JP2016519617A - 三元触媒を備えるフィルター基材 - Google Patents
三元触媒を備えるフィルター基材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016519617A JP2016519617A JP2016505890A JP2016505890A JP2016519617A JP 2016519617 A JP2016519617 A JP 2016519617A JP 2016505890 A JP2016505890 A JP 2016505890A JP 2016505890 A JP2016505890 A JP 2016505890A JP 2016519617 A JP2016519617 A JP 2016519617A
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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Abstract
Description
見掛けのエンジン空燃比/化学量論的なエンジン空燃比(1)
に従って規定することができ、
ここで、1のラムダ値は、化学量論的に釣り合っている(または化学量論的な)排気ガス組成を表しており、ここで、>1のラムダ値は、過剰なO2及びNOxを表していて、組成が「リーン」であると記述され、ここで、<1のラムダ値は、過剰なHC及びCOを表していて、組成が「リッチ」であると記述される。エンジンが動作する空燃比が、当該空燃比が生み出す排気ガス組成に応じて、したがって、化学量論的に動作するガソリンエンジンであるかリーンバーンガソリンエンジンであるかに応じて、「化学量論的な」、「リーン」または「リッチ」と呼ばれることもまた、当技術分野では一般的である。
(i)10μm未満の空気力学的直径のPM10粒子、
(ii)2.5μm未満の直径の微粒子(PM2.5)、
(iii)0.1μm(または100nm)未満の直径の超微粒子、及び
(iv)50nm未満の直径を特徴とするナノ粒子。
(i)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコートの比表面積が大きく、または、
(ii)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコート担持量もウォッシュコートの比表面積も大きい、
触媒加工フィルターを提供する。
(i)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコートの比表面積が大きく、または、
(ii)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコート担持量もウォッシュコートの比表面積も大きい、
方法を提供する。
118.4×101.6mmの寸法で、300セル毎平方インチで、1000分の12インチの壁厚で、20μmの平均細孔径及び65%の多孔度を有する、コージエライト製ウォールフロー型(ハニカム)フィルターに、ウォッシュコート合計担持量が85g/ft3(80Pd:5Rh)から2.4g/in3までという貴金属担持量を含むTWCウォッシュコート組成物を均一に(すなわち、入口流路と出口流路の両方に)コーティング加工した。施用時のコーティングが、ウォールフロー型フィルター壁の表面(「壁上」)のところでより多くなるように優先的に位置付けられると予想されるものになるように、いずれの場合においても、TWC組成物をd90<17μmになるまで粉砕処理した。提示したウォッシュコート担持量は、国際公開第2011/080525号で開示された方法を用いて実現しており、すなわち、(i)ハニカム形モノリス基材を実質的に垂直に保持するステップ、(ii)基材の下側端部にある流路の開放端部を経由させて、ある所定体積の液体を基材中に導入するステップ、(iii)導入された液体を基材内部に密封状態で保持するステップ、(iv)保持された液体を内包する基材を反転させるステップ、及び(v)反転させた基材の下側端部にある基材流路の開放端部に真空を適用して、基材の流路に沿って液体を抜き出すステップを含む、方法を用いて実現した。
新鮮なTWCコーティング付きフロースルー型モノリス基材及び新鮮なTWCコーティング付きフィルターを、表1に記載の構成のうちの一つになっていて作業台に据え付けられたV8式4リットル直噴ガソリンエンジンの排気システム内で、エンジンによって経時変化させた。
Claims (20)
- ポジティブ点火式内燃エンジンから排出され一または複数の触媒毒を含む排気ガスから粒子状物質をろ過するための触媒加工フィルターであって、
基材全長を有し入口表面及び出口表面を有する多孔質基材を備え、
前記入口表面が、第1の平均細孔径を持つ細孔を内包する多孔質構造によって出口表面から隔てられており、
前記多孔質基材が、複数の固体粒子を含むウォッシュコートでコーティング加工されており、
ウォッシュコートされた前記多孔質基材の前記多孔質構造が、第2の平均細孔径を持つ細孔を内包し、
ここで、前記第2の平均細孔径が、前記第1の平均細孔径より小さく、
前記ウォッシュコートが、前記基材全長より短い第1の基材長さを持つ前記入口表面を含む第1の区域及び前記基材全長より短い第2の基材長さを持つ前記出口表面を含む第2の区域として、前記多孔質基材上で軸方向に配列されており、
前記第1の区域中の基材長さと前記第2の区域中の基材長さとの合計が100%以上であり、
少なくとも前記第2の区域の前記ウォッシュコートが、大表面積卑金属酸化物上に担持された一または複数の貴金属と、酸素貯蔵成分とを含む、三元触媒ウォッシュコートであり、
ここで、
(i)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコートの比表面積が大きく、または、
(ii)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコート担持量もウォッシュコートの比表面積も大きい、
触媒加工フィルター。 - 前記第1の区域中のウォッシュコートの比表面積が、任意選択で安定化されているアルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、セリア、任意選択でドープされているセリア−ジルコニア複合酸化物、任意選択でドープされているセリア−ジルコニア混合酸化物及びゼオライトのうち一または複数によってもたらされている、請求項1による触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記第1の区域中の比表面積が、50m2/gより大きい、請求項1または2に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記第1の区域中のウォッシュコート担持量が、1.60gin−3より大きい、請求項1または2または3に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記第1の区域中の基材長さが、前記第2の区域中の基材長さより短い、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記第1の区域中の基材長さが、前記基材全長の45%より短い、請求項5に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記第1の区域中の貴金属合計担持量が、前記第2の区域中の貴金属担持量より小さい、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記第1の区域中の貴金属合計担持量が、50gft−3より小さい、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記一または複数の貴金属が、
(i)白金及びロジウム、
(ii)パラジウム及びロジウム、
(iii)白金、パラジウム及びロジウム、
(iv)パラジウム単独、並びに
(v)ロジウム単独からなる群より選択される、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。 - 表面ウォッシュコートを備え、
ウォッシュコート層が前記多孔質構造の表面細孔を実質的に覆っており、
ウォッシュコートされた前記多孔質基材の前記細孔が、前記ウォッシュコート中にある粒子の間の空間(粒子間細孔)によって部分的に画定されている、
請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。 - 前記ウォッシュコートが、前記多孔質基材の前記多孔質構造内部に実質的に位置する、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 固体状ウォッシュコート粒子の平均粒度が、1μmから40μmまでの範囲である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 固体状ウォッシュコート粒子のD90が、0.1μmから20μmまでの範囲である、請求項10または11または12に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 前記多孔質基材が、ウォールフロー型フィルターである、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 未コーティング加工の前記多孔質基材が、40%より大きい多孔度を有する、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 未コーティング加工の前記多孔質基材の前記多孔質構造の第1の平均細孔径が、8μmから45μmまでである、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルター。
- 請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の触媒加工フィルターを備え、
前記第1の区域が、前記第2の区域の上流側に配置されている、
ポジティブ点火式内燃エンジンのための排気システム。 - 前記触媒加工フィルターの上流側に配置された三元触媒組成物を含む、フロースルー型モノリス基材を備える、請求項17に記載の排気システム。
- 請求項17または18に記載の排気システムを備える、ポジティブ点火式エンジン。
- 使用中に経時変化する間、基材全長を有し三元触媒ウォッシュコートでコーティング加工された触媒加工フィルター基材を用いて、ポジティブ点火式内燃エンジンから排出され一または複数の触媒毒を含む排気ガス中の一酸化炭素、炭化水素、窒素酸化物及び粒子状物質の同時変換を維持する方法であって、
前記排気ガスを前記触媒加工フィルター基材と接触させ、前記基材全長より短い第1の基材長さを持つ入口表面を含む第1の区域中及び前記基材全長より短い第2の基材長さを持つ出口表面を含む第2の区域中に前記一または複数の触媒毒の少なくとも一部を捕集するステップを含み、
前記第1の区域中の基材長さと前記第2の区域中の基材長さとの合計が100%以上であり、
少なくとも前記第2の区域の前記ウォッシュコートが、大表面積卑金属酸化物上に担持された一または複数の貴金属と、酸素貯蔵成分とを含む、三元触媒ウォッシュコートであり、
ここで、
(i)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコートの比表面積が大きく、または、
(ii)第2の区域よりも第1の区域中の方がウォッシュコート担持量もウォッシュコートの比表面積も大きい、
方法。
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GB2512648A (en) | 2014-10-08 |
GB201306164D0 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
CN105228730B (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
EP2981347A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
DE102014104748A1 (de) | 2014-10-09 |
DE102014104748B4 (de) | 2024-01-04 |
EP3662987A1 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
DK2981347T3 (da) | 2020-03-30 |
JP6382939B2 (ja) | 2018-08-29 |
GB2512648B (en) | 2018-06-20 |
JP2018199132A (ja) | 2018-12-20 |
US9327239B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
JP6615956B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
RU2015147165A (ru) | 2017-05-12 |
EP2981347B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
KR102183811B1 (ko) | 2020-11-27 |
US20140301924A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
BR112015025202A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
CN108868972B (zh) | 2021-04-02 |
RU2651029C2 (ru) | 2018-04-18 |
BR112015025202B1 (pt) | 2021-10-13 |
EP3662987B1 (en) | 2024-05-29 |
CN105228730A (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
CN108868972A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
KR20150140727A (ko) | 2015-12-16 |
WO2014162140A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
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