JP2015505577A - ベンゼン含量が低減されたガソリンを製造するための接触改質法および接触改質システム - Google Patents
ベンゼン含量が低減されたガソリンを製造するための接触改質法および接触改質システム Download PDFInfo
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- benzene
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 aromatics Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/08—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of reforming naphtha
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/02—Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/16—Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with a six-membered ring
- C07C13/18—Monocyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with a six-membered ring with a cyclohexane ring
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
- C07C5/10—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of aromatic six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
-
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/44—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G63/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G63/02—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
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- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/42—Platinum
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- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
101 ナフサ流
102 水素化処理ナフサ流
103 ガソリン改質油生成物流
104 相対的に貧ベンゼンである軽質改質油塔頂画分
105 水素ガス
106 相対的に貧ベンゼンである重質改質油塔底画分
107 相対的に富ベンゼンである中間画分
108 貧ベンゼン(ある態様では本質的にベンゼン不含有)のガソリンブレンド用成分
110 水素化処理装置
120 改質装置
125 改質油分離装置
130 水素化装置(ベンゼン飽和装置)
135 ガソリン槽
200 先行技術の接触改質システムのフローチャート
250 熱交換器
251 原料油
252 加熱された原料油
255A 直接加熱炉
255B 直接加熱炉
255C 直接加熱炉
255D 直接加熱炉
260A 反応器
260B 反応器
260C 反応器
260D 反応器
261 水素および改質油の流れ
270 分離器
271 水素流
272 水素流271の一部
273 分離器塔底画分流
274 水素ガス271の残余
280 スタビライザー塔
281 軽質最終製品流
282 改質油流
290 圧縮機
300 本発明の統合システム
301 ナフサ流
302 水素化処理ナフサ流
303 ガソリン改質油生成物流
304 相対的に貧ベンゼンである画分
305 水素流
306 相対的に貧ベンゼンである重質画分
307 相対的に富ベンゼンである中間画分
308 貧ベンゼン(ある態様では本質的にベンゼン不含有)の水素化改質油
310 水素化処理装置
320 改質装置
325 改質油分離装置
330 水素化またはベンゼン飽和装置
335 ガソリン槽
340 サージドラム
341 水素化改質油の一部
342 水素化改質油の残余
Claims (23)
- 触媒の存在下でナフサ流含有改質装置原料油を改質して、ガソリン改質油生成物流を生成する工程;
ガソリン改質油生成物流を、1つ以上の相対的に富ベンゼンである画分および1つ以上の相対的に貧ベンゼンである画分に分離する工程;および
1つ以上の相対的に富ベンゼンである画分を水素化して、富シクロヘキサン流出物を生成する工程
を含む、接触改質法。 - 富シクロヘキサン流出物の少なくとも一部を再循環させて、改質装置原料油の一部とする工程を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 富シクロヘキサン流出物が改質装置原料油の2〜60体積%を占めるような割合で、富シクロヘキサン流出物を再循環させる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 水素純度は、再循環富シクロヘキサン流出物1体積%あたり0.12体積%の割合で高める、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 260℃〜560℃の範囲の温度で改質工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 450℃〜560℃の範囲の温度で改質工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1bar〜50barの範囲の圧力で改質工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1bar〜20barの範囲の圧力で改質工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 0.5h−1〜40h−1の範囲の液空間速度で改質工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 0.5h−1〜2h−1の範囲の液空間速度で改質工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒は、周期表のVIIIB族から選択される活性金属を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒はアルミナに担持されている、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 1つ以上の富ベンゼン画分を水素化するために使用する水素は、補給水素、または処理を行う精製装置からのパージ流である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 35℃〜200℃の範囲の温度で水素化工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 95℃〜140℃の範囲の温度で水素化工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 5bar〜50barの範囲の圧力で水素化工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 5bar〜25barの範囲の圧力で水素化工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 0.5h−1〜10h−1の範囲の液空間速度で水素化工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 1h−1〜4h−1の範囲の液空間速度で水素化工程を実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水素化装置において触媒を使用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒は、周期表のVIIIB族から選択される活性金属を含有する、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 触媒はアルミナに担持されている、請求項20に記載の方法。
- ナフサ流と流体連結している入口、およびガソリン改質油生成物流を放出するための出口を含む改質操作ユニット;
改質操作ユニットの出口と流体連結している入口、1つ以上の相対的に富ベンゼンである画分の出口、および1つ以上の相対的に貧ベンゼンである画分の出口を含む分離操作ユニット;
1つ以上の相対的に富ベンゼンである画分の出口と流体連結している入口、水素の入口、および富シクロヘキサン生成物の出口を含む水素化操作ユニット;および
富シクロヘキサン生成物の少なくとも一部を改質操作ユニットに再循環させるための、改質操作ユニット入口と水素化操作ユニットの富シクロヘキサン生成物出口と流体連結している導管
を含んでなる接触改質システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261593506P | 2012-02-01 | 2012-02-01 | |
US61/593,506 | 2012-02-01 | ||
PCT/US2012/046150 WO2013115840A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2012-07-11 | Catalytic reforming process and system for producing reduced benzene gasoline |
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JP2015505577A true JP2015505577A (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
JP2015505577A5 JP2015505577A5 (ja) | 2015-07-23 |
JP5937234B2 JP5937234B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
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JP2014555543A Expired - Fee Related JP5937234B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 | 2012-07-11 | ベンゼン含量が低減されたガソリンを製造するための接触改質法および接触改質システム |
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JP (1) | JP5937234B2 (ja) |
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US9682904B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2017-06-20 | Uop Llc | Process for separating benzene from a reactor effluent |
US10144885B2 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2018-12-04 | Uop Llc | Processes and apparatuses for removing benzene for gasoline blending |
CN107602330A (zh) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-19 | 武汉凯顺石化科技有限公司 | 一种从汽油副产物中分离苯的装置及方法 |
CN109704911B (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 芳烃抽余油生产己烷的方法 |
CN109704908B (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 芳烃抽余油制备己烷的方法 |
CN109704909B (zh) * | 2017-10-26 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 抽余油生产己烷的方法 |
US11046899B2 (en) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-06-29 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Two stage hydrodearylation systems and processes to convert heavy aromatics into gasoline blending components and chemical grade aromatics |
CN117511597A (zh) * | 2022-08-04 | 2024-02-06 | 菲利普斯66公司 | 从中间馏分重整油去除苯的工艺 |
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US20140322092A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
ES2655528T3 (es) | 2018-02-20 |
JP5937234B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
KR101835928B1 (ko) | 2018-03-07 |
US9187703B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
US20130193034A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
NO2809749T3 (ja) | 2018-03-31 |
CN103998578A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
CN103998578B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
US8801920B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 |
WO2013115840A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
EP2809749A1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
KR20140131321A (ko) | 2014-11-12 |
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SG11201404461WA (en) | 2014-09-26 |
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