JP2594228B2 - Vegetation mat - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation mat for stably greening a slope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A vegetation mat laid on a slope for early stable greening is formed by, for example, combining two strip-shaped soluble sheet members, and holding a plant seed or a vegetation base material between the two sheets. The both ends are sewn and cut at a predetermined length, and each is wound into a roll and shipped.
Ease of handling and on-site construction are being improved.

[0003]

However, after the vegetation mat is laid on the slope, plant seeds and vegetation base material often run off from the cut portion, and a countermeasure has been desired.

[0004] The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances,
An object of the present invention is to provide a vegetation mat in which plant seeds and vegetation base materials do not flow away from a cut portion.

[0005]

According to the present invention, means for solving the above-mentioned problems are constituted as follows. That is, in the first invention, a plant seed and a vegetation base material are sandwiched between an upper sheet and a lower sheet made of a material that can be decomposed at least partially, and the plant seed is placed on the outer surface of the upper sheet. A mat made of a vegetable fiber material is interposed between the upper surface sheet and the lower surface sheet in a cut portion of the vegetation mat provided with a net capable of germinating and growing.

In the second invention, a mat made of a nonwoven fabric is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat, instead of the mat made of the vegetable fiber material in the first invention. It is characterized by:

In the third invention, a polymer absorbent is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat in place of the mat made of the vegetable fiber material in the first invention. It is characterized by:

A fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the mats according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention are combined with each other, and a water retention material is sandwiched between the two mats.

The fifth invention is characterized in that a fertilizer is sandwiched between the two mats together with a water retention material.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the net according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention is provided with a net capable of germinating and growing plant seeds on the outer surface of the lower sheet. I have.

[0011]

[Action] A mat made of a vegetable fiber material or a water-disintegratable nonwoven fabric or a mat made of a polymer absorbent is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in the cut portion, so that the plant seed can be cut from the cut portion. And the vegetation base material is prevented from flowing out.

By arranging two mats and interposing a water retention material and a fertilizer therebetween, it is possible to promote better germination and growth in the cut portion.

[0013]

1 and 2 show a vegetation mat M according to an embodiment of the present invention. In these figures, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote a water-soluble top sheet and a bottom sheet, respectively. Reference numerals 3 and 4 denote a plant seed and a vegetation base material sandwiched between the sheets 1 and 2, respectively. Reference numeral 5 denotes a water-disintegrable sheet provided on the outer surface side of the top sheet 1, 6 denotes a net provided on the outer surface side of the water-disintegrable sheet 5, and 7 sews the sheets 1, 2, 5, and the net 6 collectively. Sewing thread.

The above-mentioned upper sheet 1 and lower sheet 2
Is, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA)
And a water-soluble material such as a completely water-soluble polymer material or a water-soluble paper material.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a cut portion, which is cut at the center of the cut portion 8 by a cut line 9 set in the width direction at the time of manufacture of the mat. A mat 10 made of a vegetable fiber material is interposed between 1 and the lower sheet 2 instead of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4. As the vegetable fiber material, for example, a material obtained by molding a vegetable fiber mainly composed of coconut fiber into a mat shape is preferable.

[0016] In addition to the above, it is used for a soft non-woven fabric formed by bonding a water-retaining fiber such as rayon or cotton with a water-soluble binder without pressure bonding, in the form of a mat, and a disposable diaper. As the mat 10, a polymer absorbent, a laminate of a paper material having water absorbency and a paper material having appropriate water resistance can be used.

Such a mat 10 does not easily dissolve in water and has good fixing and assimilation properties on a slope.
As will be described later, at the time of construction on site, the cut portion 8 does not disappear immediately even when the cut portion 8 is folded downward and folded back at the joint of the vegetation mat M, and the runoff of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 is effected. In addition, the plant seeds 3 can be well germinated and grown even in the cut portions 8 thereof.
For example, the mat 10 is formed in a rectangular sheet shape having a width of about 25 cm, a length of about 1 m, and a thickness of about 5 to 6 mm, but the thickness of the mat 10 increases as the thickness of the vegetation mat M increases. It is preferable (see FIG. 5A).

In the case where the above-mentioned mat 10 is constructed so that two mats are put together, a water retaining material 41 such as vermiculite or perlite, a fertilizer 42 such as a general chemical fertilizer, or a bark compost is sandwiched between the mats. It is possible to promote better germination and growth in the cut portion 8 (see FIG. 5B).

As the plant seeds 3 sandwiched between the two sheets 1 and 2, seeds of exotic plants such as pasture and seeds of native plants such as flower plant seeds, wild grasses and trees are used. Specifically, as forage seeds, creeping red fescue, highland bentgrass, red top,
There are bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, etc., and as flower plant seeds, there are yellow daisy, French chrysanthemum, big gold chicken chrysanthemum, saw, grass flycatcher, California poppy, purple hananana, gypsophila, cosmos, celosia, kawaranashiko, garlic, etc. as the grass seed is mugwort, silver grass, Medohagi, and Japanese knotweed. Further, examples of tree plants include red pine, yabu-shabu, weasel, yamahagi, and komatsuna. Then, seeds of these plants are appropriately mixed.

The vegetation base material 4 is a base material necessary for plant growth and soil improvement. Examples of the vegetation base material 4 include general chemical fertilizers and soil improvers, organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss, and inorganic materials such as vermiculite and perlite. A material obtained by appropriately mixing materials and the like is used.

The water-disintegrable sheet 5 provided between the upper sheet 1 and the net 6 is different from the water-soluble upper sheet 1 and lower sheet 2 in that it is easily melted by rainfall or other moisture. Have the property of not
For example, a water-disintegratable nonwoven fabric composed of 30 to 50% of pulp fibers, 35 to 45% of polypropylene fibers, and 10 to 30% of powdery or fibrous PVA can be used.

Here, if the addition ratio of pulp fiber is 30% or less, problems of dispersibility and strength due to dissolution of PVA due to moisture absorption occur. On the other hand, if this ratio is 50%, polypropylene fiber In addition, the addition ratio of PVA or PVA is reduced, and a problem of solubility due to moisture and a problem of strength occur.

Further, the addition ratio of the polypropylene fiber is 3
If it is 5% or less, solubility problems and strength problems due to moisture occur. On the other hand, if it is 45% or more, the addition ratio of pulp fiber or PVA decreases, and the solubility problem due to moisture decreases. Derive.

If the addition ratio of PVA is 10% or less, a problem of solubility due to moisture occurs. On the other hand, if the addition ratio is 30% or more, the addition ratio of pulp fiber or polypropylene fiber decreases, and The above problems occur.

From the above, the pulp fiber, the polypropylene fiber and the PVA are blended in the above-mentioned ratio so as to obtain solubility and constant strength.

The net 6 serves to prevent the frost heaving and run-off of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 in a state where the top sheet 1 is melted, together with the water-decomposable sheet 5. It is necessary to have a target that allows germination and growth. In this embodiment, the net 6 is made of a synthetic fiber such as polyethene, polypropylene or nylon, which has been generally used, and has corrosion resistance.

In addition to the corrosion-resistant material, the net 6 may be made of natural fibers such as cotton, silk, hemp, etc. which are decomposed and corroded by microorganisms and disappear with time, or viscose made of regenerated cellulose. Regenerated fibers such as rayon, corrosive materials such as high-strength rayon fibers that have high tensile strength compared to viscose rayon fibers, but have the property of deteriorating due to deterioration over time may be used. As an alternative, an antibacterial treatment may be applied to adjust the corrosion time.

As an example of a net subjected to the antibacterial treatment, there is a "vegetation netting" (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-355600) filed by the present applicant on December 19, 1992. Therefore, the configuration of this net will be described briefly.

There are the following methods for obtaining a net subjected to the antibacterial treatment. One is natural fiber such as cotton, silk, hemp, etc., which disappears over time due to decomposition and corrosion by microorganisms, regenerated fiber such as viscose rayon made of regenerated cellulose, and tensile strength compared to viscose rayon fiber. A net composed of a corrosive material alone, such as strong rayon fiber, which has a property of being reduced in strength over time but corroding, or composed of any of the corrosive materials and synthetic fibers such as nylon and polypropylene. An antibacterial agent containing dimethylbenzylammonium chloride as an active ingredient is applied to or sprayed on a net formed using the blended fiber, or the net is immersed in a treatment tank containing the antibacterial agent.

Further, the corrosive material or the blended fiber is used as the warp or the weft constituting the net, and the antibacterial agent is previously added to the material of the warp or the weft. Weave the net with the warp and weft.

The net thus constructed has the required strength, for example, in the latter half to two years when laid on the slope, and then gradually corrodes and is homogenized with the soil. It has.

As the sewing thread 7 for sewing the sheets 1, 2, 5, 5, the net 6, and the mat 10, jute cotton or rayon is suitable.

Next, a method of manufacturing the vegetation mat M having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.

The lower sheet 2 made of the PVA sheet shown in FIG. 3A is flowed on a conveyor (not shown), and as shown in FIG.
The plant seed 3 is dropped and sprayed. In this case, a non-spray zone Z (see FIG. 4) having a predetermined width in which the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are not sprayed is formed at predetermined intervals.

Next, in the non-spraying zone Z, a mat 1
Input 0. Thereafter, the top sheet 1 is placed [see FIG. (C)]. The spacing between the mats 10, 10 is 10 m when the thickness of the vegetation mat M is 1 cm and 5 m when the thickness is 2 cm.
The distance is preferably about 3 m when the distance is 3 cm.

Then, as shown in FIG. 3 (D), both side edges 2a of the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction are folded upward by a folding device (not shown), and overlap with both side edges 1a of the upper sheet 1. Both side edges of the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction are sealed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3E, the water-disintegrable sheet 5 is supplied, and the folded portion 2a and the top sheet 1 are supplied.
, And the water-disintegrable sheet 5 is covered with a net 6 as shown in FIG.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4G and FIG. 4, the mat 10 is sewn together with the top sheet 1, the bottom sheet 2, the water-disintegrable sheet 5 and the net 6 by a sewing machine (not shown). I do. This sewing is preferably performed at a relatively small interval (fine mesh) in the folded portion 2a, and the other portions are preferably performed at a relatively large interval (coarse mesh). FIG. 3 (G)
Reference numeral 11 in FIG. 4 denotes a plurality of sewing needles of the sewing machine.

After the sewing, the mat 10 is cut by a cutting device (not shown) at the cut portion 8 into which the mat 10 has been put, so as to have a predetermined length and a predetermined width as shown in FIGS. Vegetation mat M is formed. In addition, this vegetation mat M is appropriately wound up (not shown).
Is wound up in a roll.

Further, in the vegetation mat M, since the PVA sheet is used as the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 that cover the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4, no dust is deposited at the time of manufacturing. The working environment is well maintained. In the case of sewing with a sewing machine, a small hole is formed by the sewing needle 11 penetrating both sheets 1 and 2, and the sheet portion around the small hole acts so as to close the small hole. Therefore, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed between the sheets 1 and 2 do not leak.

Further, in the vegetation mat M, since both end portions 2a in the traveling direction of the lower sheet 2 are folded upward, both end portions 1a of the upper sheet 1 are wrapped by the folded portions 2a. Therefore, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed in a scattered state between the sheets 1 and 2 do not leak to the outside. Further, since the both end portions 2a of the lower sheet 2 are folded upward so as to overlap the both end portions 1a of the upper sheet 1, the cut portions 8 are formed.
In combination with the mat 10 interposed between the two sheets 1, 2
The plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed between the two sheets 1
2 will be completely covered and will not leak out.

Such a vegetation mat M is laid on a slope, for example, as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of vegetation mats M are placed on the lower surface sheet 2 on the side of the The parts are arranged in the width direction so as to overlap with each other, and are fixed to the slope 12 using a fastener 13 such as an anchor. In this case, at the highest position of the slope 12, that is, at the shoulder portion, as shown in the enlarged view in the figure, the cut portions 8 formed at both ends in the length direction are developed, and the fastener 13 is inserted therethrough. Let it. At the joint between the vegetation mats M, M, the cut portion 8 is folded back toward the lower sheet 2, and the fastener 13 is inserted through the folded portion.
Is provided.

Since the upper and lower sheets 1 and 2 of the vegetation mat M are made of thin water-soluble sheets, the entire mat is rich in flexibility and even if the slope 12 has some irregularities, It fits well and adheres to the slope 12 without partial lifting. Vegetation mat M is slope 1
2, the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are covered with the sheets 1 and 2 and the mat 10 is sandwiched between the cut portions 8 of the sheets 1 and 2, Runoff is effectively prevented.

When water is applied to the vegetation mat M due to rainfall or water sprinkling, the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 are rapidly dissolved, and in particular, the lower sheet 2 in contact with the slope 12 is faster than the upper sheet 1. Dissolve in Therefore, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 in the vegetation mat M adhere to the slope 12 without any gap, and the plant seeds 3 easily germinate, and the germinated seedlings are supplied with fertilizer and water. Will surely grow.

On the other hand, the top sheet 1 of the vegetation mat M
Since the water-disintegrable sheet 5 and the net 6 that are less soluble than the PVA sheet are provided, the mat 10 that does not easily dissolve in water is fixed to the slope 12 at the joining end of the vegetation mat M. Because of these, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 on the slope 12 are stably held,
The frost heave and the runoff of the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are effectively prevented.

The mat 10 is assimilated with the slope 12 when the plant grows, so that the plant can sufficiently take root and, like the other parts, can be planted at an early level without uneven growth. It can be achieved reliably.

Incidentally, as the water-disintegrable sheet 5, a sheet obtained by binding soup, polypropylene, nylon or the like with a water-soluble paste such as PVA, or a water-disintegrable paper obtained by binding paper made of pulp material with a water-soluble paste is used. Can also.
In addition, the net 6 may be a net with a tight mesh. In this case, it is preferable that the net is formed of a corrosive material such as viscose rayon.

Alternatively, in each of the above-described embodiments, the upper surface sheet 1, the water-disintegrable sheet 5 and the net 6 are provided above the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4 so as to be higher than the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4. Although only the lower sheet 2 is provided on the lower side, it may be configured as follows.

That is, although not shown, a water-disintegrable sheet 5 may be attached to the lower surface of the lower sheet 2, for example. In the vegetation mat configured as described above, since the lower sheet 2 made of a water-soluble sheet does not directly touch the slope 12,
There is an advantage that construction can be performed even when the slope 12 has some moisture. Alternatively, the upper sheet 1 or the lower sheet 2 may be formed of a sheet material that is at least partially decomposed, such as a water-decomposable sheet or a biodegradable sheet as described above.

Further, only the net 6 may be provided on the lower surface side of the lower sheet 2, and in this case also, the erosion of the slope 12 can be more reliably prevented.

Needless to say, the vegetation mats having the above-described configurations can be manufactured in the same manner as in the above embodiment.

[0052]

As described above, in the vegetation mat of the present invention, the plant fiber material or the water-decomposable material is provided at the cut portions of the upper and lower surfaces of at least partially decomposing the plant seeds and the vegetation base material. Since a mat made of non-woven fabric or polymer absorbent material is interposed, it is possible to prevent plant seeds and vegetation base material from flowing out from the cut part, stably fix these to the slope, and sound It can germinate and grow.

Further, since the upper and lower sheets have decomposability, the plant seeds and vegetation base material fall to the slope by rainfall or water sprinkling, and the plant seeds and vegetation base material dropped to the slope by the net. Can be prevented, and erosion of the slope can be prevented.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing one embodiment of a vegetation mat of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state where the vegetation mat is laid on a slope.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a manufacturing process of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 4 is a partially broken perspective view showing an example of a sewing step of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the same net, and FIG. 5B is a partial development view of a two-piece mat in which a water retention material or a fertilizer is interposed therebetween.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the vegetation mat.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 top sheet, 2 bottom sheet, 3 plant seeds, 4 ...
Vegetation base material, 5: water-disintegrable sheet, 6: net, 8: cut part, 10: mat, 41: water retention material, 42: fertilizer, M ...
Vegetation mat.

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Michibei Sakate 590-1 Takao, Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan Vegetation Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-4-47023 (JP, A) JP-A-4-47024 (JP, A)

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plant seed and a vegetation base material are sandwiched between an upper sheet and a lower sheet made of a material that is at least partially decomposable, and the germination and growth of the plant seed are on the outer surface of the upper sheet. A vegetation mat, wherein a mat made of a vegetable fiber material is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in a cut portion of the vegetation mat provided with a net having a possible mesh. 2. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein a mat made of a nonwoven fabric is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in a cut portion of the vegetation mat instead of the mat made of a vegetable fiber material. The vegetation mat according to the above. 3. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein a polymer absorbent is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in a cut portion of the vegetation mat, instead of the mat made of the vegetable fiber material. The vegetation mat according to the above. 4. The mat according to claim 1, wherein two mats are combined, and a water retention material is sandwiched between the two mats.
A vegetation mat according to claim 3. 5. The vegetation mat according to claim 4, wherein a fertilizer is sandwiched between the two mats together with a water retention material. 6. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein a net having a measure capable of germinating and growing plant seeds is provided on an outer surface side of the lower sheet.