JP2016142155A - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016142155A JP2016142155A JP2015017242A JP2015017242A JP2016142155A JP 2016142155 A JP2016142155 A JP 2016142155A JP 2015017242 A JP2015017242 A JP 2015017242A JP 2015017242 A JP2015017242 A JP 2015017242A JP 2016142155 A JP2016142155 A JP 2016142155A
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- nox
- exhaust
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract
Description
図1に、本実施形態にかかる制御装置が適用された車載用のディーゼルエンジン(以下、単に「エンジン」という)、並びにそれらの周辺構成を示す。
排気通路26の途中には、排気圧を利用して吸入空気を過給するターボチャージャ11が設けられている。ターボチャージャ11の吸気側コンプレッサと吸気絞り弁16との間の吸気通路3にはインタークーラ18が設けられている。このインタークーラ18によって、ターボチャージャ11の過給により温度上昇した吸入空気の冷却が図られる。
制御装置80は、そうした排気浄化制御の一つとして、上記尿素添加弁230による尿素水の添加制御も行う。この添加制御では、エンジン1から排出されるNOxを還元処理するために必要な尿素添加量QEが機関運転状態等に基づいて算出され、その算出された尿素添加量QEに相当する量の尿素水が尿素添加弁230から噴射されるように、同尿素添加弁230の開弁状態が制御される。
ところで、エンジン1の燃焼室で燃焼されなかった燃料や、上記燃料添加弁5から添加された燃料などに由来する未燃燃料がSCR触媒41に流入する排気に含まれていると、SCR触媒41は、その未燃燃料(HC)を吸着する。また、SCR触媒41に吸着された未燃燃料は、排気温度の上昇によるSCR触媒41の温度上昇に伴って同SCR触媒41から脱離する。従って、SCR触媒41に流入する排気の温度が高いときほど、SCR触媒41に吸着される時間当たりの未燃燃料の量(以下、単位燃料吸着量ABDという)は少なくなる。
図3に示すように、加速時に最適化された空燃比補正係数マップでは、空燃比AFのリーン度合が低いほど、つまり空燃比AFの値が小さく、気筒に吸入される酸素量が少ないときほど、空燃比補正係数K1の値は大きい値に設定される。なお、加速時に設定される空燃比補正係数K1は、「1」よりも大きい数値である。従って、気筒に吸入される酸素量が少なく未燃燃料の酸化量が少ないときほど、空燃比補正係数K1の値は大きくなり、これにより単位燃料吸着量ABDは多くなるように増大補正されるため、上述したような加速時における誤差の発生が抑制される。
図5に示すように、減速時に最適化された空燃比補正係数マップでは、空燃比AFのリーン度合が高いほど、つまり空燃比AFの値が大きく、気筒に吸入される酸素量が多いときほど、空燃比補正係数K1の値は小さい値に設定される。なお、減速時に設定される空燃比補正係数K1は、「0」より大きく「1」より小さい範囲内の数値である。従って、気筒に吸入される酸素量が多く未燃燃料の酸化量が多いときほど、空燃比補正係数K1の値は小さくなり、これにより単位燃料吸着量ABDは少なくなるように減量補正されるため、上述したような減速時における誤差の発生が抑制される。
(SCR触媒の異常診断処理)
制御装置80は、SCR触媒41に劣化異常が起きているか否かを診断する異常診断処理を実行する。この劣化異常とは、SCR触媒41の熱劣化によって同SCR触媒41のNOx浄化率が所定の判定値以下にまで低下しており、十分な量のNOxを浄化できない状態になっていることをいう。なお、制御装置80は、NOx浄化率を、「{(第1NOx濃度N1−第2NOx濃度N2)/第1NOx濃度N1}×100(%)」で表される式から算出する。そして、異常診断処理にて、SCR触媒41に劣化異常有りと判定された場合には、制御装置80は、各種の報知方法(音や光など)を使って、車両運転者にSCR触媒41の劣化異常を知らせる。
・IGスイッチ25がオン操作されてからの車両の走行距離が所定値以上であること。
・SCR触媒41の異常診断の実行回数が所定値以下であること。
そして、異常診断処理の実行条件が成立していないときには(S100:NO)、制御装置80は、この一連の処理を一旦終了する。
・燃料噴射弁4a〜4dの燃料噴射時期を遅角補正する処理。なお、このようにして燃料噴射時期を遅角補正すると、混合気の燃焼が始まってからエンジン1の排気バルブが開弁するまでの時間が短くなるため、燃焼ガスの温度低下が比較的少ないタイミングで燃焼ガスは排気通路に排出されるようになり、その結果、排気温度は高くなる。
一方、床温STが閾値THα以上になると(S140:YES)、制御装置80は、次に、脱離時間DTを計測する(S150)。この脱離時間DTは、床温STが閾値THαに達してからの経過時間を示すものである。
図8に示すように、SCR触媒41の実際の燃料吸着量は、時間の経過と共に増大していく。そして、異常診断処理の実行条件が成立したときの燃料吸着量ABが閾値AB1未満である場合には(時刻t1)、SCR触媒41から脱離する未燃燃料の量が少ないため、アンモニア酸化触媒51において未燃燃料により還元されるNOxの量も少なくなる。そのため、SCR触媒41の異常診断処理を実行したときに誤診断が起きる可能性は低い。そこで、脱離処理を実行することなく、直ちにSCR触媒41の異常診断処理が実行される。
(1)SCR触媒41の異常診断処理の実行条件が成立したときには、SCR触媒41に吸着された未燃燃料を脱離させる脱離処理を実行してから、異常診断処理を実行するようにしているため、SCR触媒41の劣化異常に関する誤診断の発生を抑えることができる。
・上記実施形態では、脱離時間DTが閾値DT1に達するまで脱離処理を実行するようにした。この他、脱離処理を開始してからのSCR触媒41の未燃燃料の吸着量が予め定められた所定量以下になるまで脱離処理を実行するようにしてもよい。この変形例は、例えば以下のようにして実施することができる。
図11に示すように、この変形例では、上記ステップS140において肯定判定されると、制御装置80は、上記態様で推定されている脱離処理開始後の燃料吸着量ABが、閾値AB2以下であるか否かを判定する(S200)。この閾値AB2には、「0」が設定されている。
・上記実施形態の排気浄化装置において、酸化触媒31、フィルタ32、SCR触媒41、及びアンモニア酸化触媒51の配設数は適宜変更することができる。
Claims (12)
- 排気に添加された尿素水を利用して排気中のNOxを浄化するNOx浄化触媒と、
前記NOx浄化触媒よりも下流の排気通路に設けられた酸化触媒と、
前記酸化触媒を通過した排気に含まれるNOx量を算出するNOx量算出部を備えており、かつ前記NOx量算出部により算出されたNOx量に基づいて算出されるNOx浄化率が所定値以下の場合には、前記NOx浄化触媒に異常有りと診断する異常診断処理を実行する制御部と、
を備える内燃機関の排気浄化装置であって、
前記制御部は、予め定められた前記異常診断処理の実行条件が成立したときには、前記NOx浄化触媒に吸着された未燃燃料を脱離させる脱離処理を実行してから、前記異常診断処理を実行する
ことを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、機関運転状態に基づいて前記NOx浄化触媒における未燃燃料の吸着量を算出すると共に、その算出された前記未燃燃料の吸着量が所定量以上のときには前記脱離処理を実行する
請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記吸着量が前記所定量未満のときには、前記脱離処理を実行することなく、前記異常診断処理を実行する
請求項2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記脱離処理を開始してからの前記NOx浄化触媒の未燃燃料の吸着量を算出すると共に、その算出された吸着量が予め定められた所定量以下になるまで前記脱離処理を実行する
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記脱離処理の実行時間を計測すると共に、その計測された実行時間が予め定められた閾値に達するまで前記脱離処理を実行する
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記脱離処理として、前記NOx浄化触媒に流入する排気の温度を高める昇温処理を実行する
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記NOx浄化触媒よりも上流の排気通路には、排気中の微粒子を捕集するフィルタを備えており、
当該排気浄化装置は、前記フィルタに流入する排気の温度を高めることにより前記フィルタに堆積した前記微粒子の量を減少させる再生処理も実行する装置であり、
前記制御部は、前記昇温処理として、前記再生処理を実行する
請求項6に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記昇温処理として、内燃機関の燃料噴射時期を遅角補正する処理を実行する
請求項6に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 排気の一部を吸気通路に戻す排気再循環装置を備えており、
前記制御部は、前記昇温処理として、前記排気再循環装置によって吸気通路に戻される排気の量を増量する処理を実行する
請求項6に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記昇温処理として、内燃機関の吸入空気量を減量する処理を実行する
請求項6に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、機関回転速度及び機関負荷に基づいて前記吸着量の推定値を算出すると共に、機関運転状態が過渡状態になっているときには、前記推定値を補正する補正値を混合気の空燃比及び前記NOx浄化触媒の温度に基づいて算出し、その算出された補正値で前記推定値を補正する吸着量推定処理を実行する
請求項2または3に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記制御部は、機関回転速度及び機関負荷に基づいて前記吸着量の推定値を算出すると共に、機関運転状態が過渡状態になっているときには、前記推定値を補正する補正値を排気の空燃比及び前記NOx浄化触媒の温度に基づいて算出し、その算出された補正値で前記推定値を補正する吸着量推定処理と、前記脱離処理の実行中に前記NOx浄化触媒から脱離する未燃燃料の脱離量を排気温度に基づいて推定する脱離量推定処理と、を実行し、
前記制御部は、前記脱離処理の実行開始時における前記吸着量の推定値から前記脱離量を減算することにより、前記脱離処理を開始してからの前記NOx浄化触媒における未燃燃料の吸着量を算出する
請求項4に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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JP6432411B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-12-05 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化システム |
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US10337383B2 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2019-07-02 | Gm Global Technology Operations Llc. | Selective catalyst reduction efficiency determination |
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