JP2014518924A - 合成ガス流におけるメタン及びより高級な炭化水素の部分酸化 - Google Patents
合成ガス流におけるメタン及びより高級な炭化水素の部分酸化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014518924A JP2014518924A JP2014511420A JP2014511420A JP2014518924A JP 2014518924 A JP2014518924 A JP 2014518924A JP 2014511420 A JP2014511420 A JP 2014511420A JP 2014511420 A JP2014511420 A JP 2014511420A JP 2014518924 A JP2014518924 A JP 2014518924A
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- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- synthesis gas
- stream
- fuel
- raw syngas
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- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/005—Carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
- C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
- C10K3/005—Reducing the tar content by partial oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0255—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/062—Hydrocarbon production, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch process
-
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
(A)炭素質供給材料のガス化により得られる原合成ガス流を提供する工程であって、該原合成ガス流は所望によりタールを含有してもよく、水素及びCO、並びにメタン、2又は3個の炭素原子を含有する炭化水素及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される1種以上の軽質炭化水素を含む、工程、
(B)添加される酸素のポンド当り125BTUより大きな割合で該原合成ガス流に熱を与えながら、該原合成ガス流に酸素を添加し、そして存在する場合にはタールをH2及びCOを含むより低い分子量の生成物に変換しながら、前記軽質炭化水素の1種以上を部分的に酸化して該合成ガス中の水素及びCOの量を増加させる工程、
を含む前記の合成ガス処理方法である。
(1)遊離形状又は結合形状のモリブデン、タングステン又はレニウムの触媒活性金属、
(2)遊離形状又は結合形状のコバルト、ニッケル又は鉄の共触媒金属、
(3)フィッシャー−トロプシュ助触媒、例えば、カリウムのようなアルカリ又はアルカリ土類金属、
(4)選択が自由の支持体、例えば、アルミナ、シリカゲル、珪藻土、
から成る。
上記触媒組成物の使用により、高い生産速度及び高い選択率の両方が提供される。
この化学量論から分かるように、該合成ガスにおける水素対一酸化炭素の最適モル比は2:1である。わずかにより低い比は、混合アルコール製造に使用される触媒(例えば、硫化モリブデン)によりいくらか補填されるが、該触媒はいくらかの水性ガスシフト活性を提供することが知られている。フィッシャー−トロプシュ反応器における、ここに示された水性ガスシフト反応:
の発生は、水素:一酸化炭素比を効果的に増加させ、従って合成ガスのエタノールへの変換を増加させる。
一つの選択肢は、部分酸化/改質反応に必要な酸素を改質装置中に別個に供給しながら、少なくとも90体積%酸素含量を有する酸化剤及び燃料を改質装置4内で適切なバーナー(酸素・燃料バーナーと言及される)を用いて燃焼することにより生成した燃焼熱として、補充熱を添加することである。合成ガス流中に発火させた酸素・燃料バーナーは合成ガスの温度を上昇させるのに使用される。酸素は、メタン及び/又はタールの部分酸化のために別個に注入される。酸素・燃料燃焼からの遊離基は部分酸化用酸素から離れて注入されるので、部分酸化反応の開始は遅れる可能性がある。これは、一定レベルの改質を成し遂げるためのより長い滞留時間要件をもたらすであろう。熱(酸素・燃料バーナー)及び酸素の別個の注入は、改質器における過熱点を避けるために用いることが出来るであろう。
本発明のもう一つの態様は、補充的燃料及び酸素を改質装置4において合成ガス中にバーナーの使用なしで直接に添加することである。高い充分な温度において該燃料及び酸素は該改質器中で燃焼して該改質器の温度を上昇させるであろう。添加された燃料を燃焼してメタン及び/又はタールを部分的に酸化するためには、充分な酸素が供給される必要があるであろう。この様式は、熱放出がより「拡散している」ので、効果的であるためにはかなり長い滞留時間を必要とするであろう。この態様に関して得られた実験データは、改質器中における長い滞留時間の間にこの代わりの様式が最適態様(熱酸素注入)に匹敵する増加した合成ガス収率を提供することが出来ることを、示唆している。しかしながら、もし燃料が(メタンのように)より反応性でないならば、その時は、補充酸素は、目的の燃料と反応することが出来る前に、より反応性の合成ガス成分、例えば、水素と実際に反応するかもしれない。
本発明の態様の多くは補充燃料の燃焼により補充熱を合成ガスに提供しているけれども、非燃焼方法により(酸素注入と同時に)合成ガスの温度を増加させることも可能である。例えば、電気的加熱原理を利用することが出来るであろう。これらの原理は非常に厳しい環境で作動しているであろうから、この選択はあまり魅力的でない。熱は又、酸化剤又は二次的反応体の同時注入と同時に又はなしで、プラズマ装置の使用によって原合成ガスに添加することも出来るであろう。もし非燃焼手段による熱の添加が酸化剤注入から著しく離されると、改質反応が生じ得る前に、タールの分解により受け入れられない炭素(すす)形成が起こるかもしれない。
熱発生装置又は燃焼生成物が合成ガスと直接接触していないことを意味する間接的方法により、合成ガスに熱を添加することも出来る。例えば、合成ガス流中に置かれた管内における、空気又は空気よりも高い酸素含量を有するガス流であってもよい酸化剤を用いた補充燃料の燃焼が含まれる。この方法は、(固体を含む)どんな燃料をも使用することが出来、(空気を含む)どんな酸化剤をも使用することが出来るであろうから、操作観点からは魅力的であるかもしれない。しかしながら、熱力学的観点からは、該加熱器の出口温度が(空気予熱でも)かなり高いだろうから、これは合成ガスを加熱するための最も効率の低い方法である。該高い処理温度は著しい原料制限をも招き、この方法を非実際的にするかもしれない。
最終合成ガスの特性を調整するために、二次的試薬の注入を本発明に統合することが出来る。例えば、動力学的モデリングは、水蒸気(特に酸素・燃料バーナーで加熱された水蒸気)の注入がH2/CO比を著しく増加させながら水素の収率を増加させることが示されていることを、示唆している。メタンのような炭化水素又は大量の流れ19テールガスの注入は、全体的合成ガス(CO+H2)量も増加させながら、水素収率をも増加させることが出来る。炭化水素添加に伴う合成ガス収率の増加は、最終合成ガス中のCO2の濃度を減少させ、それがCO2の除去費用を減少させる。
タール及びメタンの改質のために上述した熱酸素発生器を使用する有効性を、動力学的モデルを用いて評価した。該原合成ガスは、1500°Fでガス化器を去り、表1に示した組成を有すると推測された。C2H4を代理として使用してタール種がモデル化された。改質器は、断熱的で概略2.5秒の滞留時間を有すると推測された。図4は、形成された付加的CO+H2に基づいた、熱酸素の改質に対する有効性を説明している。該図面から分かるように、酸素への熱の添加は特定の改質器化学量論比に対して改質有効性を増加させている。この改質器化学量論比(「SR」とも言及される)は〔該合成ガス中に注入された遊離の酸素〕/〔該合成ガスを完全に燃焼するのに必要な酸素の量〕と定義される。注意:ここで定義された改質器SRは補充燃料が熱を発生させるために消費した酸素を含まない。特定の改質器SRに対して僅かにより多い全酸素が注入されるけれども、もしも熱を発生させるために消費した酸素が含まれるならば、該量は添加された合成ガスの値と比べて小さい。
Claims (14)
- 合成ガスの処理方法であって、
(A)炭素質供給材料のガス化により得られる原合成ガス流を提供する工程であって、該原合成ガス流は所望によりタールを含有してもよく、水素及びCO、並びにメタン、2又は3個の炭素原子を含有する炭化水素及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される1種以上の軽質炭化水素を含む、工程、及び
(B)添加される酸素のポンド当り125BTUより大きな割合で該原合成ガス流に熱を与えながら、該原合成ガス流に酸素を添加し、そして存在する場合にはタールを水素及びCOを含むより低い分子量の生成物に変換しながら、前記軽質炭化水素の1種以上を部分的に酸化して該合成ガス中の水素及びCOの量を増加させる工程、
を含む前記の合成ガス処理方法。 - 工程(B)が、燃料及び酸素を混合し該混合物中の酸素の一部を前記燃料と燃焼して少なくとも2000Fの温度を有し酸素及び前記燃焼の生成物を含有する熱酸化剤流を形成し、前記熱酸化剤流を前記原合成ガス流中に供給することを含む、請求項1による方法。
- 酸素と混合され燃焼されて前記熱酸化剤流を形成する前記燃料が、工程(B)で形成される合成ガスからの燃料生成物の製造で形成されるガス状副生成物を含む、請求項2による方法。
- 工程(B)が、燃料及び酸素を前記原合成ガスに添加し前記の添加された燃料をそれが前記原合成ガス流に添加されてから燃焼することを含む、請求項1による方法。
- 前記原合成ガスに添加される前記燃料が、工程(B)で形成される合成ガスからの燃料生成物の製造で形成されるガス状副生成物を含む、請求項4による方法。
- 工程(B)が、前記原合成ガス流に酸素を添加しながら、少なくとも90体積%の酸素を含む酸化剤及び燃料をバーナー中で燃焼して前記原合成ガス流を加熱する炎を生成することを含む、請求項1による方法。
- 前記バーナー中で燃焼される前記燃料が、工程(B)で形成される合成ガスからの燃料生成物の製造で形成されるガス状副生成物を含む、請求項6による方法。
- 工程(B)が、前記原合成ガス流に添加される酸素を間接的熱伝達により加熱することを含む、請求項1による方法。
- 工程(B)で製造された処理済合成ガスを前記処理済合成ガスから燃料生成物を生成する反応器に供給することを更に含み、前記反応器が、その一部又は全部が該原合成ガスに添加され燃焼されて工程(B)で熱を提供する液体副生成物流及びテールガスをも生成する、請求項1による方法。
- 前記反応器が、メタノール、エタノール及びF−T液体から成る群から選択される1種以上の生成物を生成する、請求項9による方法。
- 工程(B)により製造された合成ガスを燃料生成物に変換することを更に含む、請求項1による方法。
- 合成ガスの処理方法であって、
(A)炭素質供給材料のガス化により原合成ガス流を発生させる工程であって、該原合成ガス流は所望によりタールを含有してもよく、水素及びCO、並びにメタン、2又は3個の炭素原子を含有する炭化水素及びそれらの混合物から成る群から選択される1種以上の軽質炭化水素を含み、そして前記原合成ガス流を請求項1の方法により処理する工程、
(B)添加される酸素のポンド当り125BTUより大きな割合で該原合成ガス流に熱を与えながら、該原合成ガス流に酸素を添加し、そしてタールをより低い分子量の生成物に変換しながら、前記軽質炭化水素の1種以上を部分的に酸化して該合成ガス中の水素及びCOの量を増加させる工程、
を含む前記の合成ガス処理方法。 - 工程(B)により製造された合成ガスを燃料生成物に変換することを更に含む、請求項12による方法。
- 前記原合成ガス流がタールを含有し、前記原合成ガス流中のタールがより低い分子量の生成物に変換される、請求項1による方法。
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| US13/468,189 US20120291351A1 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2012-05-10 | Reforming methane and higher hydrocarbons in syngas streams |
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| JP2023534574A (ja) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-08-10 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 合成ガスおよび芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
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| JP7436124B2 (ja) | 2021-06-24 | 2024-02-21 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 合成ガスの製造方法 |
| JP2023534334A (ja) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-08-09 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 合成ガスの製造方法 |
| JP7436123B2 (ja) | 2021-06-24 | 2024-02-21 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 合成ガスの製造方法 |
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| JP2023534333A (ja) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-08-09 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 合成ガスおよび芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
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| WO2024111649A1 (ja) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-05-30 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成反応用触媒及び炭化水素の製造装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103857772A (zh) | 2014-06-11 |
| MX364832B (es) | 2019-05-08 |
| BR112013029511B1 (pt) | 2019-11-26 |
| US20120291351A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
| BR112013029511A2 (pt) | 2017-01-24 |
| EP2710095B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
| MX2013013452A (es) | 2014-07-14 |
| US20160102259A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
| PL2710095T3 (pl) | 2019-10-31 |
| RU2013155468A (ru) | 2015-06-27 |
| PT2710095T (pt) | 2019-07-16 |
| RU2600373C2 (ru) | 2016-10-20 |
| CA2836270A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
| ES2734478T3 (es) | 2019-12-10 |
| WO2012158536A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
| EP2710095A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
| CA2836270C (en) | 2017-03-14 |
| KR20140043751A (ko) | 2014-04-10 |
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