JP2594227B2 - Vegetation mat - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation mat used for a greening method such as a slope of a hillside or a river embankment, or a slope formed with road construction or land development.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, plants are vegetated and greened on the above-mentioned slopes in order to protect the slopes and maintain the landscape. Conventionally, there is a vegetation mat as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-26117 for performing such greening.

[0003] That is, the vegetation mat of the above publication is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 0, bark compost is mainly formed on the lower side of the vegetable fiber mat 51 formed into a sheet having a thickness of 5 mm or less by mixing vegetable fibers mainly composed of palm fiber into a nonwoven fabric. The plant growth base material 52 obtained by mixing an organic substance fertilizer, a plant organic fertilizer, a slow-acting fertilizer, a germination promoter, a microorganism propagation agent, a soil conditioner, a soil fungus, a water retention agent, a heat retention agent, and a moisturizer. A greening layer material 53 formed to a thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm by mixing seeds is provided, and both upper and lower surfaces of the greening layer material 53 are sandwiched by paper or nonwoven fabrics 54 and 55. , 57, and the whole is sewn with a fiber thread 58.

[0004]

However, in the conventional vegetation mat, since the greening layer material 53 in contact with the slope is relatively hard, the vegetation mat is not well adapted to the slope.
The back surface of the mat tends to be partially raised from the slope, and furthermore, this greening layer material 53 requires a long time to corrode even if it contains moisture, and the various fertilizers, soil conditioners, etc. Hard to fall. Therefore, a gap is formed between the vegetation mat and the slope, and even if the seeds germinate, they hardly take root and often die.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned matters, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vegetation mat which is well adapted to a slope and which can germinate and grow plant seeds satisfactorily.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, a vegetation mat of the present invention has a plant seed and a vegetation base material sandwiched between an upper sheet and a lower sheet each made of a water-soluble sheet. At the same time, a water-disintegrable sheet is provided on the outer surface side of the top sheet, and a net having a measure capable of germinating and growing plant seeds is provided on the outer surface side of the water-disintegrable sheet.

The water-soluble sheet is preferably a sheet which does not dissolve in a relatively short time when exposed to moisture such as rainfall. For example, polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) is preferred.
It is preferable to use a material that is completely soluble in water, such as The water-disintegrable sheet does not immediately dissolve in water like a water-soluble sheet, but, for example, 30 to 50% pulp fiber and 35 to 4%.
A water-decomposable nonwoven fabric composed of 5% of polypropylene fiber and 10 to 30% of powdery or fibrous PVA can be used. Further, a pulp material, a material obtained by binding a material such as soup with a water-soluble glue, or a tight net may be used.

In the above-mentioned vegetation mat, a water-disintegrable sheet may be provided on the outer surface of the lower sheet, and a net having a size capable of germinating and growing plant seeds is directly provided on the outer surface of the lower sheet. Is also good.

[0009]

In the vegetation mat of the present invention, since the upper and lower sheets for covering the plant seeds and the vegetation base are made of water-soluble sheets, the whole is highly flexible. It fits well on the surface and adheres to the slope in a state where partial lifting is suppressed. Then, when the lower surface sheet in contact with the slope is decomposed, the plant seeds and the vegetation base material fall to the slope and easily adhere to the slope, so that a gap is hardly generated between the vegetation mat and the slope. In addition, since the water-disintegrating sheet and the net, which are less soluble than the water-soluble sheet, are provided on the upper surface side of the vegetation mat, the plant seeds and the vegetation base material do not run off or freeze up even when rainfall occurs. In addition, the net prevents slope erosion. As described above, the vegetation mat forms a growth base suitable for growing plants on the slope, and various plants grow on the growth base.

[0010]

1 and 2 show a vegetation mat M according to an embodiment of the present invention. In these figures, reference numerals 1 and 2 denote a water-soluble top sheet and a bottom sheet, respectively. Reference numerals 3 and 4 denote a plant seed and a vegetation base material interposed between the sheets 1 and 2, respectively. Reference numeral 5 denotes a water-disintegrable sheet provided on the outer surface side of the top sheet 1, 6 denotes a net provided on the outer surface side of the water-disintegrable sheet 5, and 7 sews the sheets 1, 2, 5, and the net 6 collectively. Sewing thread. Also,
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 8 denotes a heat seal portion between the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2, and 9 denotes a portion where the vegetation mat M formed adjacently is cut.

Next, the details of each of the above-mentioned members will be described.
It is made of a material such as VA that is completely soluble in water.

As the plant seeds 3, seeds of exotic plants such as grasses and seeds of native plants such as flower plant seeds, wild grasses and trees are used. Specifically, as forage seeds, there are creeping red fescue, highland bentgrass, red top, bermudagrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and the like. , Fly fly, California poppy, purple hananana, gypsophila, cosmos, celosia, kawaraneshiko, daisies, etc.
Japanese pampas grass, Medohagi, there is such as Japanese knotweed. Further, examples of tree plants include red pine, yabu-shabu, weasel, yamahagi, and komatsuna. Then, seeds of these plants are appropriately mixed.

The vegetation base material 4 is a base material necessary for plant growth and soil improvement, for example, general chemical fertilizers and soil improvers, organic materials such as bark compost and peat moss, and inorganic materials such as vermiculite and perlite. And the like are appropriately mixed.

The water-disintegrable sheet 5 is different from the water-soluble top sheet 1 and the bottom sheet 2 in that it has a property that it does not readily dissolve due to rain or other moisture, for example, 30 to 50% pulp. Fiber and 35-4
A water-decomposable nonwoven fabric composed of 5% of polypropylene fiber and 10 to 30% of powdery or fibrous PVA can be used.

Here, if the addition ratio of pulp fiber is 30% or less, problems of dispersibility and strength due to dissolution of PVA due to moisture absorption occur. On the other hand, if this ratio is 50%, polypropylene fiber In addition, the addition ratio of PVA or PVA is reduced, and a problem of solubility due to moisture and a problem of strength occur.

Further, the addition ratio of the polypropylene fiber is 3
If it is 5% or less, solubility problems and strength problems due to moisture occur. On the other hand, if it is 45% or more, the addition ratio of pulp fiber or PVA decreases, and the solubility problem due to moisture decreases. Derive.

When the proportion of PVA is set to 10% or less, a problem of solubility due to moisture occurs. On the other hand, when the proportion is 30% or more, the proportion of pulp fiber or polypropylene fiber is reduced, and strength is reduced. The above problems occur.

From the above, pulp fiber, polypropylene fiber and PVA are blended in the above-mentioned ratio to obtain solubility and a certain strength.

The net 6 serves to prevent frost heaving and run-off of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 in a state where the top sheet 1 is melted, together with the water-decomposable sheet 5. It is necessary to have a target that allows germination and growth. In this embodiment, the net 6 is made of a synthetic fiber such as polyethene, polypropylene or nylon, which has been generally used, and has corrosion resistance.

As the sewing thread 7, jute cotton or rayon is suitable.

Next, a method of manufacturing the vegetation mat M having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.

The lower sheet 2 made of the PVA sheet shown in FIG. 3A is flowed on a conveyor (not shown), and as shown in FIG.
The plant seed 3 is dropped and sprayed. In this case, a non-spray zone 10 (see FIG. 4) having a predetermined width in which the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are not sprayed is formed at predetermined intervals.

Next, an upper sheet 1 made of a PVA sheet is supplied to cover the upper surfaces of the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 are heat-sealed in the non-spraying zone 10 to seal the ends of the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2D, both side edges 2a of the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction are folded upward by a folding device (not shown), and overlap with both side edges 1a of the upper sheet 1. Both side edges of the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 in the traveling direction are sealed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2E, the water-disintegrable sheet 5 is supplied, and the folded portion 2a and the top sheet 1 are supplied.
, And the water-disintegrable sheet 5 is covered with a net 6 as shown in FIG.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1G and FIG. 4, the upper sheet 1, the lower sheet 2, the water-disintegrable sheet 5 and the net 6 are sewn together by a sewing machine (not shown). This sewing is preferably performed at a relatively small interval (fine mesh) in the folded portion 2a, and the other portions are preferably performed at a relatively large interval (coarse mesh). Reference numeral 11 in FIGS. 3G and 4 denotes a plurality of sewing needles of the sewing machine.

After the sewing, the heat-sealed portion 8 (11) is cut by a cutting device (not shown) to obtain a predetermined length and a predetermined width as shown in FIG. Vegetation mat M is formed. The vegetation mat M is wound into a roll by an appropriate winding device (not shown).

As described above, when producing the vegetation mat M, the non-dispersion zones 10 where the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are not provided are provided at appropriate intervals.
Is heat-sealed to form a heat-sealed portion 8.
The formation interval of 0) is, for example, 1 as a PVA sheet.
In the case of using the one having the m width, it is set at the following intervals. That is, if the vegetation mat M is 1 cm thick and every 10 m,
Every 5 cm with a thickness of 2 cm, every 3 m with a thickness of 3 cm, and the width is 10 to 30 cm.

Further, in the vegetation mat M, since the PVA sheet is used as the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 that cover the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4, dust is not deposited at the time of manufacturing. The working environment is well maintained. In the case of sewing with a sewing machine, a small hole is formed by the sewing needle 11 penetrating both sheets 1 and 2, and the sheet portion around the small hole acts so as to close the small hole. Therefore, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed between the sheets 1 and 2 do not leak.
Since the PVA sheets are used as the two sheets 1 and 2, heat sealing is performed satisfactorily. Also, PVA
The sheet can be obtained at a low cost, and an inexpensive vegetation mat M can be obtained.

Further, in the vegetation mat M, since both end portions 2a in the traveling direction of the lower sheet 2 are folded upward, the both end portions 1a of the upper sheet 1 are covered by the folded portions 2a. Therefore, both sheets 1, 2
The plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 interposed in a dispersed state do not leak to the outside. Furthermore, since both end portions 2a of the lower sheet 2 are folded upward so as to overlap the both end portions 1a of the upper sheet 1, the plant interposed between the two sheets 1 and 2 is combined with the heat seal. The seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are completely covered by the sheets 1 and 2 and do not leak outside.

The vegetation mat M manufactured as described above is laid on a slope, for example, as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the plurality of vegetation mats M are placed on the lower surface sheet 2 on the side of the slope 12, the length direction thereof is in the vertical direction of the slope 12, and The parts are arranged in the width direction so as to overlap with each other, and are fixed to the slope 12 using a fastener 13 such as an anchor. In this case, in the vegetation mat M on the top of the slope 12, as shown in the enlarged view in the figure, the heat seal portions 8 formed at both ends in the length direction are developed, and the fastening devices 13 are provided here. Through. Further, at the other end of the uppermost vegetation mat M and at both ends of the other vegetation mat M, the heat sealing portion 8
Is folded back to the lower sheet 2 side, and a fastener 13 is provided so as to insert the folded portion.

The upper and lower surfaces of the vegetation mat M are made of thin water-soluble sheets, so that the entire mat is rich in flexibility, and even if the slope 12 has some irregularities, It fits well and adheres to the slope 12 without partial lifting. And the vegetation mat M
At the beginning, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 are covered with both sheets 1 and 2,
Their spill is effectively prevented.

When the vegetation mat M is exposed to water due to rainfall or water sprinkling, the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2 are quickly dissolved, and in particular, the lower sheet 2 in contact with the slope 12 is faster than the upper sheet 1. Dissolve in Therefore, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 in the vegetation mat M adhere to the slope 12 without any gap, and the plant seeds 3 easily germinate, and the germinated seedlings are supplied with fertilizer and water. Will surely grow.

On the other hand, the top sheet 1 of the vegetation mat M
Since the water-disintegratable sheet 5 and the net 6 that are harder to dissolve than the topsheet 1 are provided, the plant seeds 3 and the vegetation base material 4 on the slope 12 are favorably held by these, and the plant seeds 3 The frost heave and the runoff of the vegetation base material 4 are effectively prevented.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be implemented in various modifications. For example, in the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIG.
Is configured to be located between the top sheet 1 and the water-disintegrable sheet 5, but this is folded back so as to be located on the upper surface of the uppermost net 6 as shown in FIG. You may do so.

Then, the upper sheet 1 and the lower sheet 2
As the water-soluble sheet used for each, a water-soluble polymer film may be used in addition to the PVA sheet. Further, as the water-disintegrable sheet 5, a sheet obtained by binding soup, polypropylene, nylon, or the like with a water-soluble paste such as PVA, or a water-disintegratable paper obtained by binding paper made of a pulp material with a water-soluble paste can be used. further,
As shown in FIG. 7, a net with a tight mesh may be used. In this case, the net is preferably formed of a corrosive material such as viscose rayon.

In addition to the corrosion-resistant material, the net 6 may be made of natural fibers such as cotton, silk, hemp, etc. which are decomposed and corroded by microorganisms and disappear over time, or viscose made of regenerated cellulose. Regenerated fibers such as rayon, corrosive materials such as high-strength rayon fibers that have high tensile strength compared to viscose rayon fibers, but have the property of deteriorating due to deterioration over time may be used. As an alternative, an antibacterial treatment may be applied to adjust the corrosion time.

As an example of the net subjected to the antibacterial treatment, there is a "vegetation net" (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-355600) filed by the applicant of the present invention on December 19, 1992. Therefore, the configuration of this net will be described briefly.

There are the following methods for obtaining a net subjected to the antibacterial treatment. One is that dimethylbenzylammonium chloride is effective for a net composed of the corrosive material alone or a net formed by using a blended fiber composed of any of the corrosive materials and a synthetic fiber such as nylon or polypropylene. An antibacterial agent as a component is applied or sprayed, or the net is immersed in a treatment tank containing the antibacterial agent.

As the warp and the weft constituting the net, the corrosive material and the blended fiber are used, and the antibacterial agent is previously added to the warp and the weft material. Weave the net with the warp and weft.

The net constructed in this way has the necessary strength, for example, in the latter half to two years after laying on the slope, and then gradually corrodes and becomes homogeneous with the soil. It has.

Further, in each of the above embodiments, the plant seed 3
In addition, the upper sheet 1, the water-disintegrable sheet 5 and the net 6 are provided above the vegetation base material 4, and only the lower sheet 2 is provided below the plant seed 3 and the vegetation base material 4. However, this configuration may be variously changed as described below.

That is, in the vegetation mat M shown in FIG. 8, a water-disintegrable sheet 14 is provided on the lower surface of the lower sheet 2. Needless to say, this water-disintegrable sheet 14 can be made of various types similarly to the water-disintegrable sheet 5. In the vegetation mat M configured as described above, since the lower sheet 2 made of a water-soluble sheet does not directly touch the slope 12, there is an advantage that the construction can be performed even when the slope 12 has some moisture.

The vegetation mat M shown in FIG. 9 has a net 15 directly provided on the lower surface side of the lower sheet 2 and has a slope 12
Erosion can be more reliably prevented.

It is needless to say that the vegetation mat M shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be similarly manufactured by partially changing the manufacturing procedure described above. Also, in the vegetation mat M shown in FIGS.
Is arranged between the top sheet 1 and the water-disintegrable sheet 5, but this is placed on the top of the top net 6 in the same manner as the vegetation mat M shown in FIG. Needless to say, it may be folded back so as to be positioned.

[0046]

As described above, in the vegetation mat of the present invention, since the upper and lower sheets covering the plant seeds and the vegetation base material are composed of the water-soluble sheets, partial lifting is suppressed. Adhere to the slope in the state that was done. Then, when the lower surface sheet in contact with the slope is decomposed, the plant seeds and the vegetation base material fall to the slope and easily adhere to the slope, so that a gap is hardly generated between the vegetation mat and the slope. Also, since the upper surface side of the vegetation mat is provided with a water-disintegrable sheet and a net that is less soluble than the water-soluble sheet, even if there is rainfall, the plant seeds and the vegetation substrate may be washed away,
Does not freeze. In addition, the net prevents slope erosion.

As described above, according to the vegetation mat of the present invention, a growth base suitable for growing plants is formed on the slope,
Various plants can be successfully grown on this growth base.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially broken perspective view showing a vegetation mat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining a manufacturing process of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing an example of a sewing step of the vegetation mat.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state where the vegetation mat is laid on a slope.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a vegetation mat according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of a water-disintegrable sheet.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a vegetation mat according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a vegetation mat according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a conventional vegetation mat.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Top sheet, 2 ... Bottom sheet, 2a ... Side edge part, 3 ...
Plant seeds, 4 ... vegetation base material, 5, 14 ... water-decomposable sheet,
6,15 ... Net.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plant seed and a vegetation base material are sandwiched between an upper sheet and a lower sheet each made of a water-soluble sheet, and a water-disintegrable sheet is provided on the outer surface side of the upper sheet. A vegetation mat comprising, on the outer surface side of the water-disintegrable sheet, a net having a measure capable of germinating and growing plant seeds. 2. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein a water-disintegrable sheet is provided on the outer side of the lower sheet. 3. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein a net having a measure capable of germinating and growing plant seeds is provided on an outer surface side of the lower sheet. 4. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the upper sheet and the lower sheet are made of a polyvinyl alcohol sheet.