JP2015024991A - ヘテロレプティックオスミウム錯体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ヘテロレプティックオスミウム錯体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015024991A JP2015024991A JP2014150441A JP2014150441A JP2015024991A JP 2015024991 A JP2015024991 A JP 2015024991A JP 2014150441 A JP2014150441 A JP 2014150441A JP 2014150441 A JP2014150441 A JP 2014150441A JP 2015024991 A JP2015024991 A JP 2015024991A
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- Prior art keywords
- formula
- osmium
- group
- bzm
- cycloalkyl
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- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- MQZFZDIZKWNWFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium(2+) Chemical compound [Os+2] MQZFZDIZKWNWFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 amino, silyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000096 monohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WIUZHVZUGQDRHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzothiolo[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WIUZHVZUGQDRHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000000607 proton-decoupled 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 3
- 125000003542 3-methylbutan-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- DHFABSXGNHDNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzoselenophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3[se]C2=C1 DHFABSXGNHDNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNRDGHFESOHOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzoselenophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[se]C=CC2=C1 BNRDGHFESOHOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid (2S,3S)-3,4-dimethyl-2-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.C[C@H]1[C@@H](OCCN1C)c1ccccc1 VEPOHXYIFQMVHW-XOZOLZJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- OLGGLCIDAMICTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-yl-1h-indole Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 OLGGLCIDAMICTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWCDLEQTELFBAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxazole Chemical compound N1OOC=C1 BWCDLEQTELFBAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJIRXUOQWZCTFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C[N+]2=CN(C=C2)C2=CC(=CC=C2)N2C=[N+](C=C2)CC2(CC=CC=C2)C)CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CC1(C[N+]2=CN(C=C2)C2=CC(=CC=C2)N2C=[N+](C=C2)CC2(CC=CC=C2)C)CC=CC=C1 QJIRXUOQWZCTFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- QZLAKPGRUFFNRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzoselenolo[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3[se]C2=C1 QZLAKPGRUFFNRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005544 indolocarbazole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UEEXRMUCXBPYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium;2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir].C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 UEEXRMUCXBPYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZHVQJLDOFKHPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiazine Chemical compound O1SN=CC=C1 AZHVQJLDOFKHPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxatriazole Chemical compound C1=NN=NO1 CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000005360 2-phenylpyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMEQBOSUJUOXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxadiazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=N1 QMEQBOSUJUOXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC1=C(C=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CN=C21 DHDHJYNTEFLIHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n-(3-methylphenyl)-1-n,1-n-bis[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]-4-n-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 DIVZFUBWFAOMCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHBIKXOBLZWFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C(O)C2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 UHBIKXOBLZWFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBVBNCGJVKIEHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1]benzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 FBVBNCGJVKIEHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002907 osmium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBBSSGXNXGXONI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthro[9,10-b]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=N1 KBBSSGXNXGXONI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIYPENPUNLHEBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthro[9,10-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=N1 RIYPENPUNLHEBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical class N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004033 porphyrin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004983 proton decoupled 13C NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfadiazine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=NC=CC=N1 SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】式Iを有するオスミウム(II)錯体を製造する方法であって、(a)配位子L1の前駆体をオスミウム前駆体と反応させ、中間体を形成することと;(b)配位子L2の前駆体を前記中間体と反応させること、とを含むオスミウム(II)錯体の製造方法。前記オスミウム前駆体は、下記式で表わされる化合物。OsHx(PR3)y(xは2〜6の整数、yは2〜5の整数;Rはアリール、アルキル、及びシクロアルキルから選択)
(L1及びL2は独立して、ビスカルベン三座配位子;L1及びL2は、同一であっても異なっていてもよい)
【選択図】図1
Description
(a)配位子L1の前駆体をオスミウム前駆体と反応させ、中間体を形成することと;
(b)配位子L2の前駆体を前記中間体と反応させること、
とを含み、
前記オスミウム前駆体は、式OsHx(PR3)y(式中、xは、2〜6の整数であり、yは2〜5の整数であり、Rは、アリール、アルキル、及びシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される。)を有する方法が開示される。
方法(A):DMF(5mL)中、OsH6(PiPr3)2(261mg、0.505mmol)の溶液を1,3−ビス[(1−メチル)ベンジルイミダゾリウム−3−イル]ベンゼンジヨージド(300mg、0.505mmol)で処理した。得られた混合物を20分間還流し、非常に暗色の溶液を得た。室温で冷却した後、溶媒を真空中で除去し、暗色の残渣を得た。暗色の残渣を10mLのテトラヒドロフラン(THF)中で溶解し、KtBuO(142mg、1.263mmol)を溶液に添加した。室温で10分間撹拌した後、得られた懸濁液をセライトで濾過し、カリウム塩を除去した。このように得られた溶液を乾燥状態まで蒸発させ、黄色残渣を得た。ペンタンの添加により黄色固体が得られ、ペンタン(1x2mL)で洗浄し、真空中で乾燥し、黄色固体を得た。収率:378mg(88%)。
方法(B):THF(5mL)中、ジハイドライドBF4(200mg、0.213mmol)の溶液をKtBuO(28.6mg、0.255mmol)で処理した。室温で10分間撹拌した後、得られた懸濁液をセライトで濾過し、カリウム塩を除去した。このように得られた溶液を乾燥状態まで蒸発させ、黄色残渣を得た。ペンタンの添加により黄色固体が得られ、ペンタン(1x2mL)で洗浄し、真空中で乾燥し、黄色固体を得た。収率:163mg(90%)。C40H60N4OsP2の分析計算: C, 56.58; H, 7.12; N, 6.60.実測値: C, 56.00; H, 6.69; N, 6.76. HRMS (エレクトロスプレー, m/z): [M + H]+の計算値 851.3983;実測値: 851.3979. IR (cm−1): ν(Os−H) 1889 (w). 1H NMR (300 MHz, C6D6, 298K): δ 8.17 (d, JH−H = 7.7, 2H, CH Ph), 8.06 (d, JH−H = 7.7, 2H, CH bzm), 7.60 (t, JH−H = 7.7, 1H, CH Ph), 7.20 (td, JH−H = 7.9, JH−H = 1.0, 2H, CH bzm), 7.14−7.03 (m, 4H CH bzm), 3.92 (s, 6H, CH3), 1.55 (m, 6H, PCH(CH3)2), 0.67 (dvt, JH.H = 6.9, N = 12.3, 36H, PCH(CH3)2), −9.55 (t, JH−P = 33.6, 1H, Os−H). 13C{1H} NMR (75.42 MHz, C6D6, 293K): δ 197.6 (t, JC−P = 9.2, Os−NCN), 173.2 (t, JC−P = 2.9, Os−C), 148.4 (s, C Ph), 137.3 (s, C Bzm), 134.4 (s, C Bzm), 121.5 (s, CH Bzm), 121.2 (s, CH Bzm), 117.9 (s, CH Ph), 109.6 (s, CH Bzm), 108.5 (s, CH Bzm), 105.8 (s, CH Ph), 37.9 (s, CH3), 31.0 (t, N = 24.2, PCH(CH3)2), 19.7 (s, PCH(CH3)2). 31P{1H} NMR (121.4 MHz, C6D6, 293K): δ 20.6 (s,非共鳴条件下のダブレット).図3は、X線回析法のキャラクタリゼーションによるモノハイドライド錯体の分子構造を示す。選択された結合距離(Å)及び結合角(°): Os−P(1) = 2.3512(18), Os−P(2) = 2.3529(17), Os−C(1) = 2.052(6), Os−C(9) = 2.036(3), Os−C(15) = 2.035(6); P(1)−Os−P(2) = 152.86(6), C(1)−Os−C(9) = 75.5(2), C(9)−Os−C(15) = 75.4(2), C(1)−Os(C15) = 150.9(2).
方法(B):DMF(5mL)中、OsH6(PiPr3)2(235mg、0.455mmol)の溶液を1,3−ビス[(1−メチル)ベンジルイミダゾリウム−3−イル]−5−トリフルオロメチル−ベンゼンジヨージド(300mg、0.455mmol)で処理した。得られた混合物を20分間還流し、非常に暗色の溶液を得た。室温で冷却した後、溶媒を真空中で除去し、暗色の残渣を得た。4mLのトルエンの添加により、茶色固体の沈殿物が生じ、そこに更にジエチルエーテル(2x4mL)で洗浄した。茶色固体をTHF(10mL)中で溶解し、KtBuO(102mg、0.906mmol)を添加した。20分間撹拌した後、得られた懸濁液をセライトで濾過し、ヨウ化塩を除去した。このように得られた溶液を乾燥状態まで蒸発させ、ペンタン(4mL)を添加し、橙色の固体を得て、更にペンタン(1x3mL)で洗浄し、真空中で乾燥した。この橙色の固体をジエチルエーテル(10mL)で懸濁し、HBF4:Et2O(93μL、0.680mmol)で処理し、白色の懸濁液を得た。この固体をデカントし、更にジエチルエーテル(2x4mL)で洗浄し、真空中で乾燥した。収率:405mg(89%)。C41H60BF7N4OsP2の分析計算: C, 49.00; H, 6.02; N, 5.58.実測値: C, 49.21; H, 5.79; N, 5.69. HRMS (エレクトロスプレー, m/z):[M]+の計算値:919.3857;実測値: 919.4035. IR (cm−1): ν(Os−H) 2097 (w), ν(BF4) 1080−1000 (vs). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3CN, 298K): δ 9.60 (m, 2H, CH bzm), 9.41 (s, 2H, CH Ph), 8.96 (m, 2H, CH bzm), 8.80 (m, 4H, CH bzm), 5.57 (s, 6H, CH3), 2.80 (m, 6H, CHP), 1.91 (dvt, 36H, JHH = 7.1, N = 13.5, CH3−P), −4.70 (t, 2H, JH−P = 13.5, Hhyd); 13C{1H} NMR (75.42 MHz, CD3CN, 293K): δ 189.6 (t, JC−P = 7.5, NCN), 169.6 (t, JC−P = 5.7, Os−C), 146.7 (s, C Ph), 137.4 (s, C Bzm), 132.6 (s, C Bzm), 126.7 (q, JC−F = 270, CF3), 126.3 (q, JC−F = 28.6, CCF3), 125.4 (s, CH Bzm), 125.1 (s, CH Bzm), 113.2 (s, CH Bzm), 112.3 (s, CH Bzm ), 105.6 (q, JC−F = 3.9, CH Ph), 39.1 (s, CH3), 29.5 (t, N = 13.5, PCH(CH3)2), 19.6 (s, PCH(CH3)2). 31P{1H} NMR (121.4 MHz, CD3CN, 293K): δ 5.2 (s). 19F{1H} NMR (282 MHz, CD3CN, 293K): δ −60.21 (s, CF3); −151.7 (ブロードシグナル, BF4)
(a)配位子L1の前駆体をオスミウム前駆体と反応させ、中間体を形成することと;
(b)配位子L2の前駆体を前記中間体と反応させること、
とを含み、
前記オスミウム前駆体は、式OsHx(PR3)y(式中、xは、2〜6の整数であり、yは2〜5の整数であり、Rは、アリール、アルキル、及びシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される。)を有する方法が開示される。
他の材料との組合せ
HIL/HTL:
式中、kは1から20までの整数であり;X101からX108はC(CHを含む)又はNであり;Z101はNAr1、O、又はSであり;Ar1は、上記で定義したものと同じ基を有する。
式中、Metは、40より大きい原子量を有し得る金属であり;(Y101−Y102)は二座配位子であり、Y101及びY102は、C、N、O、P及びSから独立に選択され;L101は補助配位子であり;k’は、1から金属に付着し得る配位子の最大数までの整数値であり;且つ、k’+k’’は、金属に付着し得る配位子の最大数である。
ホスト:
HBL:
ETL:
110 基板
115 アノード
120 正孔注入層
125 正孔輸送層
130 電子ブロッキング層
135 発光層
140 正孔ブロッキング層
145 電子輸送層
150 電子注入層
155 保護層
160 カソード
162 第一の導電層
164 第二の導電層
170 バリア層
200 反転させたOLED、デバイス
210 基板
215 カソード
220 発光層
225 正孔輸送層
230 アノード
Claims (5)
- 下記の式Iを有するオスミウム(II)錯体を製造する方法であって、
(a)配位子L1の前駆体をオスミウム前駆体と反応させ、中間体を形成することと;
(b)配位子L2の前駆体を前記中間体と反応させること、
とを含み、
前記オスミウム前駆体は、式OsHx(PR3)y(式中、xは、2〜6の整数であり、yは2〜5の整数であり、Rは、アリール、アルキル、及びシクロアルキルからなる群から選択される。)を有することを特徴とする方法。
- L1及びL2が、独立して、下記の式IIを有する配位子から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
R3及びR4は、モノ、ジ置換を表すか、又は無置換でよく;
R5は、モノ、ジ、トリ置換を表すか、又は無置換でよく;
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5は、独立して、水素、重水素、ハライド、アルキル、シクロアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、アリールアルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、アミノ、シリル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アシル、カルボニル、カルボン酸、エステル、ニトリル、イソニトリル、スルファニル、スルフィニル、スルフォニル、ホスフィノ、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択され;
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5のうち任意の2つの隣接する置換基は、結合して環を形成してもよく;
破線は、オスミウムとの結合点を示す。) - 下記の式Iの構造を有することを特徴とする化合物。
L1及びL2は、独立して、下記の式IIを有する配位子から選択される。)
R3及びR4は、モノ、ジ置換を表すか、又は無置換でよく;
R5は、モノ、ジ、トリ置換を表すか、又は無置換でよく;
R1及びR2は、独立して、アルキル及びシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され;
R3、R4、及びR5は、独立して、水素、重水素、ハライド、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アラルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、アミノ、シリル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択され;
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5のうち任意の2つの隣接する置換基は、結合して縮合環を形成してもよく;
破線は、オスミウムとの結合点を示す。) - L1及びL2が、独立して、下記の式IIIを有する配位子から選択される請求項3に記載の化合物。
- 第1の有機発光デバイスを含む第1のデバイスであって、前記第1の有機発光デバイスは、
アノードと;
カソードと;
前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に配置され、下記の式Iの構造を有する化合物を含む有機層とを含むことを特徴とする第1のデバイス。
L1及びL2は、独立して、式IIを有する配位子から選択される。)
R3及びR4は、モノ、ジ置換を表すか、又は無置換でよく;
R5は、モノ、ジ、トリ置換を表すか、又は無置換でよく;
R1及びR2は、独立して、アルキル及びシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され;
R3、R4、及びR5は、独立して、水素、重水素、ハライド、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アラルキル、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、アミノ、シリル、アルケニル、シクロアルケニル、ヘテロアルケニル、アルキニル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、及びこれらの組合せからなる群から選択され;
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5のうち任意の2つの隣接する置換基は、結合して縮合環を形成してもよく;
破線は、オスミウムとの結合点を示す。)
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KR20150013009A (ko) | 2015-02-04 |
US20150028290A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
US20200176694A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
US20170250354A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
KR20200130669A (ko) | 2020-11-19 |
EP2830109A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
US10930866B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
KR102312243B1 (ko) | 2021-10-13 |
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