JP2015516174A - バイオマス材料から揮発性有機化合物を生産する方法 - Google Patents
バイオマス材料から揮発性有機化合物を生産する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015516174A JP2015516174A JP2015512836A JP2015512836A JP2015516174A JP 2015516174 A JP2015516174 A JP 2015516174A JP 2015512836 A JP2015512836 A JP 2015512836A JP 2015512836 A JP2015512836 A JP 2015512836A JP 2015516174 A JP2015516174 A JP 2015516174A
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- biomass material
- volatile organic
- prepared biomass
- prepared
- sugar
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Images
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- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
・炭水化物の貯蔵;
・ヘミセルロースおよびセルロースの酵素加水分解にリグノセルロース画分を利用できるようにすること;および
・サトウモロコシからエタノールを回収するより経済的な手段。
1)施設を設置できる地理的地域を大幅に拡大すること、
2)作物がその最高の生産力を示すときに作物を収穫すること、
3)その最高の糖濃度となり得る状態で作物を収穫すること、
4)それでもなお経済的なより短い収穫期間、および
5)発酵のためにバイオマスからジュースをとる必要性をなくすこと
を可能にする。
実施例A
この実施例において、新鮮な細断済みモロコシの様々なサンプルを表A.1で列挙したような添加された様々な成分と混合して、サイレージチューブ中で258日間保存した。各実験で生産されたエタノールの量を表の一番下の列に示す。選択された添加剤の添加率を表A.2に示す。
実施例Bにおいて、3種の追加実験を表B.1に示す。選択された添加剤の添加率を表B.2に示す。
これらの実験において、無溶媒回収ユニットとしてGEA SSD(商標)を使用した。以下の表C.1において、上のセクションは、システムに供給された調製済みバイオマス材料の所定の特性を説明している。次のセクションは、無溶媒回収システムから出る固形成分の状態を説明している。第三のセクションは、無溶媒回収システムの稼働条件を示し、最後のセクションは、主要な液体成分:エタノール、酢酸、および水の回収率を記載している。全てのケースにおいてここで示されることは、固体中に存在するエタノールの90%より多く(いくつかの場合では100%)を回収する能力、および無溶媒回収システムの条件に基づきエタノールおよび水の回収量を変更する能力である。また以下のサンプル10、11、および12は有意な量の酢酸も含有することから、このプロセスは効率的な酢酸回収にも使用できることが示される。
試験された条件のうちいくつかにおいて、残存するセルロースの一部がバイオマスに変換されるように、揮発物質回収ユニットから生じたバイオマスの十分な前処理を行った。上記の実施例Cのサンプル6および7からの条件によれば、残りの固形成分のサンプルに少量の酵素および酵母を添加して嫌気性環境中で保存したところ統計学的に有意な量のエタノールが生産された。試験された他の条件は、サンプル3、4、8、10、および12による条件である。これらのサンプルは、サンプル6および7と同じ試験条件に置いてもエタノールを生産しなかった。これより、サンプル番号6および7で記載された試験条件下において、本発明の所定の実施態様は、揮発性有機物質回収ユニットからの固形成分のサイロ貯蔵によるそれに続くセルロース系エタノールの生産に使用できると結論付けられる。
これらの実験において、本発明の形態に従って700トンのパイルを調製し、バンカー中で保存した。バンカー貯蔵の504日目に、パイルの上部、中心、および底部から3つのサンプルを採取したところ、全て類似のレベルの化合物を示した。サンプルを4℃で保存した。
サンプルをろ過せずに60mLのシリンジで絞り出し、液体を収集した。
1)5975Cマススペクトロメーターを備えたアジレント(Agilent)7890GCを以下の条件下で用いてサンプルを試験した:
・ヘッドスペースのオプションを有するアジレントCTCオートサンプラー
・2.5mlの加熱したシリンジ、130℃でのS/SLインレットへの1mlのインジェクションサイズ、20:1の分割比
・1.4μmのフィルムを有する60MのDBを有する624カラム(内径0.25)での分離。
・パーキン・エルマー(Perkin Elmer)製のターボマトリックス(Turbomatrix)40ヘッドスペースオートサンプラー
・60MのDBを有するSMS(内径0.25mm)、1.0μmのフィルム、100:1の分割比。
Claims (16)
- 少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物の生産方法であって:
少なくとも約10トンの調製済みバイオマス材料を生成すること、ここで前記調製済みバイオマス材料は、糖含有固体バイオマスに添加された少なくとも1種の添加剤を含み、前記少なくとも1種の添加剤は、微生物、ならびに任意に酸および/または酵素を含む;
調製済みバイオマス材料を、貯蔵施設で少なくとも約24時間貯蔵して、糖の少なくとも一部から少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を生産させること;および
貯蔵されたバイオマス材料を無溶媒回収システムに供給して、貯蔵されたバイオマス材料を、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を含むガス成分と固形成分とに少なくとも分離することにより、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を捕捉すること
を含む、上記方法。 - 少なくとも約700トンの調製済みバイオマス材料が、約1〜7ヶ月の範囲の期間で生成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも約25,000トンの調製済みバイオマス材料が生成される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 調製済みバイオマス材料1トンあたり約14〜16ガロンのエタノールが回収される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオマス材料が、少なくとも1種の発酵性糖産生植物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の発酵性糖産生植物が、モロコシ(sorghum)、サトウキビ(sugarcane)、砂糖大根(sugar beet)、エネルギー原料用キビ(energy cane)、およびあらゆるそれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも1種を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記調製済みバイオマス材料が、少なくとも2種の異なるタイプの植物を含み、ここで各タイプの植物は異なる収穫期を有する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の糖産生植物が、その潜在的な糖生産量の少なくとも約80%に達したときに、前記植物が収穫される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵工程が、調製済みバイオマス材料を約72時間〜約700日の範囲の期間貯蔵することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵工程が、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物への糖の変換効率が少なくとも約95%になるのに十分な期間、調製済みバイオマス材料を貯蔵することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵施設が、無溶媒回収システムから約0.5マイルのところに配置される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記貯蔵工程が、少なくとも約10フィートの高さを有する調製済みバイオマス材料の少なくとも1つのパイルを形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのパイルの形成は、調製済みバイオマス材料の少なくとも一部を締固めして、嫌気性環境の確立を容易にすることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記捕捉する工程が:
無溶媒回収システムの閉鎖された区画に、1種またはそれより多くの揮発性有機化合物を含有する調製済みバイオマス材料を導入すること;
閉鎖された区画中で、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を含む過熱蒸気ストリームと調製済みバイオマス材料とを接触させて、調製済みバイオマス材料中の最初の液状内容物の少なくとも一部を蒸発させること;
調製済みバイオマス材料から、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を含むガス成分と固形成分とを分離すること;および
ガス成分の少なくとも一部を、過熱蒸気ストリームの一部として使用するために保持すること
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 揮発性有機化合物を含有する保存可能な湿潤バイオマスの生産方法であって、前記方法は:
少なくとも約10トンの固体バイオマスに少なくとも1種の添加剤を添加して、調製済みバイオマス材料を生成すること、ここで前記固体バイオマスは、糖産生植物を含み、前記少なくとも1種の添加剤は、微生物、ならびに場合により酸および/または酵素を含む;および
調製済みバイオマス材料中の糖の少なくとも一部を揮発性有機化合物に変換させること;
を含み、ここで前記バイオマス材料は、揮発性有機化合物の有意な分解を起こすことなく約700日間保存が可能である、上記方法。 - 無溶媒回収システムの閉鎖された区画に、1種またはそれより多くの揮発性有機化合物を含有する調製済みバイオマス材料を導入すること;
閉鎖された区画中で、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を含む過熱蒸気ストリームと調製済みバイオマス材料とを接触させて、調製済みバイオマス材料中の最初の液状内容物の少なくとも一部を蒸発させること;
調製済みバイオマス材料から、少なくとも1種の揮発性有機化合物を含むガス成分と固形成分とを分離すること;および
ガス成分の少なくとも一部を、過熱蒸気ストリームの一部として使用するために保持すること
をさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
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