JP7459267B2 - ガス化供給原料を乾燥させるためのガス発酵のテールガス - Google Patents
ガス化供給原料を乾燥させるためのガス発酵のテールガス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7459267B2 JP7459267B2 JP2022547180A JP2022547180A JP7459267B2 JP 7459267 B2 JP7459267 B2 JP 7459267B2 JP 2022547180 A JP2022547180 A JP 2022547180A JP 2022547180 A JP2022547180 A JP 2022547180A JP 7459267 B2 JP7459267 B2 JP 7459267B2
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Description
本出願は、2020年3月16日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/990,148号および2021年2月19日に出願された米国特許出願第17/180,619号の利益を主張する。両方の出願の内容は、それらの全体が参照により本明細書に明示的に組み込まれる。
のようになり、式中、x>2yであり、エタノール生成のための化学量論を満たすために、以下のようになる
6CO+3H2O→C2H5OH+4CO2(ΔG°=-224.90kJ/モル エタノール)
5CO+1H2+2H2O→1C2H5OH+3CO2(ΔG°=-204.80kJ/モル エタノール)
4CO+2H2+1H2O→1C2H5OH+2CO2(ΔG°=-184.70kJ/モル エタノール)
3CO+3H2→1C2H5OH+1CO2(ΔG°=-164.60kJ/モル エタノール)
CO2および/もしくはCOを生成物に変換すること、または
CO2および/もしくはCOを長期貯蔵に好適な物質に変換すること、または
CO2および/もしくはCOを長期貯蔵に好適な物質中に閉じ込めること、または
これらのプロセスの組み合わせのいずれかを指す。
本発明の様々な実施形態を以下に示す。
1.方法であって、
a.乾燥ガスを加熱することと、
b.ガス化供給原料を含有する乾燥機に前記加熱された乾燥ガスを提供して、乾燥ガス化供給原料を生成することと、
c.前記乾燥ガス化供給原料の少なくとも一部をガス化して、合成ガスを生成することと、
d.微生物を使用して、バイオリアクター内で少なくとも一部の前記合成ガスを発酵させて、少なくとも1つの生成物およびテールガスを生成することと、
e.前記テールガスの少なくとも一部を利用して、前記乾燥ガスを加熱するための熱を提供することと、を含む、方法。
2.前記ガス化供給原料が、分別された都市固形廃棄物、分別されていない都市固形廃棄物、産業固形廃棄物、農業廃棄物、森林廃棄物、微生物バイオマス、リグノセルロース材料、下水、廃水処理からの汚泥、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせである、上記1に記載の方法。
3.前記テールガスが、二酸化炭素を含む、上記1に記載の方法。
4.前記テールガスが、一酸化炭素、水素、窒素、およびメタンをさらに含む、上記3に記載の方法。
5.前記微生物が、1つ以上のC1固定微生物である、上記1に記載の方法。
6.C1固定微生物が、Moorella、Clostridium、Ruminococcus、Acetobacterium、Eubacterium、Butyribacterium、Oxobacter、Methanosarcina、およびDesulfotomaculumから選択される、上記5に記載の方法。
7.前記微生物バイオマスが、1つ以上のC1固定微生物を含む、上記2に記載の方法。
8.前記C1固定微生物が、Moorella、Clostridium、Ruminococcus、Acetobacterium、Eubacterium、Butyribacterium、Oxobacter、Methanosarcina、およびDesulfotomaculumから選択される、上記7に記載の方法。
9.前記微生物バイオマスが、廃水処理プラントからのものである、上記2に記載の方法。
10.前記乾燥ガスが、空気である、上記1に記載の方法。
11.前記ガス化が、前記ガス化供給原料を乾燥させずにガス化することと比較して、より高い合成ガスの収率を生成する、上記1に記載の方法。
12.前記ガス化が、前記ガス化供給原料を乾燥させずにガス化することと比較して、より高品質の合成ガスを生成する、上記1に記載の方法。
13.前記テールガスが、燃焼されて、前記乾燥ガスを加熱するための熱を提供する、上記1に記載の方法。
14.前記テールガスが、バーナー内で燃焼されて、前記乾燥ガスを加熱するための熱を提供する、上記1に記載の方法。
15.装置であって、
a.乾燥ガスを加熱するための1つ以上のバーナーを有する乾燥機であって、供給原料導管と連通している乾燥機と、
b.前記乾燥機と連通しているガス化装置と、
c.前記ガス化装置と流体連通しているバイオリアクターと、
d.前記バイオリアクターと流体連通している生成物導管およびテールガス導管と、
e.前記1つ以上のバーナーとも流体連通している前記テールガス導管と、を備える、装置。
16.前記乾燥機と連通しており、かつ少なくとも1つのバーナーと熱交換可能に連通している、乾燥機ガス導管をさらに備える、上記15に記載の装置。
17.廃水処理ユニットと流体連通している生成物回収ユニットと、前記廃水処理ユニットから前記乾燥機への第1の再循環導管と、をさらに備える、上記15に記載の装置。
18.前記第1の再循環導管と流体連通しているバイオガス処理ユニットをさらに備える、上記17に記載の装置。
19.前記生成物回収ユニットから前記乾燥機への第2の再循環導管をさらに備える、上記15に記載の装置。
20.少なくとも前記ガス化装置および前記バイオリアクターと流体連通している少なくとも1つの除去ユニットをさらに備える、上記15に記載の装置。
Claims (19)
- 方法であって、
a.乾燥ガスを加熱することと、
b.ガス化供給原料を含有する乾燥機に前記加熱された乾燥ガスを提供して、乾燥ガス化供給原料を生成することと、
c.前記乾燥ガス化供給原料の少なくとも一部をガス化して、合成ガスを生成することと、
d.微生物を使用して、バイオリアクター内で前記合成ガスの少なくとも一部を発酵させて、テールガス、ならびに少なくとも1つの生成物および微生物を含む微生物バイオマスを含む発酵ブロスを生成することと、
e.前記発酵ブロスを生成物回収プロセスに送り、微生物を含む微生物バイオマスが前記発酵ブロスから分離されることと、
f.前記微生物を含む前記微生物バイオマスの少なくとも一部を乾燥し、乾燥微生物バイオマスを得ることと、
g.前記乾燥微生物バイオマスの少なくとも一部をガス化プロセス(c)に送ることと、
h.前記テールガスの少なくとも一部を利用して、前記乾燥ガスを加熱するための熱を提供することと、を含む、方法。 - 前記ガス化供給原料が、分別された都市固形廃棄物、分別されていない都市固形廃棄物、産業固形廃棄物、農業廃棄物、森林廃棄物、リグノセルロース材料、下水、廃水処理からの汚泥、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テールガスが、二酸化炭素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テールガスが、一酸化炭素、水素、窒素、およびメタンをさらに含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、1つ以上のC1固定微生物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- C1固定微生物が、Moorella、Clostridium、Ruminococcus、Acetobacterium、Eubacterium、Butyribacterium、Oxobacter、Methanosarcina、およびDesulfotomaculumから選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥ガスが、空気である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化が、前記ガス化供給原料を乾燥させずにガス化することと比較して、より高い合成ガスの収率を生成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化が、前記ガス化供給原料を乾燥させずにガス化することと比較して、より高品質の合成ガスを生成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テールガスが、燃焼されて、前記乾燥ガスを加熱するための熱を提供する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記テールガスが、バーナー内で燃焼されて、前記乾燥ガスを加熱するための熱を提供する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 装置であって、
a.1つ以上のバーナーを有する乾燥機であって、供給原料導管と連通している乾燥機と、
b.前記乾燥機と連通しているガス化装置と、
c.前記ガス化装置と流体連通しているバイオリアクターと、
d.前記バイオリアクターと流体連通している生成物導管およびテールガス導管と、
e.前記生成物導管と流体連通している生成物回収ユニットと、
f.前記生成物回収ユニットおよび前記乾燥機と流体連通している第1の再循環導管と、
g.前記1つ以上のバーナーとも流体連通している前記テールガス導管と、を備える、装置。 - 前記乾燥機と連通しており、かつ少なくとも1つのバーナーと熱交換可能に連通している、乾燥機ガス導管をさらに備える、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 廃水処理ユニットに接続された出口廃水導管と流体連通している生成物回収ユニットと、前記廃水処理ユニットから前記乾燥機への第2の再循環導管と、をさらに備える、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記第2の再循環導管も前記廃水処理ユニットからのバイオガスを処理するように適合された処理ユニットと連通しており、前記処理ユニットが前記第2の再循環導管と流体連通している、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも前記ガス化装置および前記バイオリアクターと流体連通している、ガス流からの微生物阻害剤および/または触媒を除去するように構成されている、少なくとも1つの除去ユニットをさらに備える、請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記生成物回収プロセスが、前記ガス化プロセスに送られる微生物バイオマス低減水流を生成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ガス化プロセスからの合成ガスのH2:CO比が、少なくとも2:1に増加される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- テールガスの少なくとも92%のエネルギーが回収される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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