JP7522754B2 - 微粒子を濾過するための触媒物品及びその使用 - Google Patents
微粒子を濾過するための触媒物品及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7522754B2 JP7522754B2 JP2021551902A JP2021551902A JP7522754B2 JP 7522754 B2 JP7522754 B2 JP 7522754B2 JP 2021551902 A JP2021551902 A JP 2021551902A JP 2021551902 A JP2021551902 A JP 2021551902A JP 7522754 B2 JP7522754 B2 JP 7522754B2
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- catalyst
- catalytic
- exhaust gas
- particulate
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N almasilate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002612 cardiopulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011118 depth filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001744 pollucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9472—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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Description
TWCは、3つの反応を同時に触媒することを意図している:
(i)一酸化炭素の二酸化炭素への酸化、
(ii)未燃炭化水素の二酸化炭素及び水への酸化、並びに
(iii)窒素酸化物の窒素及び酸素への単体化。
実際のエンジン空燃比/化学量論的エンジン空燃比、(1)
ラムダ値が1の場合、化学量論的にバランスのとれた(又は化学量論的)排気ガス組成を表し、ラムダ値が>1の場合、過剰のO2及びNOxを表し、組成は「リーン」と表現され、ラムダ値が<1の場合、過剰のHC及びCOを表し、組成は「リッチ」と表現される。これは、空燃比を生じる排気ガス組成に応じて、「化学量論的」、「リーン」又は「リッチ」としてエンジンが動作する空燃比:したがって、化学量論的に動作するガソリンエンジン又はリーンバーンガソリンエンジンでの空燃比を指すこともまた、当該技術分野において一般的である。
(i)PM-10-空気力学的直径が10μm未満の粒子、
(ii)直径2.5μm未満の微粒子(PM-2.5)、
(iii)直径0.1μm(又は100nm)未満の超微粒子、と、
(iv)直径50nm未満であることを特徴とするナノ粒子。
入口端と、出口端と、それらの間に軸方向長さLとを有するウォールフローフィルタである基材と、入口端から延びる複数の入口チャネルと、出口端から延びる複数の出口チャネルと、を備え、
複数の入口チャネルが、Lの少なくとも50%にわたり、入口端又は出口端から延びる第1の触媒組成物を含み、複数の出口チャネルが、Lの少なくとも50%にわたり、出口又は入口端から延びる第2の触媒組成物を含み、第1及び第2の触媒組成物は、Lの最大80%と重なり合い、
第1及び第2の触媒組成物は、それぞれ独立して、第1のD90を有する粒子状酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)と、第2のD90を有する粒子状無機酸化物と、を含み、
i)第1のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、第2のD90は1~20ミクロンである、又は
ii)第2のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、第1のD90は1~20ミクロンである、触媒物品を提供する。
i)第1のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、第2のD90は1~20ミクロンである、又は
ii)第2のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、第1のD90は1~20ミクロンである。
i)第1のD90が1ミクロン未満であり、第2のD90が1~20ミクロンである場合、第1のD10は少なくとも100nmであり、第2のD10は少なくとも500nmである(好ましくは少なくとも1ミクロン)、又は
ii)第2のD90が1ミクロン未満であり、第1のD90が1~20ミクロンである場合、第2のD10は少なくとも100nmであり、第1のD10は少なくとも500nmである(好ましくは少なくとも1ミクロン)。
入口端と、出口端と、それらの間に軸方向長さLとを有するウォールフローフィルタである基材と、入口端から延びる複数の入口チャネルと、出口端から延びる複数の出口チャネルと、を備え、
複数の入口チャネルは、Lの少なくとも50%にわたり、入口端又は出口端から延びる第1の触媒組成物を含み、複数の出口チャネルは、Lの少なくとも50%にわたり、出口端又は入口端から延びる第2の触媒組成物を含み、
第1及び第2の触媒組成物は、それぞれ独立して、第1のD90を有する粒子状酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)と、第2のD90を有する粒子状無機酸化物と、を含み、
i)第1のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、第2のD90は1~20ミクロンである、又は
ii)第2のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、第1のD90は1~20ミクロンである。
全ての材料は市販されており、別途記載のない限り、既知の供給元から入手した。
三方触媒ウォッシュコートは、1.6g/in3のウォッシュコート担持量(1.2g/in3CeZr混合酸化物及び0.4g/in3アルミナ)及び22g/ft3のPGM担持量で調製された(Pt:Pd:Rh,0:20:2):D90が<1μmの希土類酸化物(REO)酸素吸蔵コンポーネント(OSC)(ZrO2とCeO2の重量比は約2:1)と、D90が12μmになるまで湿式粉砕されたLa安定化アルミナコンポーネントで構成されている。
実施例2は実施例1と同じ方法で調製されたが、アルミナ成分は更に5μmのD90まで湿式粉砕された。
参照コーティングされたGPFは、GPF基材用に開発された最新のTWCコーティングを適用することによって準備された。ウォッシュコート担持量は、1.6g/in3(1.2g/in3のCeZr混合酸化物及び0.4g/in3のアルミナ)であり、PGM担持量はで22g/ft3であった(Pt:Pd:Rh,0:20:2)。実施例1及び2とは対照的に、ここではOSC成分とアルミナ成分との両方のD90が約7μmである。
本発明と更に比較するために、コーティングされていないGPF参照が使用された。これは市販のGPF基材であり、6×1011のEuro 6PN制限でこのような後処理システムでの使用を検討できる。同じ触媒の直径及び長さ、したがって触媒の体積を、実施例1~3、直径4.66インチ及び長さ6インチとして選択した。しかしながら、必要な濾過効率を達成するために、そのような裸のフィルタは、より低い公称気孔率及び平均孔径を必要とする。これは背圧の望ましくない増加を引き起こす可能性があるため、1平方インチあたりのセル及び壁の厚さは通常、ウォッシュコートでコーティングされるように設計された基材よりも薄くなる。コーティングされていない参照GPFは、1平方インチあたり220セルで、壁の厚さは1000分の6インチであった。
上記の実施例は、粒子状物質の放出、特に10~23nmの放出について評価した。評価は、2.0Lガソリン直噴エンジンを搭載したエンジンベンチで実行されたシミュレートされたWLTCで実行された。粒子は、Combustion DMS500粒子分析装置を使用して測定した。
Claims (14)
- 火花点火式内燃機関からの排気ガスを処理する触媒物品であって、
入口端と、出口端と、それらの間に軸方向長さLとを有するウォールフローフィルタである基材と、前記入口端から延びる複数の入口チャネルと、前記出口端から延びる複数の出口チャネルと、を備え、
前記複数の入口チャネルは、Lの少なくとも50%にわたり、前記入口端又は出口端から延びる第1の触媒組成物を含み、前記複数の出口チャネルは、Lの少なくとも50%にわたり、前記出口端又は入口端から延びる第2の触媒組成物を含むウォッシュコートを含み、かつ壁上にくさび形のプロファイルを有し、くさびの最も厚い端はチャネルのプラグ端にあり、ウォッシュコートも壁内に存在し、前記第1及び第2の触媒組成物は、Lの最大80%と重なり合い、
前記第1及び第2の触媒組成物は、それぞれ独立して、第1のD90を有する粒子状酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)と、第2のD90を有する粒子状無機酸化物と、を含み、
前記第1のD90は1ミクロン未満であり、前記第2のD90は5~20ミクロンである、触媒物品。 - 前記粒子状OSCは第1のD10を有し、前記粒子状無機酸化物は第2のD10を有し、
前記第1のD10は少なくとも100nmであり、前記第2のD10は少なくとも500nmである、請求項1に記載の触媒物品。 - 前記第1及び第2の触媒組成物は、Lの最大20%と重なり合う、請求項1または2に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記粒子状OSCは、酸化セリウム、セリア-ジルコニア混合酸化物、及びアルミナ-セリア-ジルコニア混合酸化物からなる群から選択される、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記粒子状無機酸化物は、アルミナ、マグネシア、シリカ、酸化イットリウム、及びこれらの混合酸化物又は複合酸化物からなる群から選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2の触媒組成物は、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される第1の白金族金属(PGM)成分を更に含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2の触媒組成物は、第1のアルカリ又はアルカリ土類金属成分を更に含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1及び第2の触媒組成物は同じである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2の触媒組成物の粒子状OSC対粒子状無機酸化物の重量比は、3:1~1:3である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第1及び/又は第2の触媒組成物は、基材上に直接提供される、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 火花点火式エンジンの排気マニホルドと流体連絡する、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品を含む排気ガス処理システム。
- 火花点火式内燃機関から放出された排気ガスを処理する方法であって、前記排気ガスを、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品と接触させることを含む、方法。
- 23nm未満の粒子の放出を低減するための排気ガス処理システムにおける請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品の使用。
- 前記使用により、23nm未満の粒子の放出の数が少なくとも20%が減少される、請求項13に記載の使用。
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