JP6231697B2 - 液体燃料cpox改質器及びcpox改質の方法 - Google Patents
液体燃料cpox改質器及びcpox改質の方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6231697B2 JP6231697B2 JP2016553226A JP2016553226A JP6231697B2 JP 6231697 B2 JP6231697 B2 JP 6231697B2 JP 2016553226 A JP2016553226 A JP 2016553226A JP 2016553226 A JP2016553226 A JP 2016553226A JP 6231697 B2 JP6231697 B2 JP 6231697B2
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Description
本願は、2013年11月6日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/900,510号明細書の出願日の優先権と利益を享受し、その開示の全体の内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
上記に照らして、本教示は、現状の技術の欠陥及び/不利な点の一つ以上を処理できる、例えば、フラッシングが生じる機会や傾向がほとんどない又は全くない、過剰に高いCPOX反応温度が無い、及び/又はガスのストリームの経路指定、ガスの流れのコンポーネント及び通路の全ての全体にわたって低背圧である液体燃料CPOX改質器及び液体燃料のCPOX改質の方法を提供する。
a)スタートアップモードにおいて:
(i)酸素含有ガス及び気化された液体改質可能燃料を含む加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物を複数の互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットの各々のインレットに導入すること、各反応器ユニットは、内表面と外表面を有する壁を有する細長いチューブを備えること、前記壁は、中に配置されたCPOX触媒を有する、CPOX触媒の構造体又はCPOX触媒の組合せを含む前記壁の少なくとも一セクションで開口ガス流通路を囲むこと、そのような触媒含有壁セクションとそれによって囲まれた開口ガス流通路がガス相CPOX反応ゾーンを画定すること、触媒含有壁セクションが、CPOX反応条件下で安定したままであると共にガス状CPOX反応混合物を中に拡散させ且つ生成物改質油をそこから拡散させるようにガス透過可能であること、
(ii)CPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内で加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物のCPOX改質を開始してそれによって水素リッチ改質油の生産を開始すること;及び、
b)定常状態モードにおいて:
(iii)加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること、
(iv)以下のステップ(iii)に先立って、又はそのステップ中に、CPOX開始ステップ(ii)を中断すること、及び
(v)CPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内でCPOX反応を維持し、それによって、ガス状水素リッチ改質油の製造を継続することを備える。
a)スタートアップモードにおいて:
(i)複数のCPOX反応器ユニットの各々のインレットに向けてガスを経路指定するためのコンジットに酸素含有ガスを導入すること、前記コンジットは、酸素含有ガスのためのインレット、液体改質可能燃料のためのインレット及びCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットとガス流連通状態にある加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物のためのアウトレットを備えること、各CPOX反応器ユニットは、内表面と外表面を有する壁を有する細長いチューブを備えること、前記壁は、中に配置されるCPOX触媒を有する前記壁の少なくとも一セクションで開口ガス流通路を囲む及び/又はその構造を備えること、それによって囲まれた、そのような触媒含有壁セクションと開口ガス流通路は、ガス相CPOX反応ゾーンを画定すること、触媒含有壁セクションは、CPOX反応状態下で構造的に安定したままであると共に、ガス状CPOX反応混合物がその中で拡散でき且つ生成物改質油がそこから拡散できるようにガス透過可能であること、
(ii)前記酸素含有ガスを加熱すること、
(iii)液体改質可能燃料を前記コンジットに導入すること、
(iv)前記コンジットに導入された前記液体改質可能燃料を気化すること、前記気化された燃料が加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物を提供するためにステップ(ii)からの加熱された酸素含有ガスと組み合わされること、
(v)ステップ(iv)からの加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること、及び
(vi)CPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内で前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物のCPOXを開始して、それによって、水素リッチ改質油の生産を開始すること;及び
b)定常状態モードにおいて:
(vii)酸素含有ガスを前記コンジットに導入すること、前記酸素含有ガスは、前記酸素含有ガスの前記コンジットへの導入に先立って又はそれに続いて前記少なくとも一つの熱源の動作及び熱的にリンクされた熱伝達ゾーンによって既に加熱されていること、
(viii)液体改質可能燃料を前記コンジットに導入すること、
(ix)前記液体改質可能燃料を気化すること、前記気化された燃料は、加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物を提供するために、ステップ(vii)からの加熱された酸素含有ガスと組み合わされること、
(x)ステップ(ix)からの加熱されたガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること、
(xi)ステップ(ix)に先立って、又はステップ(ix)中に、又はステップ(ix)に続いて、開始ステップ(vi)を中断すること、及び
(xii)CPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX反応ゾーン内で前記CPOX反応を維持して、それによって、水素リッチ改質油の生産を継続することを含む。
目標のガス圧とガス流の大部分、例えば、目標のガス圧とガス流の約60%から約90%までを提供するために遠心ブロワーシステムのような相互接続された一連のブロワーにおける一つ以上のブロワーユニットを制御することによって、目標のガス圧とガス流の残りの部分がそのシステムの一つ以上の他のブロワーユニットによって提供されることができる。目標のガス流とガス圧をCPOX改質器へ提供するタスクを、デュアル遠心ブロワーシステムのような少なくとも二つの一体化された、即ち、相互接続された遠心ブロワー間でスプリットすることの結果は、そのような流れと圧力が単一の遠心ブロワーユニットで可能であるものよりも短い時間で且つより大きな精度で達成されることになる。加えて、電力引込みとノイズレベルは、ブロワーインペラーがそれらの動作のために高いrpmを必要としないので、遠心ブロワーシステムにおいて低くなり得る。
Claims (15)
- 液体燃料CPOX改質器であって:
互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットのアレイであって、各CPOX反応器ユニットが、内表面と外表面を有するガス透過可能壁を有する細長いチューブを備えること、前記ガス透過可能壁が、開口ガス流通路を囲むと共に前記CPOX反応器ユニットのインレットとアウトレット画定すること、
一つのCPOX反応器ユニットが、前記アレイの少なくとも隣の前記CPOX反応器ユニット(単数又は複数)と熱連通状態にあること、及び
前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一つのセクションが、CPOX触媒を備えること;
前記CPOX反応器ユニットのインレットと流体連通状態の気化器;及び
少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットのCPOX触媒を備える前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一つのセクションと熱連通状態の点火器、を備える液体燃料CPOX改質器。 - 水素バリアが、一つのCPOX反応器ユニットの少なくとも前記CPOX触媒含有壁セクションの前記外表面と関連する請求項1に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 隣り合うCPOX反応器ユニット間の最大距離は、CPOX反応が、動作中のCPOX反応器ユニットにおけるCPOX反応からの熱によって隣のCPOX反応器ユニットで開始されることに失敗しない及び/又は動作の定常状態モード中に、互いに離間されたCPOX反応器ユニットの前記アレイの温度が所定の最小アレイ温度未満に低下しない距離であり;隣り合うCPOX反応器ユニット間の最小距離は、CPOX反応器ユニットのアウトレットでの温度が所定の最大温度を越えることがない距離である請求項1又は2に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 前記気化器と流体連通状態の第1の酸素含有ガス源と前記気化器の下流の混合ゾーンと流体連通状態の第2の酸素含有ガス源を備える請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- ブランチコンジットを有する酸素含有ガスコンジットを備え、前記酸素含有ガスコンジットは、酸素含有ガス源と前記気化器との間に流体連通を提供し、且つ前記ブランチコンジットは、前記酸素含有ガス源と前記気化器の下流の混合ゾーンとの間で流体連通を提供し、前記酸素含有ガスコンジットと前記ブランチコンジットは、前記酸素含有ガス源から前記気化器及び前記気化器の下流の前記混合ゾーンへの酸素含有ガスの送給を分割する請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 酸素含有ガスインレットと、前記気化器のアウトレットの下流に位置されるガス状CPOX反応混合物アウトレットを備えるコンジットであって、前記コンジットは、前記酸素含有ガスインレットと前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物アウトレットとの間に流体連通を提供すること、及び前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物アウトレットは、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの前記インレットと流体連通状態にあること;
前記コンジットの前記酸素含有ガスインレットと流体連通状態にある、ガス状改質可能燃料のためのインレット;及び
前記ガス状改質可能燃料インレットと前記酸素含有ガスインレットから下流で且つ前記気化器の前記アウトレットの上流のCPOX触媒含有セクションを備える請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。 - 前記気化器は、燃料散布器を備える又は燃料散布器である請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の液体燃料CPOX改質器。
- 請求項1の前記液体燃料CPOX改質器を使用して液体改質可能燃料を水素リッチ改質油にCPOX改質する方法であって、前記方法は:
気化された液体改質可能燃料を含むガス状CPOX反応混合物をCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットに導入すること;
少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいて水素リッチ改質油の生産を開始するために、前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を開始すること;及び
前記少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいて前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を維持することであり、前記少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットの前記ガス透過可能CPOX触媒含有壁セクションは、ガス状CPOX反応混合物が中で拡散されて生産物水素リッチ改質油がそこから拡散されることを可能とすること、を含む方法。 - 水素バリアが、一つのCPOX反応器ユニットの少なくとも前記CPOX触媒含有壁セクションの前記外表面と関連する請求項8に記載の方法。
- 触媒部分酸化を開始することは:
一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいてCPOX反応を開始すること;及び
前記CPOX反応からの熱を一つの隣のCPOX反応器ユニットに伝達して中でCPOX反応を開始することを含む請求項8又は9に記載の方法。 - 酸素含有ガスは、前記気化器から下流で且つCPOX反応器ユニットのインレットから上流で前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物に導入される請求項8乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- CPOXを開始することは、前記CPOX反応器ユニットの各々において二つ以上の点火器を始動して前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物のCPOXを開始することを含み、前記点火器の数が前記CPOX反応器ユニットの数よりも少ない請求項8乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記気化器のアウトレットの上流で、酸素含有ガスのストリーム及び/又は加熱された酸素含有ガスのストリームをコンジット内に配置された及び/又はコンジットと熱連通状態にある熱調整アセンブリで加熱する及び/又は冷却することを含む請求項8乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項6の前記液体燃料CPOX改質器を使用してガス状改質可能燃料を水素リッチ改質油にCPOX改質する方法であって、前記方法は:
ガス状改質可能燃料を含むガス状CPOX反応混合物を前記CPOX触媒含有セクションから上流の前記コンジットに導入すること;
少なくとも一つのCPOX反応器ユニットにおいて水素リッチ改質油の生産を開始するために、前記ガス状改質可能燃料を含む前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を、前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一つのセクションの構造内に配置されたCPOX触媒、及び/又は前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一つのセクションの構造を含むCPOX触媒において開始することと;及び
前記ガス状改質可能燃料を含む前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化を、前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一つのセクションの構造内に配置されたCPOX触媒、及び/又は前記ガス透過可能壁の少なくとも一つのセクションの構造を含むCPOX触媒において維持することを含む方法。 - 前記ガス状CPOX反応混合物の触媒部分酸化が、同じCPOX改質器内で液体改質可能燃料のCPOX改質に先行して、又はそれと同時に又はそれに続いて実行される請求項14に記載の方法。
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