JP2016500560A - 熱分解多重錯体化合物系orr用非pgm触媒 - Google Patents
熱分解多重錯体化合物系orr用非pgm触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- ZSKGQVFRTSEPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CN1 ZSKGQVFRTSEPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical group NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazolidinylurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)N(CO)C1N(CO)C(=O)N(CO)C1=O SOROIESOUPGGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical group [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012692 Fe precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GPWNWKWQOLEVEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde Chemical compound NC1=NC=C(C=O)C(N)=N1 GPWNWKWQOLEVEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-formylpyridine Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=N1 CSDSSGBPEUDDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KWUQLGUXYUKOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;tantalum Chemical compound [Ta].CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O.CC(C)O KWUQLGUXYUKOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9091—Unsupported catalytic particles; loose particulate catalytic materials, e.g. in fluidised state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8814—Temporary supports, e.g. decal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
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- H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 犠牲的なテンプレート粒子を用意し、
反応性ポリマー前駆体を現場重合し、電気触媒作用物質前駆体が分散している反応性ポリマーで被覆された犠牲的なテンプレートを製造するのに好適な条件下において前記の犠牲的なテンプレート粒子に前記反応性ポリマー前駆体および金属前駆体の混合物をテンプレート処理し、
前記の分散している前駆体を熱処理し、そして
前記の犠牲的なテンプレート粒子を除去して、分散度の高い自己担持形の高表面積電気触媒作用物質を生成することを特徴とする触媒作用物質の生成方法。
- 前記反応性ポリマーがメラミン、カルボアルデヒド、カルバミド、およびこれらの複合体からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応性ポリマー前駆体がメラミン(M)、ホルムアルデヒド(F)、尿素(U)、イミダゾリジニル尿素(IMDZU)、ジアゾリジニル尿素(DAZU)、ピロール−2−カルボキサルデヒド(2−PCA)およびこれらの複合体からなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属前駆体が鉄の前駆体である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記金属前駆体が硝酸鉄である請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記の分散している前駆体の熱処理が熱分解からなる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 現場重合を可能にするのに好適な条件が酸の添加からなる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記酸がH2SO4である請求項7に記載の方法。
- 熱処理が750℃以上〜900℃未満の温度で行う第1熱分解である請求項4に記載の方法。
- さらに第2熱分解からなる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記電気触媒作用物質前駆体が分散している反応性ポリマーで被覆された前記の犠牲的なテンプレートをボールミル処理して、熱分解前に微粉末を生成する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 複数の高度に分散した活性金属サイト、およびメラミン、カルバルデヒド、カルバミド、およびこれらの複合体から生成したポリマーから誘導した相当量の炭素分および窒素分からなることを特徴とする未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記の未担持触媒作用物質の表面積が少なくとも300m2g−1である請求項12に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記反応性ポリマー前駆体がメラミン(M)、ホルムアルデヒド(F)、尿素(U)、イミダゾリジニル尿素(IMDZU)、ジアゾリジニル尿素(DAZU)、およびピロール−2−カルボキサルデヒド(2−PCA)およびこれらの複合体からなる群から選択される請求項12に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記金属前駆体が鉄の前駆体である請求項12に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記金属前駆体が硝酸鉄である請求項12に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
- 複数の高度に分散した活性金属サイト、およびメラミン、カルバルデヒド、カルバミド、およびこれらの複合体から生成したポリマーから誘導した相当量の炭素分および窒素分からなる未担持触媒作用物質において、
犠牲的なテンプレート粒子を用意し、
同時に、反応性ポリマー前駆体を現場重合し、電気触媒作用物質前駆体が分散している反応性ポリマーで被覆された犠牲的なテンプレートを製造するのに好適な条件下において前記の犠牲的なテンプレート粒子に前記反応性ポリマー前駆体および金属前駆体の混合物をテンプレート処理し、
前記の分散している前駆体を熱処理し、そして
前記の犠牲的なテンプレート粒子を除去して、分散度の高い自立型の高表面積電気触媒作用物質を生成することによって生成したことを特徴とする未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記電気触媒作用物質前駆体が分散している反応性ポリマーで被覆された前記の犠牲的なテンプレートをボールミル処理して、熱処理前に微粉末を生成した請求項17に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記反応性ポリマー前駆体がメラミン(M)、ホルムアルデヒド(F)、尿素(U)、イミダゾリジニル尿素(IMDZU)、ジアゾリジニル尿素(DAZU)、ピロール−2−カルボキサルデヒド(2−PCA)およびこれらの複合体からなる群から選択される請求項17に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
- 前記未担持触媒作用物質の表面積が少なくとも300m2g−1である請求項17に記載の未担持触媒作用物質。
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