JP2016081067A - 低損失光ファイバ及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
低損失光ファイバ及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016081067A JP2016081067A JP2015206815A JP2015206815A JP2016081067A JP 2016081067 A JP2016081067 A JP 2016081067A JP 2015206815 A JP2015206815 A JP 2015206815A JP 2015206815 A JP2015206815 A JP 2015206815A JP 2016081067 A JP2016081067 A JP 2016081067A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- region
- core
- optical fiber
- doped
- cladding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 119
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 73
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004018 SiF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/0365—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - - +
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/01446—Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/01446—Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering
- C03B37/01453—Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering for doping the preform with flourine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01853—Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01861—Means for changing or stabilising the diameter or form of tubes or rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01861—Means for changing or stabilising the diameter or form of tubes or rods
- C03B37/01869—Collapsing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
- C03B37/014—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD]
- C03B37/018—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments made entirely or partially by chemical means, e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rod
- C03B37/01884—Means for supporting, rotating and translating tubes or rods being formed, e.g. lathes
- C03B37/01892—Deposition substrates, e.g. tubes, mandrels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
- G02B6/02019—Effective area greater than 90 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant
- C03B2201/12—Doped silica-based glasses doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant doped with fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/20—Doped silica-based glasses doped with non-metals other than boron or fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
- C03B2203/222—Mismatching viscosities or softening points of glass layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
- C03B2203/10—Internal structure or shape details
- C03B2203/22—Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point
- C03B2203/223—Matching viscosities or softening points of glass layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/40—Monitoring or regulating the draw tension or draw rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/42—Drawing at high speed, i.e. > 10 m/s
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide
- C03C2201/11—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide containing chlorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/08—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide
- C03C2201/12—Doped silica-based glasses containing boron or halide containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2203/00—Production processes
- C03C2203/40—Gas-phase processes
- C03C2203/42—Gas-phase processes using silicon halides as starting materials
- C03C2203/44—Gas-phase processes using silicon halides as starting materials chlorine containing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2203/00—Production processes
- C03C2203/40—Gas-phase processes
- C03C2203/42—Gas-phase processes using silicon halides as starting materials
- C03C2203/46—Gas-phase processes using silicon halides as starting materials fluorine containing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03683—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - - + +
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】光ファイバ10のコア領域12に、周囲のクラッドの粘度に迫るくらいコア領域の粘度を小さくする濃度で塩素をドープさせる。環状境界面領域16を、コアとクラッドとの間に設け、コアの粘度に適合するのに十分な濃度のフッ素ドーパントを含有する。この環状応力調節領域を含むことによって、所望の程度の光信号の閉じ込めをもたらすのに必要とされる比較的高濃度のフッ素を含むようにクラッド層を形成することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
本出願は、2014年10月21日付けで出願された米国仮出願第62/066,520号、及び2014年10月30日付けで出願された米国仮出願第62/072,606号(ともに引用することにより本明細書の一部をなす)の利益を主張するものである。
α=α0+A/λ4、
(式中、αはファイバに沿った減衰を示し、α0はオフセットパラメータであり、Aはレイリー散乱係数と定義され、1/λ4は波長依存性を定義するものである)。約0.86〜0.95dB/km×μm4の範囲のレイリー散乱係数が、これらの実験のファイバについて得られ、これらの値は、典型的なGeドープシリカファイバに関連する値より低いものであった。当然ながら、出力される光パワー効率を改善させる上で、散乱損失は小さい方が望ましい。
4(O1.5Si−O0.5[表面])+SiCl4→4(1.5OSiCl)+SiO2
半金属:GeO2+SiCl4→GeC14+SiO2
金属:Fe2O3+1.5SiCl4→2FeCl3+1.5SiO2
4(O1.5Si−OH[表面])+SiCl4→5SiO2+4HCl
として示される。
Claims (10)
- 塩素ドープシリカコア領域と、
フッ素ドープクラッド領域と、
前記コア領域と前記クラッド領域との間に設けられるフッ素ドープ環状応力調節領域と、
を含み、前記フッ素ドープ環状応力調節領域が、前記コア領域と類似する粘度を示すのに十分な濃度のフッ素ドーパントを含み、前記クラッド領域が、前記環状応力調節領域よりも大きくかつ前記コア領域と前記環状応力調節領域との組合せへと伝播する光信号の閉じ込めをもたらすのに少なくとも十分なフッ素ドーパント濃度を示す、光ファイバ。 - 前記コア領域が、所望濃度の塩素ドーパントをもたらすような高濃度のSi−Cl結合を含む、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 前記コア領域が、SiCl4によってもたらされる塩素ドーパントを含む、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 前記コア領域における塩素ドーパント濃度、及び前記環状応力調節領域におけるフッ素ドーパント濃度が、前記コア領域の密度が所定の仮想温度Tfで前記環状応力調節領域の密度と基本的に適合するように決定される、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 前記シリカコア領域における塩素ドーパント濃度が、約2000重量ppm〜15000重量ppmであり、前記環状応力調節領域における前記フッ素ドーパント濃度が、約0.3mol%〜3.0mol%である、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 前記シリカコア領域が、塩素ドーパントに加えてフッ素ドーパントを含むように共ドープされる、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 前記シリカコア領域が如何なるゲルマニウムドーパントも実質的に含まない、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 前記光ファイバが、約1550nmの波長で約100μm2より大きい有効面積を有する、請求項1に記載の光ファイバ。
- 光ファイバプリフォームから光ファイバを製造する方法であって、
塩素ドープシリカコア領域と、フッ素ドープクラッド領域と、該コア領域と該クラッド領域との間に設けられる環状応力調節領域とを含む光ファイバプリフォームを準備する工程であって、前記環状応力調節領域が、前記コア領域と類似する粘度を示すのに十分な濃度のフッ素ドーパントを含み、前記クラッド領域が、前記環状応力調節領域より大きいフッ素ドーパント濃度を示す、工程と、
前記準備したプリフォームを所与の線引き温度に加熱する工程と、
前記光学プリフォームを光ファイバの所望の最終寸法に線引きするように、前記加熱したプリフォームを所定の線引き張力及び所定の線引き速度で引く工程と、
を含む、光ファイバプリフォームから光ファイバを製造する方法。 - 前記線引き温度が、前記コア領域及び前記環状応力調節領域の選択される粘度から決定される、請求項9に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201462066520P | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | |
US62/066,520 | 2014-10-21 | ||
US201462072606P | 2014-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | |
US62/072,606 | 2014-10-30 | ||
US14/825,297 | 2015-08-13 | ||
US14/825,297 US9658395B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-08-13 | Low loss optical fiber and method of making the same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016081067A true JP2016081067A (ja) | 2016-05-16 |
JP6282622B2 JP6282622B2 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
Family
ID=54345422
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015206815A Active JP6282622B2 (ja) | 2014-10-21 | 2015-10-21 | 低損失光ファイバ及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9658395B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3012235B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6282622B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105527675B (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017024917A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバプリフォーム、光ファイバおよび光ファイバの製造方法 |
WO2019172022A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
JP2020140080A (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
JPWO2020209229A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | ||
WO2021167019A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
JP2021139963A (ja) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-16 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光結合器及び光出力装置 |
WO2021193260A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6268758B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-10 | 2018-01-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
US9874686B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2018-01-23 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fiber with macrobend loss mitigating layer |
US20170097465A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-04-06 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fiber with large effective area and low bending loss |
US9919955B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-03-20 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Optical fiber with low loss and nanoscale structurally homogeneous core |
WO2017112447A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Corning Incorporated | Bromine-doped silica glass optical fiber and method of producing it |
JP2018008850A (ja) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マルチコア光ファイバ製造方法 |
WO2018022411A1 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | Corning Incorporated | Low loss single mode fiber with chlorine doped core |
JP6951852B2 (ja) | 2017-03-27 | 2021-10-20 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ及び光ファイバの製造方法 |
CN107132613A (zh) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-09-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院 | 一种泄漏通道型光纤及其生产方法 |
CN109081576B (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2021-05-14 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | 光纤预制棒及其制造方法 |
CN109081575A (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-25 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | 光纤预制棒及其制造方法 |
US11366266B2 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2022-06-21 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Optical fiber and optical transmission system |
US10947149B2 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-03-16 | Corning Incorporated | Halogen-doped silica for optical fiber preforms |
CA3093860A1 (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Accutech Medical Technologies Inc. | Surgical optical fiber and process of making the same |
CN110357410B (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-08-04 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | 用于制造超低衰减光纤的光纤预制棒、方法及光纤 |
JP7326906B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-18 | 2023-08-16 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
CN112305665A (zh) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-02 | 斯特里特技术有限公司 | 具有较大有效面积的截流移位光纤 |
CN112441736B (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2023-10-03 | 中天科技精密材料有限公司 | 光纤预制棒及其制备方法、等离子沉积设备 |
WO2021117825A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
CN110954985B (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-03-25 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | 一种超低衰减大有效面积单模光纤 |
WO2021146077A1 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-22 | Corning Incorporated | Reduced coating diameter chlorine-doped silica optical fibers with low loss and microbend sensitivity |
CN111458789B (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2021-11-09 | 中天科技光纤有限公司 | 光纤 |
CN112649916B (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-06-28 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | 一种小型化器件用色散补偿光纤及模块 |
CN115201961A (zh) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏亨通光导新材料有限公司 | 一种陆地用g.654.e光纤及其制作工艺 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63217311A (ja) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 分散シフトフアイバ及びその製造方法 |
US5090979A (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1992-02-25 | Compagnie Generale D'electricite | Method of manufacturing an optical fiber preform having doped cladding |
WO2000042458A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-18 | 2000-07-20 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Fibre optique et son procede de fabrication |
JP2007503028A (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2007-02-15 | コーニング・インコーポレーテッド | 粘度の非整合性が低減された光ファイバ |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4282196A (en) | 1979-10-12 | 1981-08-04 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Method of preparing optical fibers of silica |
IT1184068B (it) | 1985-04-10 | 1987-10-22 | Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom | Procedimento per la produzione di fibre ottiche in silice drogata con allumina utilizzante reagenti metallorganici |
WO2001072648A1 (en) * | 2000-03-25 | 2001-10-04 | Heraeus Tenevo Ag | Substrate tube and process for producing a preform for an optical fiber |
CA2355819A1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-02-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber, method of making optical fiber preform, and method of making optical fiber |
CA2355823A1 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-02-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber and method of making the same |
US6690868B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-02-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical waveguide article including a fluorine-containing zone |
US6862900B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2005-03-08 | Corning Incorporated | Method and apparatus for reducing stress between depositions within a substrate tube |
JP2003300744A (ja) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-21 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光ファイバの製造方法及び光ファイバ |
JP4093553B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-07 | 2008-06-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 光ファイバプリフォームとその製造方法、及びこれを線引きして得られる光ファイバ |
US7752870B1 (en) | 2003-10-16 | 2010-07-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Hydrogen resistant optical fiber formation technique |
US20070003198A1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-04 | Lance Gibson | Low loss optical fiber designs and methods for their manufacture |
FR2893149B1 (fr) | 2005-11-10 | 2008-01-11 | Draka Comteq France | Fibre optique monomode. |
WO2008013627A2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-31 | Corning Incorporated | Low bend loss optical fiber with high modulus coating |
JP4999063B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-19 | 2012-08-15 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
JP2011209702A (ja) * | 2010-03-10 | 2011-10-20 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | マルチコア光ファイバ |
US7929818B1 (en) | 2010-06-30 | 2011-04-19 | Corning Incorporated | Large effective area fiber with graded index GE-free core |
JP5974488B2 (ja) | 2011-04-15 | 2016-08-23 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバおよび光ファイバ母材 |
JP5831189B2 (ja) | 2011-12-09 | 2015-12-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバおよび光伝送システム |
CN104216045A (zh) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏亨通光电股份有限公司 | 一种光纤及其制作方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-08-13 US US14/825,297 patent/US9658395B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-20 EP EP15190631.0A patent/EP3012235B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-21 CN CN201510952429.5A patent/CN105527675B/zh active Active
- 2015-10-21 JP JP2015206815A patent/JP6282622B2/ja active Active
- 2015-11-12 US US14/938,914 patent/US10197728B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63217311A (ja) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 分散シフトフアイバ及びその製造方法 |
US5090979A (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1992-02-25 | Compagnie Generale D'electricite | Method of manufacturing an optical fiber preform having doped cladding |
WO2000042458A1 (fr) * | 1999-01-18 | 2000-07-20 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Fibre optique et son procede de fabrication |
JP2007503028A (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2007-02-15 | コーニング・インコーポレーテッド | 粘度の非整合性が低減された光ファイバ |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017024917A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバプリフォーム、光ファイバおよび光ファイバの製造方法 |
JP7409299B2 (ja) | 2018-03-07 | 2024-01-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
WO2019172022A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
JPWO2019172022A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2021-03-04 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
US11099322B2 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2021-08-24 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber |
JP2020140080A (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
JPWO2020209229A1 (ja) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-10-15 | ||
JP7476887B2 (ja) | 2019-04-10 | 2024-05-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
WO2021167019A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
US11971571B2 (en) | 2020-02-21 | 2024-04-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber |
JP2021139963A (ja) * | 2020-03-02 | 2021-09-16 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光結合器及び光出力装置 |
CN115335742A (zh) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-11-11 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 光纤 |
WO2021193260A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ |
US11899239B2 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2024-02-13 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Optical fiber |
CN115335742B (zh) * | 2020-03-27 | 2024-08-20 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | 光纤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160170137A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
CN105527675A (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
CN105527675B (zh) | 2020-05-15 |
US10197728B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
EP3012235A2 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
US9658395B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
US20160109651A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
EP3012235A3 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
JP6282622B2 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
EP3012235B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6282622B2 (ja) | 低損失光ファイバ及びその製造方法 | |
JP7190236B2 (ja) | フッ素および塩素が共ドープされたコア領域を有する低損失光ファイバ | |
JP6632600B2 (ja) | 高塩素含有量の低減衰光ファイバー | |
CN108469648B (zh) | 一种超低损耗大有效面积单模光纤及其制造方法 | |
US10259742B2 (en) | Optical fiber with low loss and nanoscale structurally homogeneous core | |
CN110187433B (zh) | 光纤和光纤母材的制造方法 | |
US8073301B2 (en) | Low loss optical fiber designs for confining optical power to low-doped regions | |
CN111372899B (zh) | 纤芯共掺杂了两种或更多种卤素的低损耗光纤 | |
US10031282B2 (en) | Optical fiber | |
US9776907B2 (en) | Optical fibers and preforms with one step fluorine trench and overclad and methods for making the same | |
WO2020033219A1 (en) | Method of making halogen co-doped cores for optical fibers and optical fibers | |
CN106604899B (zh) | 光纤预制棒、光纤和光纤的制造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20160223 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20161221 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20170105 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20170405 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170703 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20171226 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20180124 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6282622 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |