JP7461486B2 - 統合ガス化及びガス発酵システムにおける発酵テールガスの使用 - Google Patents
統合ガス化及びガス発酵システムにおける発酵テールガスの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7461486B2 JP7461486B2 JP2022547188A JP2022547188A JP7461486B2 JP 7461486 B2 JP7461486 B2 JP 7461486B2 JP 2022547188 A JP2022547188 A JP 2022547188A JP 2022547188 A JP2022547188 A JP 2022547188A JP 7461486 B2 JP7461486 B2 JP 7461486B2
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Classifications
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40011—Methods relating to the process cycle in pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40043—Purging
- B01D2259/4005—Nature of purge gas
- B01D2259/40056—Gases other than recycled product or process gas
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
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Description
この出願は、2020年3月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/990,216号及び2021年2月19日に出願された米国特許出願第17/180,583号の利益を主張する。両方の出願の内容は、それらの全体が参照により本明細書に明示的に組み込まれる。
6CO+3H2O→C2H5OH+4CO2(ΔG°=-224.90kJ/molエタノール)
5CO+1H2+2H2O→1C2H5OH+3CO2(ΔG°=-204.80kJ/molエタノール)
4CO+2H2+1H2O→1C2H5OH+2CO2(ΔG°=-184.70kJ/molエタノール)
3CO+3H2→1C2H5OH+1CO2(ΔG°=-164.60kJ/molエタノール)
CO2及び/若しくはCOを生成物に変換すること、又は
CO2及び/若しくはCOを長期貯蔵に好適な物質に変換すること、又は
CO2及び/若しくはCOを長期貯蔵に好適な物質中に閉じ込めること、又は
これらのプロセスの組み合わせのいずれかを指す。
説明
本発明の様々な実施形態を以下に示す。
1.a.ガス化プロセス又は産業廃棄物ガスからの合成ガス流を、炭化水素、含酸素化合物、硫黄化合物、窒素化合物、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む成分を吸着剤に吸着させることによって処理して処理済み流を生成すること、
b.微生物を使用してバイオリアクター内で前記処理済み流の少なくとも一部を発酵させて、少なくとも1つの生成物と、少なくとも二酸化炭素を含むテールガス流とを含む放出物を生成すること、
c.前記テールガス流の少なくとも一部を使用して前記成分を少なくとも部分的に脱着することによって前記吸着剤を再生して、二酸化炭素と脱着された成分とを含む濃縮されたテールガス流を提供すること、及び、
d.前記濃縮されたテールガス流を、
i.蒸気ボイラーで燃焼させて蒸気を生成すること、
ii.発電すること、
iii.ガス化プロセスへ再循環させること、又は
iv.生成物回収ゾーンに送ること、のうちの少なくとも1つに利用すること、を含む方法。
2.テールガスが、メタン、一酸化炭素、及び水素をさらに含む、上記1に記載の方法。
3.前記微生物が、1つ以上のC1固定微生物である、上記1に記載の方法。
4.前記C1固定微生物が、モーレラ(Moorella)、クロストリジウム(Clostridium)、ルミノコッカス(Ruminococcus)、アセトバクテリウム(Acetobacterium)、ユウバクテリウム(Eubacterium)、ブチリバクテリウム(Butyribacterium)、オキソバクター(Oxobacter)、メタノサルシナ(Methanosarcina)、及びデスルホトマクルム(Desulfotomaculum)からなる群から選択される、上記3に記載の方法。
5.前記蒸気が高圧蒸気である、上記1に記載の方法。
6.前記蒸気を、発酵生成物の蒸留、吸着冷却装置の工程、蒸気駆動圧縮、廃水の蒸発、バイオマスの乾燥、適所での蒸気工程、適所での洗浄工程、原料の乾燥、蒸気で駆動される原料コンベヤー、建物の暖房、発電、及び発酵プロセスのコンプレッサーに電力を供給するための発電のために使用する、上記1に記載の方法。
7.産業廃棄ガスが、鉄金属製品製造、非鉄製品製造、石油精製、電力生成、カーボンブラック生成、紙及びパルプ製造、アンモニア生成、メタノール生成、コークス製造、及びそれらの任意の組み合わせから選択されるプロセスからのものであり、かつ/又は、合成ガス流が、石炭のガス化、製油所残留物のガス化、バイオマスのガス化、リグノセルロース材料のガス化、黒液ガス化、都市固形廃棄物のガス化、工業用固形廃棄物のガス化、下水道のガス化、廃水処理からのスラッジのガス化、天然ガスの改質、バイオガスの改質、埋立地ガスの改質、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせからのものである、上記1に記載の方法。
8.前記発電が、コージェネレーション又は直接発電である、上記1に記載のプロセス。
9.前記テールガス流が、前記ガス化プロセス又は前記産業廃棄物ガスからの前記合成ガス流と比較して、
a.N 2 が濃縮されている、
b.CO 2 が濃縮されている、
c.不純物が枯渇している、又は
d.(a)(b)若しくは(c)の任意の組み合わせを兼ね備えている、上記1に記載のプロセス。
10.前記テールガス流の少なくとも一部を使用した前記成分の脱着が、合成ガス流を使用した前記成分の脱着に比較して改善される、上記9に記載のプロセス。
11.a.ガス化原料をガス化して、少なくとも一酸化炭素、水素、水及びタールを含む合成ガスを生成すること、
b.前記合成ガスを冷却して、凝縮によって水と少なくとも1つのタールを分離し、水と少なくとも1つのタールが枯渇した残りの合成ガスを提供すること、
c.前記少なくとも1つのタールを、
i.燃料ガス、天然ガス、合成ガス、ガス発酵プロセスからのテールガス、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせの燃焼によって生成される火炎を使用して、前記少なくとも1つのタールを燃焼させること、又は、
ii.前記少なくとも1つのタールを廃水処理プロセスに送ること、によって廃棄すること、及び、
d.前記残りの合成ガスの少なくとも一部を微生物を使用してバイオリアクターで発酵させて、少なくとも1つの生成物を含む放出物を生成すること、を含む方法。
12.吸着剤を使用する吸着によって前記合成ガスから少なくとも第2のタールを除去することをさらに含む、上記11に記載の方法。
13.前記発酵が前記テールガスをさらに生成する、上記12に記載の方法。
14.前記テールガスを使用して前記吸着剤を再生することをさらに含む、上記13に記載の方法。
15.前記吸着剤を再生した後に、前記テールガスを利用して蒸気を生成することをさらに含む、上記14に記載の方法。
16.前記蒸気を使用して電力を生成することをさらに含む、上記15に記載の方法。
17.前記電力を使用して発酵工程のコンプレッサーに電力を供給することをさらに含む、上記16に記載の方法。
18.a.吸着剤を収容する吸着ユニットと、
b.前記吸着ユニットと流体連結しているバイオリアクターと、
c.前記バイオリアクターと前記吸着ユニットとを流体連結しているテールガス導管と、
d.濃縮テールガス利用ユニットであって、
i.前記吸着ユニットと流体連結しているガス化装置、
ii.蒸気発生ユニット、
iii.電力生成ユニット、又は
iv.前記バイオリアクターと流体連結している生成物回収ユニット、のうちの少なくとも1つを含む濃縮テールガス利用ユニットと、
e.前記吸着ユニットと前記濃縮テールガス利用ユニットとを流体連結している濃縮テールガス導管と、を備える装置。
19.前記蒸気発生ユニットと発電システムとを流体連結している蒸気導管をさらに備える、上記18に記載の装置。
20.前記発電システムと電気的に通信し、前記バイオリアクターと流体連結しているコンプレッサーをさらに備える、上記19に記載の装置。
21.前記電力生成ユニットが、コージェネレーション電力生成ユニット又は直接電力生成ユニットである、上記18に記載の装置。
22.前記吸着ユニットと流体連結している供給原料導管をさらに備える、上記18に記載の装置。
Claims (9)
- a.ガス化プロセスを用いてガス化原料をガス化して、少なくとも一酸化炭素、水素、水及びタールを含む合成ガスを生成すること、
b.前記合成ガスを冷却して、凝縮によって水と少なくとも1つのタールを分離し、水と少なくとも1つのタールが枯渇した合成ガスを提供すること、
c.前記少なくとも1つのタールを、
i.燃料ガス、天然ガス、合成ガス、ガス発酵プロセスからのテールガス、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせの燃焼によって生成される火炎を使用して、前記少なくとも1つのタールを燃焼させること、又は、
ii.前記少なくとも1つのタールを廃水処理プロセスに送ること、によって廃棄すること、
d.前記水と少なくとも1つのタールが枯渇した合成ガスを、炭化水素、含酸素化合物、硫黄化合物、窒素化合物、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせのうちの少なくとも1つを含む成分を吸着剤に吸着させることによって処理して処理済み流を生成すること、
e.微生物を使用してバイオリアクター内で前記処理済み流の少なくとも一部を発酵させて、少なくとも1つの生成物と、少なくとも二酸化炭素を含むテールガス流とを含む放出物を生成すること、
f.前記テールガス流の少なくとも一部を使用して前記成分を少なくとも部分的に脱着することによって前記吸着剤を再生して、二酸化炭素と脱着された成分とを含む濃縮されたテールガス流を提供すること、及び、
g.前記濃縮されたテールガス流を、
i.蒸気ボイラーで前記濃縮されたテールガス流を燃焼させて蒸気を生成すること、
ii.前記濃縮されたテールガス流を発電に利用すること、
iii.前記濃縮されたテールガス流をガス化プロセスへ再循環させること、又は
iv.前記濃縮されたテールガス流を生成物回収ゾーンに送ること、のうちの少なくとも1つに利用すること、を含む方法。 - テールガスが、メタン、一酸化炭素、及び水素をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、1つ以上のC1固定微生物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記C1固定微生物が、モーレラ(Moorella)、クロストリジウム(Clostridium)、ルミノコッカス(Ruminococcus)、アセトバクテリウム(Acetobacterium)、ユウバクテリウム(Eubacterium)、ブチリバクテリウム(Butyribacterium)、オキソバクター(Oxobacter)、メタノサルシナ(Methanosarcina)、及びデスルホトマクルム(Desulfotomaculum)からなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記蒸気が高圧蒸気である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記蒸気を、発酵生成物の蒸留、吸着冷却装置の工程、蒸気駆動圧縮、廃水の蒸発、バイオマスの乾燥、適所での蒸気工程、適所での洗浄工程、原料の乾燥、蒸気で駆動される原料コンベヤー、建物の暖房、発電、及び発酵プロセスのコンプレッサーに電力を供給するための発電のために使用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)の合成ガス流が、石炭のガス化、製油所残留物のガス化、バイオマスのガス化、リグノセルロース材料のガス化、黒液ガス化、都市固形廃棄物のガス化、工業用固形廃棄物のガス化、下水道のガス化、廃水処理からのスラッジのガス化、又はそれらの任意の組み合わせからのものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記発電が、コージェネレーション又は直接発電である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テールガス流が、ステップ(a)の前記ガス化プロセスからの前記合成ガス流と比較して、
a.N2が濃縮されている、
b.CO2が濃縮されている、
c.不純物が枯渇している、又は
d.(a)(b)若しくは(c)の任意の組み合わせを兼ね備えている、請求項1に記載の方法。
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AU2021237249A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 |
EP4121497A4 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
WO2021188301A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
BR112022015398A2 (pt) | 2022-10-04 |
US11667857B2 (en) | 2023-06-06 |
CA3166840A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
JP2023514132A (ja) | 2023-04-05 |
JP2024095701A (ja) | 2024-07-10 |
CA3232922A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
CN215924875U (zh) | 2022-03-01 |
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