JP2015511647A - 低密度完全水発泡ポリウレタン硬質フォーム - Google Patents
低密度完全水発泡ポリウレタン硬質フォーム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015511647A JP2015511647A JP2014561428A JP2014561428A JP2015511647A JP 2015511647 A JP2015511647 A JP 2015511647A JP 2014561428 A JP2014561428 A JP 2014561428A JP 2014561428 A JP2014561428 A JP 2014561428A JP 2015511647 A JP2015511647 A JP 2015511647A
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Abstract
Description
本発明の硬質ポリウレタンフォームを調製するために、ポリイソシアネート成分およびイソシアネート反応性成分の両方を配合物中に含めることが第1に必要である。ポリイソシアネート成分は、米国において「A−成分(A−component)」(ヨーロッパにおいては「B−成分(B−component)」)と呼ばれる。本明細書では配合物のイソシアネート成分を含まない部分をB−成分と呼ぶ。A−成分は、これに限定されないが、当業者に良く知られている物を含めた、多様な種類のポリイソシアネートから選択してよい。例えば、有機ポリイソシアネート、変性ポリイソシアネート、イソシアネート系プレポリマーおよびそれらの混合物を用いてよい。これらには、脂肪族および脂環式のイソシアネート、および詳細には芳香族の、より詳細には多官能性芳香族のイソシアネートがさらに含まれ得る。さらに詳細には好ましいものは、ポリフェニルポリメチレンポリイソシアネート(PMDI)である。
本発明の配合物の第2の要件は、少なくとも1種のイソシアネート反応性成分である。「イソシアネート反応性」は、この成分が−N=C=O−基と反応する少なくとも1種の官能基を有することを意味する。例えば、官能基がヒドロキシル(−OH−)基の場合、結果はウレタン結合である。官能基がアミン(−NH)基の場合、結果は尿素である。反応物が水(H2O)の場合、結果は二酸化炭素ある。他の反応も起こり得る。本発明において本イソシアネート反応性成分は、本明細書の以下に述べるような少なくとも2種の構成物質を含み、さらには本明細書の以下に述べるような追加の構成物質も含む。イソシアネート反応性成分は、少なくとも3種の必須の構成物質を含む。
その結果非限定的な実施形態において、合計100wt%とするための残りの配合物には、添加剤、例えば鎖延長剤、充填剤、顔料、特性改質剤、例えば難燃剤、および他の添加剤、例えば一般に当業者によく知られるであろうものが含まれ得る。特に注目すべきなのは、ごく少量(B−成分の重量に基づいて合計1.5wt%未満)の他の触媒が本発明の配合物に含まれていてもよく、発泡および/または硬化および/または三量化に向けられていてもよいことである。こうしたものには、これに限定されないが、DMBA以外のアミン系触媒が含まれ得る。例えば、触媒パッケージ全体には、Air Products and Chemicals,Inc.によりPOLYCAT 5の商品名で販売されているペンタメチルジエチレントリアミン、および/またはAir Products and Chemicals,Inc.によりPOLYCAT 8の商品名で販売されているDMCHA、N,N−ジメチルシクロヘキシルアミンが含まれ得る。一般には、少なくとも1つの酸素を含有する短鎖第三級アミンまたは第三級アミンは、特に発泡を促進する傾向がある場合があり、ビス−(2−ジメチルアミノエチル)エーテル;ペンタメチル−ジエチレン−トリアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、ジメチルエタノールアミン、N,N,N’,N’−テトラ−メチルエチレンジアミン、尿素およびそれらの組み合わせが含まれ得る。特定の一実施形態において、ビス(ジメチル−アミノエチル)エーテルおよびジプロピレングリコールの組み合わせを、例えば70/30重量パーセント比において用いてもよい。上記のいずれかの組み合わせも選択してよい。
本発明のプロセスに従って調製される低密度の、主としてまたは完全に水発泡性のポリウレタンフォームは、硬質で、発泡した、クローズドセルのポリマーである。こうしたポリマーは、典型的には優先度および/または装置性能に従って変更されてよい混合手順によって全ての反応成分をよく混合することにより調製される。一実施形態において、許容され所望されるイソシアネート反応性成分、必須の触媒および任意の追加の成分は1つの流れに組み合わせてよく、主要のまたは唯一の発泡剤としての水は第2の流れであってよく、イソシアネート成分は第3の流れであってよい。これらの3つの流れは、次いで電化製品の空洞への注入のために、例えばスタティックミキサーの有るまたは無い混合ヘッド内で、同時に組み合わせてよい。別の実施形態において、イソシアネート反応性成分、触媒、追加の成分および水は1つの流れとして組み合わせてよく、イソシアネート成分は第2の流れであってよい。他の手順も選択してよい。混合は、室温または僅かに上昇した温度で、短い時間で実行してよい。反応混合物は、次いで注ぐか、または生産ラインに沿って運ばれる金属箔もしくは別の材料で作られている硬質または柔軟性の化粧シートなどの平らな基板上または空洞もしくは容器の中の硬質ポリウレタンフォームのための基板の内表面もしくは表面に堆積させる。これらの容器の実施形態において、反応混合物は、開放鋳型内に堆積させるか、または据え付け装置(laydown equipment)によって開放鋳型内に広げるか、または単に上文に記したように、例えば冷凍装置などの構造の内壁と外壁との間などの目的とする任意の位置にもしくはその中に堆積する、すなわち「現場注入(pour−in−place)」利用であってもよい。化粧シート上の堆積の場合は、堆積した混合物の上部に第2のシートを利用してもよい。他の実施形態において、混合物は、キャビティー充填のための真空補助が有るまたは無い密閉型に注入してもよい。型を用いる場合は、最も典型的には反応混合物の堆積より前に加熱する。
材料は、表1に従って実施例1、実施例2および比較例A組成物としてCannon A40高圧装置内で組み合わせる。A16/12ミリメートル(mm)L−ヘッドを以下の処理条件で用いる:別段の指示がない限り、混合圧力150バール(約15,000kPa)、ポリオールおよびイソシアネート温度20〜22℃ならびに秒当たり200グラム(g/s)の生産量。Brett型(200×20×5cm)から取出した試料を、最小充填密度(minimum fill density)(MFD)、平均密度分布(ADD)、圧縮強度、寸法安定性および粘着性を測定するために用いる。フォーム形成中にフォームを評価し、その後試験による結果が表2に示される。示されるデータは、10%過剰に詰まったフォームから得られたものである。反応性および自由膨張密度の測定は、袋発泡した部分から取る。試験手順に関するさらなる情報を下文に提供する:
・自由膨張密度(FRD)および反応性。自由膨張フォームを寸法50×40センチメートル(cm)のポリエチレン袋に注ぎ入れて20×20×20cmの木箱内に置き、次いで反応パラメーター(クリーム時間、ゲル化時間および不粘着時間)を測定する。30分後に試験片を出来るだけ大きい定形に切ることにより自由膨張密度を測定する。
・機械的特性。圧縮強度をEN 826基準に従って測定する。試験は、膨張(フォーム厚さ)に垂直な方向においてBrettパネルから切り出した10×10×5cmの試験片上で実行する。圧縮強度は、パネル全体長さを覆う異なる位置における5個の試験片の平均値として報告する。
・寸法安定性。試験は、EN 1604基準に従って、8×8×4cmの試験片を高温(80℃)および低温(−25℃)の両方で20時間調整し実行する。
・引張接着強度(TBS、粘着性試験)。本試験は、EN 1607を参照するEN 14509(サンドイッチパネルのための欧州製品基準)に従って実行する。フォーム試料の2つの表面(上部および底部)に対する粘着性を、試験片の表面に直交する引張試験を通して同時に測定する。
Claims (9)
- ポリウレタン硬質フォームを調製するための配合物を含む組成物であって、前記配合物は、
少なくとも1種のイソシアネート成分;
少なくとも1種のイソシアネート反応性成分であって、
ポリオールのグラム当たりのヒドロキシル価が水酸化カリウムの350〜550ミリグラムであり官能性が5より大きい、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて30〜50重量パーセントの第1のポリエーテルポリオールと、
ジオールのグラム当たりのヒドロキシル価が100〜300ミリグラム水酸化カリウムである、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて5〜25重量パーセントの少なくとも1種のジオールと、
官能性が3〜5である、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて15〜35重量パーセントの少なくとも1種の第2のポリエーテルポリオールと、
を含むイソシアネート反応性成分;
ジメチルベンジルアミン、1,2−ジメチル−イミダゾールおよびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて1.5〜5重量パーセントの触媒;
グリシン塩、トリス(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノールおよびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて0重量パーセント超〜1重量パーセントの触媒;
成分2から6の総重量に基づいて4.1wt%超の発泡剤としての水;ならびに任意で、
任意の追加の構成物質または複数の構成物質;
を含み;
前記少なくとも1種のイソシアネート成分(1)を除いた、成分2から6の重量の合計を100重量パーセントとすると、前記配合物が摂氏20度で540〜864ミリパスカル*秒の動的粘度を有し;
ワンショット条件下で反応する場合、架橋に対する分子量の比が380〜420であるポリウレタン硬質フォームを形成する、組成物。 - 前記配合物は、追加の構成物質として成分2から6の重量に基づいて5〜15重量パーセントの、リン系でありハロゲンを含まない難燃剤を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記イソシアネート成分は、4,4’−、2,4’−および2,2’−ジフェニル−メタンジイソシアネートならびに対応する異性体の混合物;2,4−および/または2,6−トルエンジイソシアネートならびに対応する異性体の混合物;ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートおよびポリフェニルポリメチレンポリイソシアネートの混合物;ならびにトルエンジイソシアネートおよびポリフェニルポリメチレンポリイソシアネートの混合物;ならびにポリフェニルポリメチレンポリイソシアネートからなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1のポリエーテルポリオール(2)(a)は、分子量が450〜900のプロポキシ化ソルビトール開始ポリオールからなる群から選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1のポリエーテルポリオール(2)(a)は、水共開始であり、水共開始のソルビトール系ポリオール中に含まれる、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ジオール(2)(b)は、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリブチレングリコール、ポリグリコール系ポリエーテルポリオールおよびそれらの組み合わせを含むポリグリコールからなる群から選択される、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記発泡剤(5)としての水の量は、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて4.1重量パーセント超〜5.0重量パーセントである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記発泡剤(5)としての水の量は、4.2重量パーセント〜5.0重量パーセントである、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 硬質ポリウレタンフォームを調製するためのプロセスであって、前記プロセスは、
(1)少なくとも1種のイソシアネート成分;
(2)少なくとも1種のイソシアネート反応性成分であって、
(a)ポリオールのグラム当たりのヒドロキシル価が水酸化カリウムの350〜550ミリグラムであり官能性が5より大きい、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて30〜50重量パーセントの第1のポリエーテルポリオール;
(b)ジオールのグラム当たりのヒドロキシル価が100〜300ミリグラム水酸化カリウムである、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて5〜25重量パーセントの少なくとも1種のジオール;および
(c)官能性が3〜5である、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて15〜35重量パーセントの少なくとも1種の第2のポリエーテルポリオール;
を含む前記イソシアネート反応性成分;を、
(3)ジメチルベンジルアミン、1,2−ジメチル−イミダゾールおよびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて1.5〜5重量パーセントの触媒;
(4)グリシン塩、トリス(ジメチルアミノメチル)フェノールおよびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、成分2から6の総重量に基づいて0重量パーセント超〜1重量パーセントの触媒;
(5)成分2から6の総重量に基づいて4.1wt%超の発泡剤としての水;ならびに、任意で、
(6)任意の追加の構成物質または複数の構成物質;
の存在下で反応させるステップを含み;
成分2から6の重量の合計を100重量パーセントとすると、摂氏20度で540〜864ミリパスカル*秒の動的粘度を有し;
ワンショット条件下で反応する場合、架橋に対する分子量の比が380〜420であるポリウレタン硬質フォームを形成する、前記プロセス。
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- 2013-03-13 WO PCT/EP2013/055089 patent/WO2013135746A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-03-13 CN CN201380013669.8A patent/CN104169318B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-13 US US14/385,407 patent/US9266991B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2825577B1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
MX2014011088A (es) | 2014-11-25 |
ES2657287T3 (es) | 2018-03-02 |
US9266991B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
RU2631250C2 (ru) | 2017-09-20 |
EP2825577A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
BR112014018131A8 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
JP6100289B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
PL2825577T3 (pl) | 2018-05-30 |
RU2014141378A (ru) | 2016-05-10 |
BR112014018131A2 (ja) | 2017-06-20 |
CN104169318A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
WO2013135746A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
US20150065592A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
CN104169318B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
TR201802484T4 (tr) | 2018-03-21 |
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