JP3000997U - Vegetation mat - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To provide a vegetation mat in which plant seeds and vegetation base material do not run off from the cut portion. [Structure] Between a top sheet 1 and a bottom sheet 2 in a cut portion 8 of a vegetation mat M, a mat 10 made of a plant fiber material mainly composed of coconut fiber is interposed.

Description

[Detailed description of the device]

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

 The present invention relates to a vegetation mat for early stable greening of slopes.

[0002]

[Prior art]

 For vegetation mats laid on the slope for early stable greening, for example, two strip-shaped soluble sheet members are combined, and plant seeds and vegetation base materials are sandwiched between the two sheets and both edges are Items sewn on are cut to a specified length and wound into rolls, which are then shipped to facilitate handling and local construction.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the device]

 However, after laying the vegetation mat on the slope, plant seeds and vegetation base material often run away from the cut portion, and a countermeasure against this has been desired.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a vegetation mat in which plant seeds and vegetation base materials do not run off from the cut portion.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

 The present invention has means for solving the above-mentioned problems as follows. That is, in the first invention, the plant seed and the vegetation base material are sandwiched between the upper sheet and the lower sheet made of at least a partially decomposable material, and the plant seed is provided on the outer surface side of the upper sheet. A mat made of vegetable fiber material mainly composed of coconut fiber is provided between the top sheet and the bottom sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat provided with a net having a mesh capable of germination and growth. It is characterized by having been intervened.

[0006] In a second aspect, a mat made of non-compressible water-decomposable non-woven fabric is used in place of the mat made of the vegetable fiber material of the first aspect, and the upper sheet and the lower sheet at the cut portion of the vegetation mat are used. It is characterized by being interposed between and.

In a third aspect of the invention, instead of the mat made of the plant fiber material of the first aspect, a polymer absorber is interposed between the top sheet and the bottom sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat. It is characterized by that.

A fourth aspect of the invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to third aspects, two mats are combined, and perlite or vermiculite is sandwiched between the two mats.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a general chemical fertilizer or bark compost is sandwiched between both mats in the fourth aspect together with perlite and vermiculite.

In a sixth invention, in any one of the first invention to the fifth invention, a net having a mesh for allowing germination and growth of plant seeds is attached to the outer surface side of the lower surface sheet. It has a feature.

[0011]

[Action]

 By interposing a mat made of a vegetable fiber material or a water-decomposable non-woven fabric or a mat made of a polymer absorber between the top sheet and the bottom sheet in the cut portion, the plant seed and the vegetation substrate are cut from the cut portion. The timber is prevented from running away.

By forming two mats and interposing a water retaining material or fertilizer between them, it is possible to promote better germination and growth in the cut portion.

[0013]

【Example】

 1 and 2 show a vegetation mat M according to an embodiment of the present invention. In these figures, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote a water-soluble upper sheet and a lower sheet, respectively. And, 3 and 4 are plant seeds and vegetation base materials sandwiched between the sheets 1 and 2, respectively. 5 is a water-decomposable sheet attached to the outer surface side of the top sheet 1, 6 is a net attached to the outer surface side of the water-decomposable sheet 5, and 7 is a sewn sheet 1, 2, 5 and net 6 collectively. It is a sewing thread to wear.

The above-mentioned top sheet 1 and bottom sheet 2 are formed of a completely water-soluble polymer material such as polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) or a water-soluble material such as water-soluble paper material. Composed of things.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a cut portion, which is cut at a cut line 9 which is set in the widthwise direction at the center of the cut portion 8 when the mat is manufactured. In place of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4, a mat 10 made of a plant fiber material is interposed between 1 and the lower surface sheet 2. The plant fiber material is preferably, for example, a mat-shaped plant fiber mainly composed of palm fruit fiber.

In addition to the above, a soft non-bonding non-woven fabric in which a water-retaining fiber such as rayon or cotton is adhered with a water-soluble binder without being pressure-bonded is used in a mat-like form or a paper diaper. As the mat 10, a polymer absorber, a laminated paper material having a water absorbing property and a paper material having an appropriate water resistance may be used as the mat 10.

Such a mat 10 does not easily dissolve in water and has good fixation and assimilation property on the slope, and as will be described later, the joint portion of the vegetation mat M at the time of construction on site. Then, even if the cut portion 8 is overlapped downward and folded back, the cut portion 8 does not immediately disappear, and the runoff of the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4 can be effectively prevented, and the cut portion 8 also has the plant seed. 3 can be germinated and grown well. By the way, the mat 10 is, for example, a rectangular sheet having a width of 25 cm, a length of 1 m and a thickness of 5 to 6 mm, and the thicker the vegetation mat M, the thicker the mat 10. Preferred [see FIG. 5 (A)].

In the case where the mat 10 is composed of two mats and a water retaining material 41 such as vermiculite or perlite, a general chemical fertilizer, or a fertilizer 42 such as bark compost is sandwiched between them, Further, it is possible to promote better germination and growth in the cut portion 8 [see FIG. 5 (B)].

As the plant seeds 3 sandwiched between the above-mentioned sheets 1 and 2, seeds of alien species such as grass and seeds of native species such as flower plant seeds, wild grass and trees are used. Specifically, grass seeds include creeping red fescue, highland bentgrass, red top, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and flower plant seeds include yellow daisies, French chrysanthemums, Daikin chicken chrysanthemums, and saws. grass, Haetori pink, California poppy, Murasakihanana, Baby's Breath, cost Moss, cockscomb, Kawaranadeshiko, there is such as Gaillardia pulchella, also, it is a wild grass seed, a mugwort, Japanese pampas grass, Medohagi, and Japanese knotweed. Furthermore, tree plants include red pine, yashabushi, weasel, yamahagi, and komatsunagi. Then, seeds of these plants are appropriately mixed.

The vegetation base material 4 is a base material necessary for plant growth and soil improvement, and examples thereof include general chemical fertilizers and soil improvers, organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss, vermiculite and perlite. An appropriate mixture of the above inorganic materials is used.

The water-decomposable sheet 5 attached between the top sheet 1 and the net 6 is different from the water-soluble top sheet 1 and bottom sheet 2 in that it dissolves immediately due to rainfall or other moisture. Use a water-decomposable non-woven fabric, which has a property not to swell, for example, 30 to 50% of pulp fibers, 35 to 45% of polypropylene fibers, and 10 to 30% of powdery or fibrous PVA. You can

Here, if the addition ratio of pulp fiber is 30% or less, problems of dispersibility and strength due to dissolution of PVA due to water absorption occur, and if it is 50%, polypropylene becomes Since the proportion of fibers or PVA added is reduced, problems of solubility due to moisture and strength occur.

Further, if the addition ratio of polypropylene fiber is 35% or less, solubility problems due to moisture and strength problems occur, while if it is 45% or more, the addition ratio of pulp fibers and PVA is increased. Is less, resulting in solubility problems due to moisture.

[0024] When the addition ratio of PVA is 10% or less, the problem of solubility due to water occurs, while when it is 30% or more, the addition ratio of pulp fibers and polypropylene fibers is reduced, and the strength is increased. The above problem occurs.

From the above, pulp fiber, polypropylene fiber and PVA are blended in the above proportions to obtain solubility and a certain strength.

The net 6 is provided to prevent the frost-up and runoff of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 with the top sheet 1 dissolved, together with the water-decomposable sheet 5, and at least the plant seeds. It is necessary to have a texture capable of germination and growth of 3. In this embodiment, the net 6 is made of synthetic fiber such as polyethylene, polypropylene or nylon which has been generally used in the past, and has corrosion resistance.

As the constituent material of the net 6, in addition to the above-mentioned corrosion resistant material, for example, natural fibers such as cotton, silk, and hemp that are decomposed and corroded by microorganisms and disappear over time, and screws made of recycled cellulose are used. Reusable fibers such as coarse rayon and corrosive materials such as strong rayon fibers that have a higher tensile strength than the viscose rayon fibers but have the property of decreasing in strength over time and corroding. The net may be configured to be subjected to antibacterial treatment so that the time of corrosion can be adjusted.

As the net subjected to the antibacterial treatment, there is, for example, a “vegetation net” (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-355600) filed by the applicant of the present application on December 19, 1992. Therefore, the structure of this net will be briefly described.

There are the following methods for obtaining the net subjected to the antibacterial treatment. One is the tensile strength compared to natural fibers such as cotton, silk, and hemp that are decomposed and corroded by microorganisms and disappear over time, regenerated fibers such as viscose rayon made of regenerated cellulose, and viscose rayon fibers. With a large amount of corrosive material such as strong rayon fiber, which has the property of decreasing in strength over time and corroding, or with any of the corrosive materials and synthetic fibers such as nylon or polypropylene. An antibacterial agent containing dimethylbenzylammonium chloride as an active ingredient is applied to, sprayed on, or immersed in a treatment tank containing the antibacterial agent. To do.

The corrosive material or the mixed fiber is used as the warp or the weft constituting the net, and the antibacterial agent is internally added to the material of the warp or the weft in advance. The net is knitted with the warp and weft that have been made.

The net constructed in this way has an excellent strength, for example, in the latter half year to two years of being laid on the slope, and then gradually corroded and homogenized with the soil. It has the property.

Jute cotton or rayon is suitable as the sewing thread 7 for sewing the sheets 1, 2, 5, the net 6 and the mat 10.

Next, a method of manufacturing the vegetation mat M having the above structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

The lower surface sheet 2 made of the PVA sheet shown in FIG. 3 (A) is poured onto a conveyor (not shown), and as shown in FIG. 3 (B), the vegetation substrate 4, The plant seed 3 is dropped and sprayed. In this case, the non-scattering zone Z (see FIG. 4) having a predetermined width in which the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are not scattered is formed at predetermined intervals.

Next, the mat 10 is put into the non-scattering zone Z. After that, the top sheet 1 is placed [see FIG. (C)]. The spacing between the mats 10 and 10 is preferably about 10 m when the thickness of the vegetation mat M is 1 cm, 5 m when it is 2 cm, and 3 m when it is 3 cm.

Then, by a folding device (not shown), as shown in FIG. 1D, both side ends 2a of the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction are folded upward and overlapped with both side ends 1a of the upper sheet 1. Both side ends of the top sheet 1 and the bottom sheet 2 in the traveling direction are sealed.

Next, as shown in (E) of the figure, the water-decomposable sheet 5 is supplied to cover the folded portions 2a and the upper surfaces of the top sheet 1, and further, as shown in (F) of the figure, the water-decomposable sheet is formed. Cover 5 with net 6.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4G and FIG. 4, the mat 10 is collectively sewn together with the upper sheet 1, the lower sheet 2, the water-decomposable sheet 5 and the net 6 by a sewing machine (not shown). To wear. It is preferable that the sewing is performed at relatively small intervals (fine mesh) in the folded-back portion 2a, and at relatively large intervals (coarse mesh) at the other portions. Reference numeral 11 in FIGS. 3 (G) and 4 indicates a plurality of sewing needles of the sewing machine.

After the sewing, a cutting device (not shown) cuts the mat 10 into the cut portion 8 to cut the mat 10 into a predetermined length, as shown in FIGS. 3 (H) and 6. The vegetation mat M having a predetermined width is formed. The vegetation mat M is wound into a roll by an appropriate winding device (not shown).

Further, in the vegetation mat M, since PVA sheets are used as the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 that cover the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4, dust is not generated during manufacturing, Therefore, the working environment is maintained well. When sewing with a sewing machine, a small hole is formed by the sewing machine needle 11 penetrating both sheets 1 and 2, but the sheet portion around the small hole acts to close the small hole. . Therefore, the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed between the sheets 1 and 2 do not leak out.

Further, in the vegetation mat M, since both end portions 2 a of the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction are folded back upward, both end portions 1 a of the upper sheet 1 are wrapped by the folded portions 2 a. Therefore, the plant species 3 and the vegetation base material 4 which are interposed between the sheets 1 and 2 in a scattered state do not leak out. Further, both side edges 2a of the lower sheet 2 are folded back so as to overlap the both side edges 1a of the upper sheet 1, so that both sheets 1 can be joined together with the mat 10 interposed in the cut portion 8. The plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed between the two sheets 1 and 2 are completely covered by the sheets 1 and 2 and do not leak outside.

Such a vegetation mat M is laid on the slope as follows, for example. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of vegetation mats M are arranged such that the bottom sheet 2 is on the slope 12 side, and the length direction thereof is the vertical direction of the slope 12 and the width direction. Are aligned in the width direction so that parts of them overlap each other, and are fixed to the slope 12 using a fastener 13 such as an anchor. In this case, at the uppermost portion of the slope 12, that is, the shoulder, as shown in an enlarged view in the figure, the cut portions 8 formed at both ends in the lengthwise direction are developed and the fastener 13 is inserted there. . In addition, at the joint between the vegetation mats M, the cut portion 8 is folded back toward the lower sheet 2, and a fastener 13 is provided so as to pass through the folded portion.

In the vegetation mat M, since the upper and lower sheets 1 and 2 are thin water-soluble sheets, the entire mat is highly flexible, and even if the slope 12 has some irregularities, the slope 12 It fits well on the slope 12 without being partially lifted. At the beginning when the vegetation mat M was laid on the slope 12, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation substrate 4 were covered with both sheets 1 and 2, and the mat 10 was placed on the cut portions 8 of both sheets 1 and 2. Because it is pinched, runoff is effectively prevented.

When the vegetation mat M is splashed with water due to rainfall or sprinkling water, the top sheet 1 and the bottom sheet 2 are quickly dissolved, and in particular, the bottom sheet 2 in contact with the slope 12 is more quickly than the top sheet 1. Dissolve in. Therefore, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 in the vegetation mat M adhere to the slope 12 without any gaps, the plant seeds 3 easily germinate, and the germinating seedlings are supplied with fertilizer and water. And surely grow.

On the other hand, the top sheet 1 of the vegetation mat M is provided with the water-decomposable sheet 5 and the net 6 which are less likely to dissolve than the PVA sheet. Since the mat 10 that is not soluble in water is fixed on the slope 12, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 on the slope surface 12 are stably held by these, and the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are retained. Freezing and runoff of trees are effectively prevented.

When the plant grows, the mat 10 is assimilated with the slope 12, so that the plant can take root sufficiently, and like the other parts, the early greening without growth unevenness can be achieved. It can be achieved reliably.

By the way, as the water-decomposable sheet 5, a sheet made of staple, polypropylene, nylon or the like bound with a water-soluble glue such as PVA, or a water-degradable paper obtained by binding paper made of a pulp material with a water-soluble glue is used. You can also Further, the net 6 may be a net having a tight mesh, and in this case, the net is preferably made of a corrosive material such as viscose rayon.

Alternatively, in each of the above-described embodiments, the top sheet 1, the water-decomposable sheet 5 and the net 6 are provided above the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 so that the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are provided. Although only the lower sheet 2 is provided on the lower side, it may be configured as follows.

That is, although not shown, for example, the water-decomposable sheet 5 may be attached to the lower surface of the lower sheet 2. In the vegetation mat configured as described above, the lower sheet 2 made of a water-soluble sheet does not directly contact the slope 12, so that there is an advantage that it can be applied even when there is some moisture on the slope 12. Alternatively, the top sheet 1 or the bottom sheet 2 may be formed of a sheet material that at least partially decomposes, such as the water-decomposable sheet and the microbial-decomposable sheet described above.

Further, only the net 6 may be provided on the lower surface side of the lower surface sheet 2, and even in this case, the erosion of the slope 12 can be more reliably prevented.

It goes without saying that the vegetation mat having each of the above-mentioned configurations can be manufactured in the same manner as in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0052]

[Effect of device]

 As explained above, in the vegetation mat of the present invention, the plant fiber mainly composed of palm fruit fiber is cut into the cut parts of the upper and lower sheets which at least partially decompose to cover the plant seed and the vegetation base material. Since a mat made of wood, non-compression-bonded water-decomposable non-woven fabric or polymer absorbent is interposed, it is possible to prevent plant seeds and vegetation base material from running away from the cut portion, and these are used as slopes. On the other hand, it can be stably established and can germinate and grow soundly.

Further, since the upper and lower sheets have degradability, plant seeds and vegetation base materials fall on the slope due to rainfall and sprinkling, and the plant species and vegetation that fell on the slope by the net. It is possible to prevent the base material from being washed away, and to prevent erosion on the slope.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an embodiment of a vegetation mat of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state in which the vegetation mat is laid on a slope.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a manufacturing process of the same vegetation mat.

FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a sewing process of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 5 (A) is a perspective view of the net, and FIG. 5 (B) is a partial development view of a mat of two mats sandwiching a water retaining material and fertilizer in the middle.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the vegetation mat.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Top sheet, 2 ... Bottom sheet, 3 ... Plant seed, 4 ...
Vegetation substrate, 5 ... Water decomposable sheet, 6 ... Net, 8 ... Cut portion, 10 ... Mat, 41 ... Water retaining material, 42 ... Fertilizer, M ...
Vegetation mat.

Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Michibe Sakate 1 590 Takao, Tsuyama City, Okayama Prefecture Japan Vegetation Co., Ltd.

Claims (6)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A plant seed and a vegetation base material are sandwiched between an upper sheet and a lower sheet made of at least a partially decomposable material, and germination and growth of the plant seed on the outer surface side of the upper sheet. A mat made of a vegetable fiber material mainly composed of palm fruit fibers is interposed between the upper sheet and the lower sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat provided with a net having a possible mesh. Characteristic vegetation mat. 2. A mat made of non-pressurized water-decomposable non-woven fabric instead of the mat made of vegetable fiber material is interposed between the top sheet and the bottom sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that. 3. A polymer absorber, instead of the mat made of the plant fiber material, is interposed between the top sheet and the bottom sheet in the cut portion of the vegetation mat. Vegetation mat described in. 4. The vegetation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein two mats are combined and perlite or vermiculite is sandwiched between the mats. 5. The vegetation mat according to claim 4, wherein general chemical fertilizer or bark compost is sandwiched between the mats together with perlite or vermiculite. 6. The vegetation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a net having a mesh that allows germination and growth of plant seeds is attached to the outer surface of the lower sheet.