JP2016511329A - ガスタービン空気圧縮機での腐食を防止するための組成物及び方法 - Google Patents
ガスタービン空気圧縮機での腐食を防止するための組成物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/14—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C23F11/141—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/08—Cleaning involving contact with liquid the liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
陽極において(酸化):Fe(s)→Fe2++2e (I)
陰極において(還元):2H++2e-→H2(g) (II)
陰極表面における水素イオンのこの還元は、酸性水素(H+)イオンとアルカリ性ヒドロキシル(OH-)イオンとの間の平衡を乱し、腐食界面において溶液を酸性度の低い、又はアルカリ度の高いものにする。これは、方程式(III)及び(IV)のように、酸素還元の機構に影響を及ぼす。
(酸性溶液):O2+4H++4e-→2H2O (III)
(中性又は塩基性溶液)O2+2H2O+4e-→4OH- (IV)
鉄は、溶存酸素が水性膜中に存在する場合、はるかに容易に酸化し腐食する。水性膜は、水洗、大気中凝結、雨水、及び海岸地域における海水霧を包含するがこれらに限定されない種々の源から存在し得る。溶存酸素が存在する場合、全体腐食及び酸素孔食の両方が発生し得る。全体腐食は、全表面からの金属の損失をもたらす。酸素孔食は、金属表面上における広範な欠損又は応力集中をもたらし、亀裂及び構成要素の故障につながり得る、表面金属の高度に局在した損失をもたらす。塩化物(Cl-)及び硫酸塩(SO4 2-)等、ある特定の負に帯電したイオン(アニオンと称される)は、陽極部位に移動し、上記に示す通り、陽極における鉄腐食又は酸化反応の第一の生成物である新たに形成された第一鉄イオン(Fe2+)の中和及び溶媒和を容易にすることによって、腐食反応を加速できることが周知である。この効果は、多くの場合、「脱分極」と称される。これらのアニオンは、多くの場合「孔食攻撃」と称される局在した腐食反応、及び影響を受けた金属表面のより広い領域にわたる全体腐食の両方を、容易にする又は加速させることができる。
ガスタービン空気圧縮機グレード材料に対する腐食効果を、実験室において、2つの連結多電極アレイ(「CMA」)プローブ、プローブ1(P1番)及びプローブ2(P2番)を使用して模倣した。プローブ電極は、17−4PHステンレス鋼、ガスタービン空気圧縮機グレード材料でできていた。
下記の例は、高速空気流が存在する場合のガスタービン空気圧縮機用途における防食組成物を実証する。該例の目標は、防食組成物によって形成された膜が、高速空気流に曝露された場合、動作している圧縮機内の処理された金属表面上に残るか否かを決定することであった。
ボイラー用途におけるポリアミンの性能を試験する実験を実施した。実験は、実験用流水式腐食試験システム装置を使用して完了させた。装置は、一連の検出器、化学注入ポンプ、高圧ポンプ及びクーポンラックホルダからなるものであった。図17は、流水式試験システムの概略図である。腐食は、試験クーポンを装置に入れ、各クーポンの重量損失を測定することによって測定した。
方程式(1)によって定義される通り、%AvCorDiffが正数であれば、ポリアミン生成物は、クーポン中において標準(1又は複数)よりも少ない腐食を生成した。%AvCorDiffが負数であれば、ポリアミン生成物は、クーポン中において標準(1又は複数)よりも多い腐食を生成した。
Claims (20)
- ガスタービン空気圧縮機の金属表面での腐食を、金属表面を防食組成物と接触させることによって防止する方法であって、前記組成物が1種以上の膜形成性アミンを含む、方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが一般式Y−R(式中、Yは1又は複数のヘテロ原子(N又はO)を含有する基であり、Rは脂肪酸由来のアルキル基である。)のものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが、ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ココアミン及び/又は次式の1種以上の脂肪ポリアミンを含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが、N−オレイルアミン、N−オクタデシルアミン、(Z)−N−9−オクタデセニル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、オクタデセニルアミノトリメチレンアミン、オクタデセニルアミノジ−(トリメチルアミノ)−トリメチレンアミン、N−ステアリル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N−(2−アミノプロピル)−N−ヘキサデシル−N−メチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が1種以上の中和アミンをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記中和アミンが、アンモニア、ヒドラジン、メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、エタノールアミン(「MEA」)、モルホリン、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン(「DMAPA」)、メトキシプロピルアミン、N,N−ジエチルアミノエタノール(「DEAE」)、N,N−ジメチルエタノールアミン(「DMAE」)及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミン対中和アミンの重量比が、約1:0.1〜約1:25である、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記重量比が約1:2〜約1:10である、請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が2種類以上の中和アミンを含む、請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が水をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 水に対する組成物の濃度が、水の約0.1〜約20000体積ppmである、請求項10記載の方法。
- 金属表面が、処理中又は処理後に、水分及び/又は水及び/又は水溶液に曝露され、水分及び/又は水及び/又は水溶液が約1000〜10000重量ppbの溶存酸素(O2)を含んでいる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 金属表面を組成物と接触させる前に、金属表面をクエン酸溶液と接触させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 表面をクエン酸溶液と接触させた後、かつ金属表面を組成物と接触させる前に、金属表面を水で濯ぐステップをさらに含む、請求項13記載の方法。
- オフラインガスタービン空気圧縮機の洗浄方法であって、当該方法が、洗浄サイクルと、濯ぎサイクルと、オフライン処理サイクルとを含んでおり、オフライン処理サイクルが、ガスタービン空気圧縮機の金属表面を防食組成物と接触させるステップを含んでいて、前記組成物が1種以上の膜形成性アミンを含んでいる、方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが一般式Y−R(式中、Yは1又は複数のヘテロ原子(N又はO)を含有する基であり、Rは脂肪酸由来のアルキル基である。)のものである、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが、ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ココアミン及び/又は次式の1種以上の脂肪ポリアミンを含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- オンラインガスタービン空気圧縮機の洗浄方法であって、当該方法が、オンライン処理サイクルを含んでおり、オンライン処理サイクルが、ガスタービン空気圧縮機の金属表面を防食組成物と接触させるステップを含んでいて、前記組成物が1種以上の膜形成性アミンを含んでいる、方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが一般式Y−R(式中、Yは1又は複数のヘテロ原子(N又はO)を含有する基であり、Rは脂肪酸由来のアルキル基である。)のものである、請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記膜形成性アミンが、ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ココアミン及び/又は次式の1種以上の脂肪ポリアミンを含む、請求項19記載の方法。
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