JP2014508175A - ピリミジンシクロヘキシルグルココルチコイドレセプター調節因子 - Google Patents
ピリミジンシクロヘキシルグルココルチコイドレセプター調節因子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014508175A JP2014508175A JP2013558200A JP2013558200A JP2014508175A JP 2014508175 A JP2014508175 A JP 2014508175A JP 2013558200 A JP2013558200 A JP 2013558200A JP 2013558200 A JP2013558200 A JP 2013558200A JP 2014508175 A JP2014508175 A JP 2014508175A
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2011年3月18日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/454,289号の利益を主張し、この出願は本明細書において参照として援用される。
ヒトを含め、ほとんどの種において、生理的グルココルチコイドは、コルチゾール(ヒドロコルチゾン)である。グルココルチコイドは、ACTH(コルチコトロピン)に応答して分泌され、ACTHは、概日リズム変動、ならびにストレスおよび食物に応じた上昇の両方を示す。コルチゾールレベルは、多くの物理的ストレスおよび精神的ストレス(外傷、外科手術、運動、不安および鬱病が挙げられる)に対して数分以内に応答する。コルチゾールは、ステロイドであり、細胞内のグルココルチコイドレセプター(GR)に結合することによって、作用する。ヒトにおいて、グルココルチコイドレセプターは、2つの形態において存在する:777アミノ酸のリガンド結合GR−α;および最後の15アミノ酸のみが異なるGR−βアイソフォーム。上記GRの2つのタイプは、それらの特異的リガンドに対して高い親和性を有し、同じ伝達経路を介して機能すると考えられる。
一実施形態において、本発明は、式Iの化合物:
ここで上記破線は、存在しないかもしくは結合である。Xは、OもしくはSである。R1は、1〜3個のR1a基で必要に応じて置換された、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールである。各R1aは、独立して、H、C1−6アルキル、C2−6アルケニル、C2−6アルキニル、C1−6アルコキシ、C1−6アルキル−OR1b、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキル、C1−6ハロアロキシ、−OR1b、−NR1bR1c、−C(O)R1b、−C(O)OR1b、−OC(O)R1b、−C(O)NR1bR1c、−NR1bC(O)R1c、−SO2R1b、−SO2NR1bR1c、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールである。R1bおよびR1cは、各々、HもしくはC1−6アルキルである。R2は、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルキル−OR1b、C1−6アルキル−NR1bR1cもしくはC1−6アルキレン−ヘテロシクロアルキルである。R3は、HもしくはC1−6アルキルである。Arは、1〜4個のR4基で必要に応じて置換されたアリールである。各R4は、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキルもしくはC1−6ハロアルコキシである。L1は、結合もしくはC1−6アルキレンである。下付文字nは、0〜3の整数である。本明細書に記載される化合物の塩および異性体もまた、含まれる。
I.(一般)
本発明は、グルココルチコイドレセプター(GR)を調節し得、それによって、有益な治療効果を提供し得る化合物を提供する。上記化合物は、ベンジルピリミジンジオン−シクロヘキシル−フェニルを含む。本発明はまた、GRレセプターを、本発明の化合物で調節することによって、疾患および障害を処置する方法を提供する。
本明細書で使用される略語は、化学分野および生物学分野内のそれらの従来の意味を有する。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、式Iの化合物:
ここで上記破線は、存在しないかまたは結合である。Xは、OもしくはSである。R1は、1〜3個のR1a基で必要に応じて置換された、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールである。各R1aは、独立して、H、C1−6アルキル、C2−6アルケニル、C2−6アルキニル、C1−6アルコキシ、C1−6アルキル−OR1b、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキル、C1−6ハロアロキシ、−OR1b、−NR1bR1c、−C(O)R1b、−C(O)OR1b、−OC(O)R1b、−C(O)NR1bR1c、−NR1bC(O)R1c、−SO2R1b、−SO2NR1bR1c、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールである。R1bおよびR1cは、各々、HもしくはC1−6アルキルである。R2は、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルキル−OR1b、C1−6アルキル−NR1bR1cもしくはC1−6アルキレン−ヘテロシクロアルキルである。R3は、HもしくはC1−6アルキルである。Arは、1〜4個のR4基で必要に応じて置換されたアリールである。各R4は、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキルもしくはC1−6ハロアルコキシである。L1は、結合もしくはC1−6アルキレンである。下付文字nは、0〜3の整数である。本明細書に記載される化合物の塩および異性体もまた、含まれる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤および式Iの化合物を含む薬学的組成物を提供する。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、グルココルチコイドレセプターを調節することを介して、障害もしくは状態を処置する方法を提供し、上記方法は、このような処置を必要とする被験体に、治療上有効な量の式Iの化合物を投与する工程を包含する。
本発明の化合物は、それらの抗グルココルチコイド特性について試験され得る。グルココルチコイドレセプター活性を調節し得る化合物をアッセイする方法は、本明細書で提示される。代表的には、本発明の化合物は、上記GRに選択的に結合することによって、またはGRリガンドが上記GRに結合しないようにすることによって、グルココルチコイドレセプター活性を調節し得る。いくつかの実施形態において、上記化合物は、ほとんどもしくは全く細胞傷害性効果を示さない。
いくつかの実施形態において、GR調節因子は、GRのリガンド(例えば、デキサメタゾン)と競合する分子をスクリーニングすることによって同定される。当業者は、競合的結合アッセイを行うために多くの方法が存在することを認識する。いくつかの実施形態において、GRは、標識されたGRリガンドとともに予めインキュベートされ、次いで、試験化合物と接触させられる。このタイプの競合的結合アッセイはまた、本明細書において結合置換アッセイといわれ得る。GRに結合したリガンドの量の変化(例えば、減少)は、上記分子が潜在的GR調節因子であることを示す。あるいは、GRへの試験化合物の結合は、標識された試験化合物で直接測定され得る。この後者のタイプのアッセイは、直接結合アッセイといわれる。
細胞ベースのアッセイは、本発明の化合物によってGRの結合もしくは活性の調節をアッセイするために、GRを含む全細胞もしくは細胞画分を必要とする。本発明の方法に従って使用され得る例示的細胞タイプとしては、例えば、任意の哺乳動物細胞(好中球、単球、マクロファージ、好酸球、好塩基球、マスト細胞、およびリンパ球(例えば、T細胞およびB細胞)のような白血球、白血病、バーキットリンパ腫、腫瘍細胞(マウス乳腺腫瘍ウイルス細胞を含む)、内皮細胞、線維芽細胞、心臓細胞、筋細胞、乳房腫瘍細胞、卵巣癌、子宮頸癌、神経膠芽腫、肝細胞、腎臓細胞、および神経細胞が挙げられる)、ならびに真菌細胞(酵母が挙げられる)が挙げられる。細胞は、初代細胞または腫瘍細胞、または他のタイプの不死化細胞系であり得る。当然のことながら、GRは、GRの内因性バージョンを発現しない細胞において発現され得る。
本発明の化合物は、特異性アッセイ(本明細書において選択性アッセイといわれる)に供せられ得る。代表的には、特異性アッセイは、インビトロで、または非GRタンパク質に結合する程度についての細胞ベースのアッセイにおいてGRを結合する化合物を試験することを包含する。選択性アッセイは、上記のように、インビトロでまたは細胞ベースの系において行われ得る。GR結合は、任意の適切な非GRタンパク質(抗体、レセプター、酵素などが挙げられる)に対して試験され得る。例示的実施形態において、上記非GR結合タンパク質は、細胞表面レセプターもしくは核レセプターである。別の例示的実施形態において、上記非GRタンパク質は、ステロイドレセプター(例えば、エストロゲンレセプター、プロゲステロンレセプター、アンドロゲンレセプター、もしくはミネラル・コルチコイドレセプター)である。
LCMS法:
方法A:正および負のイオンエレクトロスプレー、ならびにPhenomenex Luna 3ミクロンC18(2) 30×4.6mmカラムおよび2mL/分 流速を使用するELS/ダイオードアレイ検出を備えたWaters Platform LC四重極質量分析計を使用して実験を行った。溶媒系は、最初の50秒間にわたって0.1% ギ酸含有95% 水(溶媒A)および0.1%ギ酸含有5% アセトニトリル(溶媒B)、続いて、次の4分間にわたって最大で5% 溶媒Aおよび95% 溶媒Bまでの勾配であった。最後の溶媒系を、さらに1分間にわたって一定に保持した。
表1に示される中間体を、WO06014394(その内容は、それらの全体において本明細書に参考として援用される)に記載される手順に従って調製した。
以下の表3中の中間体11は、実施例7において化合物11aについて記載されるように7bから調製した。
以下の表6中の実施例の化合物を、適切な化合物3から、実施例38〜41について以下に記載されるように必須のアルキル化剤を用いて調製した。アミンのアルキル化を記載する関連反応については、Larock, R.C. Comprehensive Organic Transformations. New York: VCH Publishers, Inc., 1989(その内容は、その全体において本明細書に参考として援用される)の397〜408頁を参照のこと。
以下は、ヒト組換えグルココルチコイドレセプターに対するデキサメタゾン結合の阻害を決定するためのアッセイの記載である:
結合プロトコル:化合物を、リガンドとしての3H−デキサメタゾンとともに、ヒト組換えグルココルチコイドレセプターを使用して、結合置換アッセイで試験した。レセプターの供給源は、組換えバキュロウイルス感染昆虫細胞であった。このGRは、おそらく、熱ショックタンパク質および他の内因性タンパク質と関連するようである全長ステロイドホルモンレセプターであった。
SW1353/MMTV−5は、内因性グルココルチコイドレセプターを含む接着性ヒト軟骨肉腫細胞系である。これを、ウイルスプロモーター(マウス乳腺腫瘍ウイルスの長末端反復)に由来するグルココルチコイド応答性エレメント(GRE)の後ろに位置するホタルルシフェラーゼをコードするプラスミド(pMAMneo−Luc)でトランスフェクトした。安定な細胞系SW1353/MMTV−5を、ジェネティシン(これは、このプラスミドを維持するために必要とされる)で選択した。従って、この細胞系は、ルシフェラーゼの発現をもたらすグルココルチコイド(デキサメタゾン)に対して感受性である(EC50 dex 10nM)。このデキサメタゾン誘導性応答は、経時的に徐々に失われた。そしてより早い継代に由来する新しい培養を、3ヶ月ごとに(低温保存したアリコートから)開始した。
Claims (19)
- 式Iの化合物:
破線は、存在しないかもしくは結合であり;
Xは、OおよびSからなる群より選択され;
R1は、1〜3個のR1a基で必要に応じて置換された、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールおよびヘテロアリールからなる群より選択され;
各R1aは、H、C1−6アルキル、C2−6アルケニル、C2−6アルキニル、C1−6アルコキシ、C1−6アルキル−OR1b、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキル、C1−6ハロアロキシ、−OR1b、−NR1bR1c、−C(O)R1b、−C(O)OR1b、−OC(O)R1b、−C(O)NR1bR1c、−NR1bC(O)R1c、−SO2R1b、−SO2NR1bR1c、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクロアルキル、アリールおよびヘテロアリールからなる群より独立して選択され;
R1bおよびR1cは、HおよびC1−6アルキルからなる群より各々独立して選択され;
R2は、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルキル−OR1b、C1−6アルキル−NR1bR1cおよびC1−6アルキレン−ヘテロシクロアルキルからなる群より選択され;
R3は、HおよびC1−6アルキルからなる群より選択され;
Arは、1〜4個のR4基で必要に応じて置換されたアリールであり;
各R4は、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキルおよびC1−6ハロアルコキシからなる群より独立して選択され;
L1は、結合もしくはC1−6アルキレンであり;
下付文字nは、0〜3の整数である、
化合物、
ならびにその塩および異性体。 - R1は、アリールおよびヘテロアリールからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- R1は、フェニル、ピリジル、ピリミジン、およびチアゾールからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 各R1aは、H、C1−6アルキル、C1−6アルコキシ、ハロゲン、C1−6ハロアルキル、−NR1bR1c、および−SO2R1bからなる群より独立して選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 各R1aは、C1−6ハロアルキルである、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 各R1aは、H、Me、Et、−OMe、F、Cl、−CF3、−NMe2、および−SO2Meからなる群より独立して選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 各R1aは、−CF3である、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- R2は、HおよびC1−6アルキルからなる群より選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- R2は、Hである、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- 薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤および請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の化合物を含む、薬学的組成物。
- グルココルチコイドレセプターを調節することを介して、障害もしくは状態を処置する方法であって、該方法は、このような処置を必要とする被験体に、治療上有効な量の、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の化合物を投与し、それによって、該障害もしくは状態を処置する工程を包含する、方法。
- グルココルチコイドレセプターと拮抗することを介して、障害もしくは状態を処置する方法であって、該方法は、このような処置を必要とする被験体に、有効量の、請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載の化合物を投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記障害もしくは状態は、肥満症、糖尿病、心血管疾患、高血圧症、シンドロームX、鬱病、不安、緑内障、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)もしくは後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)、神経変性、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、認知強化、クッシング症候群、アジソン病、骨粗鬆症、虚弱、筋虚弱、炎症性疾患、変形性関節症、関節リウマチ、喘息および鼻炎、副腎機能関連の病気、ウイルス感染症、免疫不全、免疫調節、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー、創傷治癒、強迫行為、多剤耐性、嗜癖、精神病、食欲不振、悪液質、外傷後ストレス症候群、術後骨折、医学的異化作用、精神病性大鬱病、軽度認知障害、精神病、認知症、高血糖症、ストレス障害、抗精神病薬誘導性体重増加、せん妄、鬱病患者の認知障害、ダウン症候群を有する個体における認知悪化、インターフェロン−α治療と関連する精神病、慢性疼痛、胃食道逆流症と関連する疼痛、産後精神病、産後鬱病、早産児における神経学的障害、ならびに片頭痛からなる群より選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記障害もしくは状態は、精神病性大鬱病、ストレス障害および抗精神病薬誘導性体重増加からなる群より選択される、請求項17に記載の方法。
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JP2021525274A (ja) * | 2018-06-04 | 2021-09-24 | コーセプト セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | ピリミジンシクロヘキセニル糖質コルチコイドレセプター調節因子 |
JP7196201B2 (ja) | 2018-06-04 | 2022-12-26 | コーセプト セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | ピリミジンシクロヘキセニル糖質コルチコイドレセプター調節因子 |
JP7474869B2 (ja) | 2020-05-06 | 2024-04-25 | コーセプト セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | ピリミジンシクロヘキシルグルココルチコイド受容体モジュレーターの製剤 |
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