JP2014131519A - Planting culture medium material and vegetable cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a planting culture medium material used for a planting container using a bamboo.SOLUTION: The planting culture medium material is manufactured by shaving a bamboo material along the direction of fibers thereof, and is made of a bamboo fiber, which is not fermented, and is used for the planting container. More than 50 mass% of the bamboo fiber has a length of 1 mm to 15 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant culture medium material mainly composed of bamboo fiber and a plant cultivation method using the same.

  Due to the aging and labor shortage of dredging workers in recent years and the closure of dredging farmers, they are left without digging edible potatoes and then left until they become parent bamboos without cutting down the grown bamboo. Bamboo forests that are under-managed are becoming more prominent. Inadequate management of bamboo forests will lead to invasion of bamboo, reducing the water retention capacity of the land, and damage to other trees such as adjacent cedars and cypresses, resulting in the loss of beautiful mountains. There is a problem that cannot be relaxed in terms of the natural environment.

  In order to solve such a problem, in Patent Document 1, among husks and young bamboos, which are wastes of food processing factories that produce boiled cucumbers, husks have a high exothermic fermentability. Pay attention to the fact that yaw bamboo contains growth-promoting substances such as gibberellin that supports the tremendous growth of bamboo, which is said to grow 1 meter a day, and kinetin and tyrosine. Based on the knowledge that if fertilized as a main raw material, it can be an effective fertilizer for plant growth in combination with waste countermeasures, compost raw materials mainly composed of either husk or wakatake or both, A method for producing a fertilizer by mixing at least one useful microorganism has been proposed.

  On the other hand, since husk and young bamboo are fermented, the active ingredients such as sugars, minerals, and amino acids may be partially decomposed by fermentation heat at 70 to 80 ° C. Are preferably used. When fertilized on the ground to use this unfermented husk and young bamboo as fertilizer, the above growth promoting substances in the young bamboo material effectively act on the plant and promote the growth of the plant along with the fertilizer components in the compost I will let you.

  Here, “Wakatake” refers to the bamboo in the growth process before it became the parent bamboo, and it was not edible because it was not dug as an edible mushroom. It is. Speaking of the most common sect of bamboo in Japan, it is different depending on where it grows, but it usually has a height of about 1 to 4 meters (about 1 week to 1 month from the surface). A parent bamboo is a bamboo that has grown further and usually has become harder after 1 year. Bamboo up to about 1st year does not function as a parent bamboo, and the bamboo quality is soft, so it may be classified as a young bamboo. Sometimes. In this way, the classification method is not fixed, and is often called from the properties of bamboo.

  By the way, there is solution cultivation as a method for cultivating fruit trees, vegetables and plants. This is a cultivation method in which soil is not used in the medium, and nutrients necessary for plant growth are provided by a nutrient solution in which fertilizers are dissolved in water. If this cultivation method is adopted, cultivation is possible even in the absence of soil. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the problems such as soil diseases, salt accumulation, continuous cropping problems, weeds, and pests, which were the problems of soil cultivation, and to facilitate management.

  Solution cultivation also includes hydroponics, spray plowing, and solid medium plowing that do not use a medium. Among them, coconut husk, moss (peat moss), rock wool, and bark (bark) have been used as solid mediums. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).

Japanese Patent No. 4073441

“New Manual of Hydroponic Culture” Seikodo Shinkosha, edited by Japan Facility Horticultural Association, July 30, 2002, p2-17

However, these solid media are natural materials, and many of the production areas are foreign countries. Collecting and importing a large amount of these will not only cause environmental destruction in the production area, but also increase the possibility that foreign species of plants, pests, and pathogens will enter the country.
In recent years, environmental problems have been greatly taken up, and the treatment after using the plant culture medium has become a social problem. When promoting gardening at home, planter soil and other medium materials are mostly non-recyclable materials, which are a drag on ecology projects such as veranda gardens and rooftop greening.

  Therefore, the present invention is abundant in Japan, and on the contrary, by utilizing the effective use of bamboo, which is no longer used as in the past, and the components that are the source of vitality of bamboo, An object of the present invention is to provide a planting medium material that can eliminate disadvantages and contribute to the improvement of environmental problems as a recyclable medium material and a plant cultivation method using the same.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first configuration of the present invention is a planting medium material made of non-fermented bamboo fibers manufactured by cutting bamboo materials along the direction of the fibers.
The inventor of the present application has conducted research on the effective use of bamboo, but the cotton-like thing collected by cutting the bamboo harvested from the bamboo forest along the direction of the fiber is perpendicular to the direction of the fiber. It was found that the bamboo chips cut into pieces have good air permeability. In the case of bamboo chips, if they overlap each other, the chips will be in close contact with each other, and the ventilation will be poor. As for water retention, both bamboo fiber and bamboo chips are good.

  As requirements required for the culture medium, Non-Patent Document 1 described above lists the following matters. (1) The material is uniform and stable with no change over a long period of time. (2) Easy to obtain and inexpensive. (3) Water diffusion is good and moisture management is easy. (4) No nutrient adsorption and easy to manage nutrients. (5) Does not contain inhibitors such as salts, poisons and heavy metals. (6) Does not contain weed seeds or pathogens. (7) Processing after use is safe and easy. Bamboo fiber meets all these requirements. Furthermore, the growth promotion effect by the growth promotion substance contained in bamboo fiber itself can also be expected. In addition, since bamboo fiber is lighter than soil, the burden of transporting the culture medium is light, and the strength of structures such as a cultivation base that supports the culture medium can be reduced compared to soil.

The first configuration of the present invention is that 50% by mass or more of the bamboo fiber has a length of 1 mm to 15 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm. Bamboo fiber is manufactured by cutting bamboo material along the direction of the fiber with a rotary blade, but preferably has a predetermined length and thickness so as not to scatter during use. When the length is 1 mm to 15 mm and the thickness is 0.1 mm to 1 mm, the fibers are entangled to form one lump, which makes it difficult to scatter like powder. When the length exceeds 15 mm and the thickness exceeds 1 mm, the fibers are less likely to be entangled and less likely to become cottony.
The 2nd structure of this invention prescribes | regulates that the electrical conductivity in the culture medium material of a 1st structure is 0.54 mS / cm.

  A third configuration of the present invention is characterized by cultivating a plant by laying a medium mainly composed of the above-mentioned medium for planting in a planting container and supplying water or a fertilizer containing necessary nutrients. Is the method. Planting containers include planters for gardening and vegetable gardens, tanks for hydroponics, and planting floors for rooftop greening. Thus, by using a medium mainly composed of bamboo fiber instead of other medium such as conventional soil, moss, coconut husk, rock wool, bark, etc., it promotes plant growth and effectively uses bamboo resources. Can be achieved.

  The fourth configuration of the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the planting medium material in the cultivation method described above, a mixture obtained by pulverizing young bamboo or bamboo shoots is mixed with 5% or more by dry mass to form a medium. . In this 4th structure, the further growth of a plant can be promoted using the growth promotion substance contained abundantly in a young bamboo and a bamboo shoot.

  According to a fifth configuration of the present invention, in addition to the fourth configuration, the total amount of one or more selected from bamboo compost, coconut husk, bark, gravel, and ceramic material is 5% by mass to 70% by mass. It is characterized by mixing into a medium. In the fifth configuration, it is not necessary to use bamboo fiber as the whole medium, and it is sufficient to include 30% or more. In addition to the conventional medium materials such as coconut husk, bark, gravel, and ceramic materials, it is also possible to use a growth promoting substance contained in a large amount of compost using bamboo active ingredients (bamboo compost).

The present invention has the following effects.
1. The resources are abundant in Japan and are easy to obtain because they are native to people.
2. Overseas products have a great impact on the environment by collecting a large amount of coconut shells or moss. In addition, foreign species of plants, pests, and pathogens are likely to enter the country. On the other hand, bamboo can be used as an abandoned bamboo forest in various places, so that it can be used to manage bamboo forests, such as collecting bamboo shoots, and becomes two birds with one stone. Moreover, since it is domestically produced, it can prevent foreign species of plants, pests and pathogens from entering the country.
3. The medium has both air permeability and water retention, and can prevent plant root rot and pest erosion.
4). Nutrient management is easy because there is little adsorption of nutrients.
5. Since the material is organic, unlike soil, it can be discarded as waste after use or recycled as fertilizer. Therefore, it can contribute to the improvement of environmental problems.
6). It is a safe material because it is a bamboo that grows naturally without the need for fertilizer or care. There is no toxicity of bases, organic metals, etc., and no disinfection is necessary.
7). Since it has a specific gravity of about 1/5 as compared with soil and is light, it is easy to transport, and the strength of a structure such as a cultivation base that supports the culture medium can be reduced as compared with soil.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
A 2-year-old parent bamboo was hung on a dedicated machine and cut in the fiber direction to produce bamboo fibers having a length of 1 to 15 mm and a thickness of less than 1 mm. Bamboo fibers produced by this machine were assembled, and 800 g was spread on a planter having an inner area of 30 cm × 70 cm in a thickness of 15 cm instead of soil and used for a kitchen garden. Fertilizer and water are given regularly as in the case of normal soil.

  Table 1 shows the component analysis results for bamboo composts A to C previously invented by the present inventor and the bamboo fiber of the present invention that has not been fermented.

  For reference, reference items for livestock manure compost (Table 2) and bark compost (Table 3) are shown.

  In the above Tables 1 to 3, there is an item of “EC (electric conductivity)” as a reference for displaying the quality of compost. It is said that compost with high EC should be careful because it causes root bruising. According to the recommended quality standards of the JA Central Association, it is 5 mS (milli-Siemens) / cm or less (From Shunroro Fujiwara, “How to make and use compost, from principles to practice” published by the Rural and Mountain Fishing Village Society, March 2003, p40 -43). In the case of livestock manure compost, it is 5 mS / cm or less, but when EC was measured for unfermented bamboo fiber, an analysis result of 0.54 mS / cm was obtained. Proven to meet quality standards.

The consideration results in Tables 1 to 3 are as follows.
(1) Moisture is 13.5 to 36.6%, it is easy to handle in a smooth state, and further natural fermentation is suppressed.
(2) Total phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ )
Bamboo compost A and B contained 0.056 to 0.857% of total phosphoric acid, and the bark compost quality standard of 05% or more was satisfied. In particular, bamboo fiber is obtained by pulverizing raw bamboo, so the content is small.
(3) All potash (K ₂ O)
It contained 0.393 to 1.96% total potash and satisfied the bark compost quality standards. Bamboo fiber contains 0.3% or more.

(4) Hydrogen ion concentration (pH)
It is 7.2 to 8.7, and the pH tends to increase as fermentation progresses. Although it is set to 5.5 to 7.5 according to the bark compost quality standard, it is generally said to be neutral to weakly alkaline.
(5) Electrical conductivity (EC)
It is 0.54-1.6 mS / cm, and satisfies the livestock manure compost recommended standard of 5 mS / cm or less. The electrical conductivity tends to increase as the amount of nutrients increases, and when the value increases, the growth of the plant may be damaged.

(6) Total amount of nitrogen The amount of nitrogen is 0.21 to 1.54%. Bamboo compost A and C satisfied the bark compost quality standard of 1.2% or more.
(7) Carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio)
It was 28.6-220, and bamboo compost A and C satisfied the quality standard 35 or less of bark compost. The carbon-nitrogen ratio predicts a decrease in the amount of nitrogen in the soil after fertilization, and plant roots are damaged when the value is high. Generally, it is said that 20 or less is preferable.

  From the above considerations, the bamboo fiber of the present invention has a shortage of requirements as compost, but it is sufficient as a medium, and the requirements can be met by giving the lack of total phosphoric acid, total potash, and total nitrogen as fertilizers. It will satisfy.

  Next, the germination index was tested. In this, Komatsuna seeds were planted in a medium provided with bamboo compost A to C and a bamboo fiber medium of the present invention, and the length after 6 days was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

Note) Germination-, no germination *

(1) Bamboo compost A
In the test using the germination index, no damage was observed in the germination and initial growth of Komatsuna seeds, and the growth of the stems was good, so it was evaluated as fully matured compost. The components “total amount of nitrogen”, “total amount of phosphoric acid”, “total amount of potash”, and “carbon-nitrogen ratio” that are the objects of analysis satisfy the quality standards of park compost and can be used as high-quality compost.

(2) Bamboo compost B
In the test using the germination index, no damage was observed in the germination and initial growth of Komatsuna seeds, and the growth of the stem was good, so it was evaluated as fully matured compost. However, since the total nitrogen amount is low and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C-side ratio) is as high as about 50, there is a possibility of causing nitrogen starvation during the plant growth process.

(3) Bamboo compost C
In the test using the germination index, no damage was observed in the germination and initial growth of Komatsuna seeds, and the growth of the stem was good, so it was evaluated as fully matured compost. Although the total nitrogen content is slightly low, it can be used as high-quality compost.

(4) Bamboo fiber In the test with the germination index, no damage was observed in the germination and initial growth of Komatsuna seeds, and the growth of the stem was also good. Thereby, it can fully satisfy | fill conditions as a culture medium material for planting. In addition, like other medium materials, when there is a deficiency as a plant nutrient, it can be solved by giving compost or other fertilizers containing the deficient component.

  The present invention, which is abundant in Japan, has the disadvantages of conventional soil culture media by utilizing the effective use of bamboo, which is no longer used in the past, and the components that are the source of vitality of bamboo. As a planting medium material that can eliminate the above and a plant cultivation method using the same, it can be suitably used in fields such as agriculture and horticulture.

Claims (3)

  A medium material for planting used for a planting container, which is made of unfermented bamboo fiber, manufactured by shaving bamboo material along the direction of the fiber, and 50% by mass or more of the bamboo fiber is long. A medium material for planting having a thickness of 1 mm to 15 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.   The planting medium material according to claim 1, wherein the electrical conductivity is 0.54 mS / cm.   A plant cultivation method comprising cultivating a plant by laying a medium mainly composed of the medium for planting according to claim 1 or 2 on a planting container and supplying water or a fertilizer containing necessary nutrients.