii)液体改質可能燃料をコンジットに導入すること、
(iv)コンジットに導入された液体改質可能燃料を気化することであって、気化された燃料は、加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物を提供するためにステップ(ii)からの加熱された酸素含有ガスと組み合わされること、
(v)ステップ(iv)からの加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること、及び
(vi)CPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内でガス状CPOX反応混合物のCPOXを開始し、それによって、水素リッチ改質油の生成を開始すること、及び
(vii)ステップ(vi)で生成された水素リッチ改質油が燃料セルユニットのアノードコンポーネントと接触するようにその改質油を少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットに搬送すると同時に酸素含有ガスが燃料セルユニットのカソードコンポーネントと接触するようにその酸素含有ガスを燃料セルユニットに搬送すること、改質油が電気を生成するために燃料セルユニット内で変換を受けること;及び
b)定常モードにおいて:
(viii)酸素含有ガスをコンジットに導入することであって、酸素含有ガスは、それのコンジットへの導入に先立って又はその後に加熱されていること、
(ix)液体改質可能燃料をコンジットに導入すること、
(x)液体改質可能燃料を気化することであって、気化された燃料は、加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物を提供するために、ステップ(viii)からの加熱された酸素含有ガスと組み合わされること、
(xi)ステップ(x)からの加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること、
(xii)ステップ(xi)に先立って、又はステップ(xi)中に又はステップ(xi)に続いて開始ステップ(vi)を中断すると共にCPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内でのCPOX反応を維持して、それによって、水素リッチ改質油の生成を続けること、及び
(xiii)ステップ(xii)で生成された水素リッチ改質油を前記少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットのアノードコンポーネントに搬送すると同時に酸素含有ガスを前記少なくとも一つの燃料セルユニットのカソードコンポーネントに搬送することであって、改質油は、電気を生成するために燃料セルユニット内で変換を受けることを続けること、を含むことができる。
Claims (17)
- 液体燃料CPOX改質器であって:
互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットのアレイであって、各CPOX反応器ユニットは、内表面と外表面を有するガス透過可能壁を有する細長いチューブを備えること、前記ガス透過可能壁は、開口ガス流通路を囲むと共に前記CPOX反応器ユニットのインレットとアウトレットを画定すること、
一つのCPOX反応器ユニットは、前記アレイの少なくとも前記隣接するCPOX反応器ユニット(単数又は複数)と熱流通状態にあること、及び
前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一セクションは、CPOX触媒を備えること;
前記CPOX反応器ユニットのインレットと流体連通状態にある気化器;
少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX触媒を備える前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一セクションと熱連通状態にある点火器;
アノード、カソード、及び前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に配置される電解質を備える燃料セルユニットであって、前記アノードは、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの前記アウトレットと流体連通状態にあり且つ前記カソードは、酸素含有ガスと流体連通状態にあること;及び
前記燃料セルユニットの前記アノードと前記カソードに電気的に連結される電流コレクタ、を備える液体燃料CPOX改質器。 - 水素バリアが、一つのCPOX反応器ユニットの少なくとも前記CPOX触媒含有壁セクションの前記外側表面と関連する請求項1に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 互いに隣接するCPOX反応器ユニット間の最大距離は、CPOX反応が、動作しているCPOX反応器ユニットにおけるCPOX反応からの熱によって隣のCPOX反応器ユニットで開始されることに失敗しない及び/又は動作の定常状態モード中に、互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットの前記アレイの温度が所定の最小アレイ温度未満に降下しない距離であり;且つ、互いに隣接するCPOX反応器ユニット間の最小距離は、CPOX反応器ユニットのアウトレットでの前記温度が所定の最大温度よりも大きくない距離である請求項1又は2に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 前記CPOX触媒は、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの前記壁内に配置される、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの前記壁の内側表面上に配置される、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの前記壁の前記構造体を部分的に又は完全に形成する、又は前記配置及び前記形成の組合せである請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 前記気化器と流体連通状態にある第1の酸素含有ガス源と前記気化器の下流の混合ゾーンと流体連通状態にある第2の酸素含有ガス源を備える請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- ブランチコンジットを有する酸素含有ガスコンジットを備え、前記酸素含有ガスコンジットは、酸素含有ガス源と前記気化器との間に流体連通を提供し且つ前記ブランチコンジットは、前記酸素含有ガス源と前記気化器の下流の混合ゾーンとの間に流体連通を提供し、前記酸素含有ガスコンジットと前記ブランチコンジットは、酸素含有ガス源からの酸素含有ガスの送出を前記気化器と前記気化器の下流の前記混合ゾーンに分割する請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 前記気化器のアウトレットから下流に位置される酸素含有ガスインレットとガス状CPOX反応混合物アウトレットを備えるコンジットを備え、前記コンジットは、前記酸素含有ガスインレットと前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物アウトレットとの間に流体連通を提供し、前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物アウトレットは、前記CPOX反応器ユニットのインレットと流体連通状態にあること;
前記コンジットの前記酸素含有ガスインレットと流体連通状態にあるガス状改質可能燃料用のインレット;
前記ガス状改質可能燃料インレットと前記酸素含有ガスインレットとの下流であって且つ前記気化器の前記アウトレットの上流のCPOX触媒含有セクションを備える請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。 - 前記気化器は、燃料拡散器を備える又は燃料拡散器である請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 請求項1の前記液体燃料CPOX改質器を使用して液体改質可能燃料を水素リッチ改質油にCPOX改質を行う方法であって、前記方法は:
気化された液体改質可能燃料を含むガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットの前記インレットに導入すること;
少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいて水素リッチ改質油の生成を開始するために前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を開始すること;及び
前記少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいて前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を維持することであって、前記少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットの前記ガス透過可能CPOX触媒含有壁セクションによって、ガス状CPOX反応混合物が前記壁セクション内に拡散されることができ且つ生産物水素リッチ改質油が前記壁セクションから拡散されることができることを含む方法。 - 水素バリアが、一つのCPOX反応器ユニットの少なくとも前記CPOX触媒含有壁セクションの外側表面と関連する請求項9に記載の方法。
- 触媒部分酸化を開始することは:
一つのCPOX反応器ユニット内でCPOX反応を開始すること;及び
中でCPOX反応を開始するために前記CPOX反応からの熱を1つの隣のCPOX反応器ユニットへ伝達することを含む請求項9又は10に記載の方法。 - 酸素含有ガスは、前記気化器の下流であって且つCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットの上流で前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物に導入される請求項9乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CPOXを開始することは、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの各々において前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物のCPOXを開始するために二つ以上の単一の点火器を始動することを含み、
前記点火器の数は、CPOX反応器ユニットの数未満である請求項9乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記気化器の前記アウトレットの上流で酸素含有ガスの前記ストリーム及び/又は加熱された酸素含有ガスの前記ストリームを前記コンジット内に及び/又は前記コンジットと熱連通状態に配置された熱調整アセンブリで加熱すること及び/又は冷却することを含む請求項9乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項7の前記液体燃料CPOX改質器を使用してガス状改質可能燃料を水素リッチ改質油にCPOX改質を行う方法であって、前記方法は:
ガス状改質可能燃料を含むガス状CPOX反応混合物を前記CPOX触媒含有セクションから上流の前記コンジット内に導入すること;
少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいて水素リッチ改質油の生成を開始するために前記ガス状改質可能燃料を含む前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を開始すること;及び
前記ガス状改質可能燃料を含む前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を維持することを含む方法。 - 同じCPOX改質器において、液体改質可能燃料のCPOX改質に先立って、それと同時に又はそれに続いて実行される請求項15に記載の方法。
- 燃料セルユニット内で前記水素リッチ改質油を電気へ変換することは:
前記水素リッチ改質油を固体酸化物燃料セルの前記アノードと接触させること;及び
酸素含有ガスを前記燃料セルの前記カソードと接触させることを含む請求項9乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US9627700B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
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US20160254557A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
AU2014346836B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
WO2015069754A4 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
JP6835365B2 (ja) | 2021-02-24 |
KR20160081918A (ko) | 2016-07-08 |
WO2015069754A3 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
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EP3065855B1 (en) | 2022-06-29 |
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CA3048570A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
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