JP2008109858A - Mat seedling and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide mat seedlings having no need of soil-covering work after sowing, promoting germination of seeds and growth of radicles while preventing displacement and dryness of the seeds to grow the seedlings into a mat state. <P>SOLUTION: The mat seedlings comprise the following: clustered plant seedlings obtained by spraying plant seeds all over the surface of a mat-like substrate formed by admixing granules produced by crushing fresh bamboo so as to have a bamboo fibrous-direction length of several millimeters or less, and granular substance produced by crushing palm plant so as to also have a palm-plant fibrous-direction length of the several millimeters or less to gramineous-plant powdery substance produced by finely crushing the structural fiber bundle of the gramineous plants, and subjecting the mixture to compression molding to be formed into a porous plate body so as to be grown into such a state that the radicles pass through the substrate and go around the back surface side of the substrate to be firmly held to the mat-like substrate; and the mat-like substrate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a mat seedling in which rice seedlings, turf seedlings or other young grasses or young trees are densely grown in a mat shape, and a method for producing the same.

Conventionally, rice mat seedlings are generally cultivated in a submerged state by sown seed sown on cultivated soil, that is, earth and sand forming a mat-like floor, and watering them. For that purpose, one section of the paddy field is used as a seedling fee or, as exemplified in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to load culture medium in a separately prepared seedling box. For this reason, various inconveniences were observed in terms of work, such as transporting heavy objects before and after raising seedlings.
JP-A-8-23790

  The turf mat seedling is obtained by cutting a lawn that has been cultivated in advance to a state where roots extend into and entangled with the surface soil of the seedling farm, together with the surface soil having a predetermined size and a certain thickness. This is used by being transferred to a garden or the like under construction or delivered to a gardening store for sale. In order to recover the depleted surface soil, replenishment of new soil to the growing field and addition of organic nutrients has required considerable expenditure for field regeneration each time. In addition, it took time to grow.

  In recent years, in urban areas, attempts have been made to green the building rooftop for the purpose of alleviating the summer heat. This requires labor to lift the garden soil to the roof until it reaches a predetermined thickness. In addition, the garden soil after planting trees and plants gradually drains over time due to rainfall and so on, so they must be replenished regularly. As a result, there is also a risk of clogging the pits and drainage channels that are arranged from the roof to the ground.

  The first object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is to provide a biodegradable mat-like substrate mainly composed of raw bamboo crushed pieces and finely divided particles without using soil as an essential component. And mat seedlings consisting of plant seedlings that have been planted so that seeds of plants are densely sown on this substrate and grown to a predetermined leaf age or plant height, and have been cultivated to a state where their roots are securely held in the substrate. There is to do. The term “biodegradable” as used herein means a property that is naturally and gradually degraded by microorganisms.

  The second object of the present invention is to suppress the upward growth of the buds generated from various seeds to the seed group sown on the mat-like substrate, but the radicles smoothly proceed toward the inside of the substrate. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a mat seedling characterized by rapidly growing a colony seedling of vegetation on the mat-like substrate while taking measures to promote the growth.

  The structure of the mat seedling adopted to achieve the first object is a raw bamboo powder obtained by crushing the length in the fiber direction to several mm or less, and similarly the length in the fiber direction is several mm. The pulverized palm plant powder is mixed with the fine powder of the rice plant of the Inaceae with finely crushed constituent fiber bundles, and compression molded to form a porous plate-like substrate. Plant seedlings and mat-like substrates that have been sown so that the seeds of the vegetation are sown on the entire surface, and the young roots have penetrated the substrate and have been brought to the back side to be securely held on the mat-like substrate. It is set as the structure which consists of.

Further, the mat-like substrate is 30 to 70% by weight of raw bamboo powder obtained by crushing the length in the fiber direction to a few mm or less, and the palm similarly crushing the length in the fiber direction to a few mm or less. 15-30% by weight of a plant granule is mixed with 15-35% by weight of a herbaceous plant of a rice family whose constituent fiber bundles are finely crushed and compression molded to form a porous plate It is a body.

  The “raw bamboo” here includes raw bamboo. “Gramineae herbaceous plants” are herbs excluding bamboo, bamboo, etc., and mainly unused unused items such as straw, thin, rice, straw, wheat, corn, sugarcane and other herbs . On behalf of these plants, they are sometimes referred to below as “family plants”. The mixing ratio of the above materials is about 50% by weight of raw bamboo powder, 20 to 30% by weight of palm plant powder, and 30 to 20% by weight of rice herbaceous plant powder. That is, a weight ratio of 50:30:20 to 50:20:30 is a particularly preferable range. In addition, when converting raw bamboo and palm plant into chips, for example, a power knife or crusher for cutting into bamboo pieces of 2 to 3 mm to 10 mm size, a crushing press machine for crushing and breaking the bamboo pieces, etc. Further, various mechanical means such as a shredder for finer processing can be sequentially combined and driven. Bamboo trunks, branches and leaves, and, in some cases, rhizomes, can be used as raw materials for raw bamboo granules.

  As the above-mentioned vegetation to be sown on the mat-like substrate thus prepared, paddy rice or horticultural turf turf, mainly turf turf, which employs the “tension turf” method is used. However, in the present invention, not only seed pods and turf seeds but also vegetable seeds may be sown in some cases.

  The method for producing a mat seedling according to the second object includes a raw bamboo granule obtained by crushing the length in the fiber direction to a few mm or less, and a palm similarly crushing the length in the fiber direction to a few mm or less A powdered granular material of a family plant is mixed with a powdered material of a herbaceous plant of the rice family whose constituent fiber bundles are finely crushed, and a kneaded product that has been kneaded with water is compression molded to form a porous plate having a thickness of several cm The target is a mat-like substrate formed in a desired shape of about 10 cm in length and width, and the mat-like substrate is accommodated in a dish-shaped holder formed in a corresponding shape, and the desired plant seeds are placed on the surface of the substrate. An operation of sowing, an operation of covering the entire surface of the sowing surface by placing a fragile ultrathin paper having water permeability and water absorption on the entire surface of the sowing surface, and thereafter, so as to make the mat-like substrate wet. The operation of irrigating from the thin paper, and then the mat substrate on the ultrathin paper after irrigation. The operation of placing the presser plate that presses the surface, and the fact that the shoots have been extended to the plant height of the first criterion on the lower surface side of the presser plate after several days after sowing in the mounted state of the presser plate. After confirming the operation, the presser plate is removed and sunlight irradiation is started on the seedling. At the start of the sun exposure, the buds that had been white or light yellow and had a recumbent shape rose and turned from light green to green for the second judgment. An operation for increasing the standard greening degree is performed.

  In forming this unfinished mat, more specifically, germination and growth from after sowing to at least removal of the presser plate is performed in a sealed room in which temperature and humidity can be kept within a certain range. Or it is preferable to carry out in an airtight box at the point which can make the seedling of each holder into the uniform growth degree. In particular, it is possible to grow average seedlings in the summer when the outside air is hot and in the winter when the temperature is low, and it is also possible to grow seedlings without interruption all year round even in the hot and humid southern countries and the extremely cold northern countries. It is useful in that it can be used.

  In addition, by allowing the acclimatization process to pass through the incomplete mat seedling formed in this way, the mat mat can be grown to a state that can withstand transplantation to obtain a completed mat seedling.

  In the method of the present invention, the ultrathin paper can cover the seed group and irrigate it to prevent the movement of the seed. Furthermore, since a presser plate is immediately placed on the top surface of the ultrathin paper, no soil covering after sowing is required.

  In the method of the present invention, in the case of turf, for example, about 18 after seeding, an unfinished mat seedling that satisfies the scale of the second criterion is obtained, which is additionally removed after being taken out of the holder. During the period of about 10 days, the growth process will be continued through the “tuning process”. In this “acclimation process”, indirect light, direct light, or exposure to moderate solar radiation will be allowed to stand and be grown and shipped until it becomes a finished mat seedling that is easy to adapt to the climate of the planting area. Become.

As an example of the above plate-shaped holder, the inner area is 300 mm × 600 mm to 280 mm ×
A rectangle with a depth of about 580 mm and a depth of about 30 mm to 100 mm is a preferred example, and this is preferable in terms of easy handling and good water retention.

  The thickness of the substantially plate-like porous mat-like substrate is preferably about 15 mm to 50 mm. However, this dimension is a factor that should be changed as appropriate depending on the type of plants to be seeded and the seedling conditions, as well as the condition of the degree of growth until the planting.

  In addition, as the above-mentioned ultra-thin paper that is permeable and water-absorbent, a thin paper similar to a commercially available “tissue” (trade name) paper or toilet paper is adapted to the shape of the seed during irrigation. It is preferable in that a space that causes drying is not formed between the two. This thin paper can also be formed using the material which forms the mat-like substrate as referred to in the present invention, for example, powder such as candy. This biodegradable thin paper is effective as a material that protects the seeds, that is, protects the seeds from flowing during irrigation and causing irregularities and dissipation of the spacing between the seeds. Thick ones such as newspapers and copy papers are not preferred because they are insufficiently permeable or have no water permeable action, so that they are stiff even after water absorption, a space is formed between them and the seed shape is not easily blended.

  Furthermore, the above-mentioned presser plate is preferably a thick wooden board with a handle made of thinned wood from the viewpoint of protection and utilization of natural resources, but is not limited to this, as long as it has a flat lower surface and an appropriate weight. It may be of the material.

  The plant height of the first judgment standard related to the timing to remove the presser plate is determined by a suitable value according to the type and variety of plants to be nurtured. In the case of turf, for example, in the lying state under the presser plate This is the time when the growth is about 3 cm.

  The height of the plant as a second criterion for determining whether or not the seedlings have grown to a level suitable for transition to the acclimation process is also determined by various transplanting conditions, environmental conditions of the planting area, etc. In the case of rice, it will be about 150 mm. In the case where the germination temperature is about 20 ° C., and even when the temperature is lower than this, the plant height reaches the second criterion. In the case of turf, about 2 weeks to 20 days after sowing. It is about time has passed.

  The mat seedling referred to in the present invention is a porous material obtained by compression-molding a mixture of raw bamboo powder, palm plant powder, and rice plant powder. Since it is a plate-like body, the bactericidal action of raw bamboo has a slight insecticidal action, so it will protect the mat substrate and seedlings from pests at least until the seedlings settle on the planting ground. There is an advantage that the seedling has good viability.

  The grassy herbaceous plant powder composing the mat-like substrate is powdered by means of grinding or the like, and between raw bamboo powders and palm plant powders. Intervenes and acts as a glue. Therefore, an auxiliary agent such as a sizing agent or a binder agent is not always necessary for producing the mat-like substrate.

  Thus, the mat seedling referred to in the present invention is securely held on the mat seedling base by allowing the young roots of the seeds of the vegetation seeded thereon to permeate the base material and go down to the lower surface side. Since the seedlings and the mat-like substrate are almost integrated, they are difficult to subdivide when moving and transporting, and are easy to handle and less defective. Has a noticeable effect.

  In the method for producing mat seedlings referred to in the present invention, the water-permeable and fragile ultrathin paper that covers the surface of the mat-like substrate as the seedbed material after sowing has a very important function. That is, during irrigation, seeds are prevented from moving and washed away, but they themselves partially collapse and settle into the depressions between the chips present on the substrate surface. Flattening becomes easy. In other words, the plate placed on the thin paper is not only its own weight, or the operator presses the surface of the substrate while lightly applying hand force, so that the thin paper collapsed material filled with the depression between the seeds and the seed is the substrate. There is an advantage that it is easy to promote uniform germination because it is slightly pushed down to the surface of the surface and smoothly becomes flush with the surface layer, leaving no space between the seeds.

  That is, no unnecessary air pockets remain at the interface between the mat-like substrate and the presser plate, and it is possible to prevent the seeds from drying. The water retention effect can be guaranteed.

  In the mat seedlings according to the present invention obtained in this way, the mat-like substrate, that is, the soil is not used as a seedbed component, and no soil covering is necessary for growing seeds. It has the effect of being convenient.

  Bamboo is produced using raw bamboo, which is to protect the seed group before and after germination by utilizing the excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties inherent to raw bamboo. Palm plant is not as antibacterial as raw bamboo, so if it is crushed after boiling, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of removing harmful fungi originally attached to the plant material in advance. The boiled palm plant also has an effect of facilitating the hot press molding process of the mat-like substrate. The same applies to the powders of vines, but boiling of these palms and / or vines is not necessarily an essential requirement in the present invention.

  In particular, the mat-like substrate according to the present invention is produced by using a natural material that has only been appropriately processed and with easy and good quality control. Compared to using soil that is uniform and unstable, sometimes contaminated with pests, the advantages are very large and significant.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, first, 50% by weight of the raw bamboo powder 2 formed to a size of 2 mm ² or less, 30% by weight of the powder 3 of palm plant, The herbaceous plant powder 4 was made 20% by weight and mixed with each other. That is, these raw materials were sufficiently uniformly mixed at a weight ratio of 50:30:20 to obtain a molding material. This material was compressed at a temperature of about 200 ° C. and a pressure of about 3.5 kg / cm ² for 30 seconds to obtain a mat-like substrate having a thickness of 3 cm. When this substrate was used for the production of turf mat seedlings as described below with reference to the seven figures of FIGS. 2 to 8, there was no inconvenience and the expected product could be obtained in a very short time. . In addition, the code | symbol 21 in FIG. 1 is a small hole for the movement of a seed formed in the surface of the mat-like base material 1, and a slipper.

In the first step of the mat seedling production process according to the present invention, the mat-like substrate 1 is placed vertically 28.
A rectangular dish-shaped holder 6 (resin case) having a size of cm, width 58 cm, and depth 5 cm is directly accommodated in a “directly placed” state without any traps and the like. They were arranged in a sealed box 5 that was formed. In this sealed box 5, a water absorbing mat 51 for indoor water retention is spread over the entire bottom surface.

  In the next second step, as shown in FIG. 2, grass seeds 7 are spread on the surface of the mat-like substrate 1 in the holder 6 to a uniform density, and the mat-like substrate 1 is four times as large as the usual open-bed sowing. The seeds for 5 times 18 ml were sown.

  In the third step, as shown in FIG. 3, after laying the water-permeable brittle ultrathin paper 8 on the surface of the mat-like substrate 1 after sowing, and toilet paper in the experiment, as seen in FIG. The nozzle W was uniformly irrigated to make the seed 7 wet.

  In the fourth step, as shown in FIG. 5, the presser plate 9 having the same shape as that of the mat-like substrate 1, that is, a rectangle having a length of 28 cm and a width of 58 cm and having its own weight of about 5 kg is used as an anti-thin paper 8 as a dry prevention and weight. I put it on top. In this state, the inside of the sealed box 5 was hermetically sealed to prevent indoor drying.

  In the fifth step, rooting is promoted in this sealed state, the generation of the radicle 7b from each child 7 has sufficiently progressed, and the size of the bud 7a in the lying position has reached the first criterion (about 3 cm). It was confirmed. That is, in this example, on the 11th day after sowing, the upper sealing plate of the sealed box 5 is opened, the presser plate 9 is removed as shown by the arrow A in FIG. 6, and the seedling can be exposed to external light and sunlight. I did it. In this way, one day later, the sleeping buds stood up overall and greening began. The next day, the buds were almost completely up and the greening was quite advanced.

  Thus, after about one week, in this example, on the 18th day after sowing, as shown in FIG. 7, as shown in FIG. 7, all the buds 7a that were in the recumbent posture when the presser plate 9 was removed were almost parallel. It stood upright, fully greened, and the height reached the second criterion (about 8 cm).

  In the seventh step, the unfinished mat seedling 10 that conforms to the second determination criterion was taken out of the closed box 5 together with the holder 6 so as to be transferred to the acclimatization process. In this way, the cultivation was continued under natural conditions for about 10 days, and was used for fixed planting as an acclimatized finished mat seedling. In this acclimatization growth, when the unfinished mat seedling 10 was taken out from the sealed box 5, it was also removed from the holder 6 and placed on the ground as shown in FIG. No change was seen.

FIG. 9 to FIG. 12 show a second embodiment, where 50% by weight of raw bamboo powder, 20% by weight of palm plant powder, and 30% of grass plant herbaceous powder. The weight percent was mixed. That is, these raw materials were sufficiently uniformly mixed at a weight ratio of 50:20:30 to obtain a molding material. This material was compressed at a temperature of about 180 ° C. and a pressure of about 3 kg / cm ² for 25 seconds to obtain a mat-like substrate having a thickness of 20 mm.

  As shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 in sequence, the mat is first stored in the holder 6 in the holder 6 as shown in FIG. 9 in the same procedure as in the first embodiment. The seed pod 7A was densely seeded on the surface of the substrate 1. Next, as shown in FIG. 10, it was covered with toilet paper 8 as a water-permeable ultrathin paper. Subsequently, the mat-like substrate 1 was sufficiently irrigated by irrigating it, and at this time, the toilet paper 8 was absorbed by water and deformed as shown in FIG. 10, and was closely adhered along the shape of the sowing seed 7A. In this state, as shown in FIG. 12, the holder 6 was accommodated in the sealed box 5, and the presser plate 9 was placed on the upper surface of the seed sowing seed 7A, and the load 6 was sealed at the same time as the load was applied.

  In this way, when the rice seedlings were grown, the expected seedlings could be obtained without any inconvenience. The young seedlings thus obtained were taken out from the sealed box 5 in the same manner as in the first example and acclimated to natural light to promote greening and growth. The mat-like rice seedling thus formed was placed on a rice transplanter seedling stand and subjected to rice transplanting work while dividing the mat-like substrate by several strains, but could be performed without any abnormality. In this way, it was confirmed that it could be used on the current rice transplanter.

1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing a mat-like substrate for mat seedling cultivation according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a first step showing a state in which turf seeds are sown on the mat-like substrate of FIG. 1. The side view of the 2nd step which shows the state which accommodated the container which seeded the mat-like base material in the airtight box. The schematic side view of the 3rd step which shows the state which is watering on the ultra-thin paper after sowing. The schematic side view of the 4th step which shows the state which mounted the presser plate on ultra-thin paper. The schematic side view which shows the 5th step which removes a pressure plate and promotes the rising of the bud of a lying position. The schematic side view of the 6th step which shows the state of the unfinished mat seedling in the state where the young bud stood up. The schematic side view which shows the 7th step which takes out an incomplete mat seedling from an airtight box, and transfers to an acclimatization process. The perspective view of the principal part which shows the state which sowed the seed candy on the mat-like base material which shows 2nd Example. The schematic side view which shows the state which covered the upper part of the sowing seed with ultra-thin paper. The schematic side view which shows the state which watered on the upper surface of FIG. The schematic side view which shows the state which mounted the presser plate on the upper part of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mat-like substrate 2 Raw bamboo powder 3 Palm material powder 4 Rice plant herb powder 5 Sealed box 6 Holder 7 Seed 7a Young shoot 7b Young root 8 Permeable ultrathin paper 9 Press Board 10 Incomplete mat seedling

Claims (7)

  A raw bamboo granule obtained by crushing the length in the fiber direction to several mm or less, and a palm granule that has been similarly crushed to a length of several mm in the fiber direction, The seeds of vegetation are sown on a mat-like substrate that is mixed with a finely crushed rice plant powder and compressed and molded into a porous plate. A mat seedling composed of a plant seedling and a mat-like substrate that has been permeated to the back side and grown to a state where it is securely held on the mat-like substrate.   A mat-like substrate is formed from an admixture of 30-70% by weight of raw bamboo powder, 15-30% by weight of palm plant powder, and 15-35% by weight of grass plant powder. The mat seedling according to claim 1.   The mat seedling according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seeds of vegetation are seeds for upholstery turf.   The mat seedling according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seeds of the vegetation are rice seed pods.   A raw bamboo granule obtained by crushing the length in the fiber direction to several mm or less, and a palm granule that has been similarly crushed to a length of several mm in the fiber direction, A mat formed into a desired shape of about 10 cm in length and width of a porous plate-like body having a thickness of several centimeters by compression-molding a kneaded mixture mixed with finely crushed rice plant herbaceous powder and mixed with stirring with water. An operation for receiving the mat-like substrate in a correspondingly shaped dish-shaped holder, an operation for sowing a desired plant seed on the surface of the substrate, and then the entire surface of the seeding surface Place the fragile ultrathin paper with water permeability and water absorbency on the whole surface of the seeding surface, then irrigate from the ultrathin paper so that the mat-like substrate becomes wet, and then after irrigation An operation of placing a presser plate that presses the entire surface of the mat-like substrate on the ultrathin paper After several days after sowing with the presser plate placed, after confirming that the buds extend to the plant height of the first criterion on the lower surface side of the presser plate, remove the presser plate, and sunlight on the seedlings A mat that undergoes an operation for starting irradiation and an operation for increasing the greening degree of the second criterion by changing the color from light green to green when the shoots that were white or light yellow at the start of sunlight exposure were raised Seedling production method.   The method for producing mat seedlings according to claim 5, wherein the mat mat seedlings are grown to a state that can withstand transplantation by passing an acclimation process through the unfinished mat seedlings to obtain finished mat seedlings.   The method for producing a mat seedling according to claim 5, wherein germination and growth are performed in a sealed box until soaking after sunlight sowing.

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